Genetics and Heterogeneity of Common Gastrointestinal Disorders. Jerome I. Rotter , I. Michael Samloff , David L. RimoinGenetic Control of Natural Resistance to Infection and Malignancy. Emil Skamene , Patricia A. L. Kongshavn, Maurice Landy

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Lee Ehrman ◽  
Joan Probber
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Resistance To Infection

scholarly journals Influence of the Bcg Locus on Natural Resistance to Primary Infection with the Facultative Intracellular Bacterium Francisella tularensis in Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1480-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Kovářová ◽  
Lenka Hernychová ◽  
Marián Hajdúch ◽  
M. Šírová ◽  
Aleš Macela
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Resistance To Infection

ABSTRACT The implication of the Bcg locus in the control of natural resistance to infection with a live vaccine strain (LVS) of the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis was studied. Analysis of phenotypic expression of natural resistance and susceptibility was performed using mouse strains congenic at theBcg locus. Comparison of the kinetics of bacterial colonization of spleen showed that B10.A.Bcg(r) mice were extremely susceptible during early phases of primary sublethal infection, while their congenic C57BL/10N [Bcg(s)] counterparts could be classified as resistant to F. tularensis LVS infection according to the 2-log-lower bacterial CFU within the tissue as long as 5 days after infection. Different phenotypes of Bcg congenic mice were associated with differential expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10, and gamma interferon and production of reactive oxygen intermediates. These results strongly suggest that the Bcglocus, which is close or identical to the Nramp1 gene, controls natural resistance to infection by F. tularensisand that its effect is the opposite of that observed for otherBcg-controlled pathogens.

Resistance to Infection With Intracellular Parasites. Identification of a Candidate Gene

Physiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
SM Vidal ◽  
P Gros
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Transport Protein ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Specific Transport ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Resistance To Infection

In the mouse, natural resistance to infection with unrelated intracellular parasites is controlled by the Bcg locus. With an positional cloning approach, a candidate gene for Bcg has been isolated. This gene encodes for a novel macrophage-specific transport protein, Nramp, which is altered in innately susceptible animals.

Acquisition of autoimmunity genes by New Zealand mice is associated with natural resistance to infection by mycobacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nair Esaguy ◽  
Paula M. Macedo ◽  
Anabela P. Castro ◽  
Artur P. Águas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Infection

scholarly journals NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Schneider ◽  
Norton D. Zinder
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Synthetic Diet ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Positive Effect

The double strain inoculation test as used for the assay of nutritional factors capable of enhancing survivorship in mouse salmonellosis has been modified and improved. The modification has been based on the use of genetically marked strains of S. typhimurium, and substitutes for survivorship a bacteriological datum, a certain minimum population size of the virulent salmonellae in the mouse spleen at a certain time. The analysis permitting this substitution and the economies achieved by the modification has been presented. In the course of development of the new assay evidence was obtained that the nutrient entity or entities responsible for enhanced survivorship, as measured by the bacteriological correlate, are not stored in the mouse. A deficiency state was achieved 24 hours after supplying the basal synthetic diet. Similarly, positive effect of active nutrients was evident as soon as 24 hours after feeding.

scholarly journals Genetical studies on immunity in mice: II. Correlation between antibody formation and resistance

1938 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gorer ◽  
H. Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Production ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Internal Variation ◽  
Mouse Lines

1. Four mouse lines have been tested for “H” and “O” antibody production following inoculation with Salmonella typhi murium and S. enteritidis; two of these lines had been selected for resistance and susceptibility but not inbred; two, D and E, had been brother-sister inbred for over thirty generations but not selectively as far as resistance is concerned.2. After immunization with S. typhi murium:(a) Female mice, in all four lines, tend to give higher “H” and “O” titres than do males, a positive correlation between ability to produce antibody and resistance to infection being thus established.(b) Interline differences exist for both these antibodies. Those concerned with “H” antibody may be correlated with resistance. In the case of “O” antibody, no correlation is suggested.3. After immunization with S. enteritidis:There appears to be no correlation sexually or interlineally between resistance and antibody production. That genetic differences exist, in respect of this organism also, is shown by the fact that the pure lines, D and E, give a better antibody response than the selected lines A and B. When tested for immunizability by subsequent infection with S. enteritidis no useful information could be obtained with strain A or B owing to their great internal variation. Strains D and E both showed a gain in expectation of life following immunization. The more resistant strain D showed a significantly greater gain than did E, the strain with a lower natural resistance.4. The titres of normal “O” enteritidis-antibody found in the four lines indicates that there may be a negative correlation between the titre of these antibodies and resistance to infection with S. enteritidis.5. The significance of the above findings is discussed and it is stressed that a significant correlation between resistance and antibody formation does not imply that the two phenomena are causally related.6. It is pointed out that strains that have been inbred even without selection react far more homogeneously in the infection experiments here described than do strains that have been selected but not intensively inbred.

scholarly journals NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The double strain inoculation (DSI) method of testing for natural resistance to infection has been examined in the instance of mouse salmonellosis. The DSI method has been found capable of detecting differences in natural resistance due to genetic as well as nutritional causes. A difference in response to Salmonella infection was found for the first time between the two "susceptible" inbred mouse strains, BSVR and BSVS. Whereas BSVS mice for the most part survived an intraperitoneal injection of 103 "avirulent" S. typhimurium, BSVR mice all succumbed. The relationship of the DSI test to the usual single infection test has been discussed and it is suggested that such single infection tests are special cases of the DSI test, since they involve a heterogeneous bacterial population which can be considered as a mixture of cultures of differing virulence and in which, by a single injection, the usual time interval between the two injections of the DSI method has been reduced to 0.

EXPERIMENTAL CEREBROSPINAL NEMATODIASIS (PNEUMOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS) IN SHEEP

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson ◽  
Uta R. Strelive
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Normal Host ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Six lambs were each infected experimentally with 50–1000 infective larvae of Pneumostrongylus tenuis. Three animals displayed neurologic signs. Lesions and dead or living worms were found in the central nervous system of all infected lambs. It is concluded, however, that sheep have a good natural resistance to infection and that P. tenuis will not mature in them. Before P. tenuis is diagnosed in naturally infected sheep it would be advisable to establish whether the sheep have been in contact with white-tailed deer, the normal host.

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