Possible Role of Cytokinins in Nonspecific Recognition of a Host and in Early Growth of Haustoria in the Parasitic Plant, Cuscuta campestris

1978 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tsivion
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris

The role of initial cells in maize anther morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Dawe ◽  
M. Freeling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Structural Template ◽  
Axes Of Symmetry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mature Anther

The near absence of cell movement in plants makes clonal analysis a particularly informative method for reconstructing the early events of organ formation. We traced the patterns of cell division during maize anther development by inducing sector boundaries that preceded the earliest events of anther initiation. In doing this, we were able to estimate the smallest number of cells that are fated to form an anther, characteristic cell division patterns that occur during anther morphogenesis, and the relationship between the pre-existing symmetry of the initial cells and the final symmetry of the mature anther. Four general conclusions are made: (1) anthers are initiated from small groups of 12 or fewer cells in each of two floral meristematic layers; (2) the early growth of the anther is more like a shoot than a glume or leaf; (3) cell ancestry does not dictate basic structure and (4) the orientation of initial cells predicts the orientation of the four pollen-containing microsporangia, which define the axes of symmetry on the mature anther. The final point is discussed with other data, and an explanation involving a ‘structural template’ is invoked. The idea is that the orientation of initial cells within the floral meristem establishes an architectural pattern into which anther cells are recruited without regard to their cellular lineages. The structural template hypothesis may prove to be generally applicable to problems of pattern formation in plants.

The Role of Early Growth Response 1 in the Prognostic Value and Cell Migration of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiyu Hao ◽  
Fengru Huang ◽  
Xinqian Yu ◽  
Bujie Xu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Early Growth Response

Abstract Background: Early growth response family members (EGRs), EGR1-4, have increasingly attracted attention in multiple cancers. However, the exact expression patterns and prognostic values of EGRs in the progress of breast cancer (BRCA) remain largely unknown. Methods: The mRNA expression and prognostic characteristics of EGRs were examined by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Enrichment analyses were conducted based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and MethSurv were further explored. The protein expression level of EGR1 and cell migration were measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay in BRCA. Results: The transcriptional levels of EGR1/2/3 displayed significantly low expression in BRCA compared to that in normal tissues, while EGR4 was shown adverse expression pattern. Survival analysis revealed up-regulated EGR1-4 were remarkably associated with favorable relapse-free survival (RFS). A close correlation with specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and several CpG sites of EGRs were exhibited. Immunohistochemistry assays showed that the protein expression of EGR1 was remarkably downregulated in BRCA compared to that in paracancerous tissues. Cell migration of MCF10A cells was increased after the silence of EGR1 by siRNA transfection.Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight to the role of EGR1 in the prognostic value and cell migration of BRCA.

Bridging ties and the role of research and start-up experience on the early growth of Dutch academic spin-offs

Technovation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45-46 ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Scholten ◽  
Onno Omta ◽  
Ron Kemp ◽  
Tom Elfring
Keyword(s):  
Early Growth ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Bridging Ties

scholarly journals The transcription factor early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) promotes apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 373 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel PIGNATELLI ◽  
Rosario LUNA-MEDINA ◽  
Arturo PÉREZ-RENDÓN ◽  
Angel SANTOS ◽  
Ana PEREZ-CASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
P53 Family ◽  
Early Growth Response ◽  
In Cells

Early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) is an immediate early gene, which is rapidly activated in quiescent cells by mitogens or in postmitotic neurons after depolarization. EGR-1 has been involved in diverse biological functions such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Here we report that enforced expression of the EGR-1 gene induces apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick-end labelling (TUNEL) analysis, in murine Neuro2A cells. In accordance with this role of EGR-1 in cell death, antisense oligonucleotides increase cell viability in cells cultured in the absence of serum. This apoptotic activity of the EGR-1 appears to be mediated by p73, a member of the p53 family of proteins, since an increase in the amount of p73 is observed in clones stably expressing the EGR-1 protein. We also observed an increase in the transcriptional activity of the mdm2 promoter in cells overexpressing EGR-1, which is paralleled by a marked decrease in the levels of p53 protein, therefore excluding a role of this protein in mediating EGR-1-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that EGR-1 is an important factor involved in neuronal apoptosis.

The chromosome regions for increasing early growth in rice: role of sucrose biosynthesis and NH4 + uptake

Euphytica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Nagai ◽  
Kouichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yuri Kakinuma ◽  
Kazuhiro Ujiie ◽  
Ken Ishimaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Growth ◽  
Sucrose Biosynthesis ◽  
Chromosome Regions

scholarly journals An artificial host system enables the obligate parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris to grow and complete its life cycle in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Bernal-Galeano ◽  
James Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Host System ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Methodological Improvement ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Water Nutrients

Cuscuta campestris is an obligate parasitic plant that requires a host to complete its lifecycle. Parasite-host connections occur via an haustorium, a unique organ that acts as a bridge for the uptake of water, nutrients and macromolecules. Research on Cuscuta is often complicated by host influences, but comparable systems for growing the parasite in the absence of a host do not exist. We developed an axenic method to grow C. campestris on an Artificial Host System (AHS). We evaluated the effects of nutrients and phytohormones on parasite haustoria development and growth. Haustorium morphology and gene expression were characterized. The AHS consists of an inert, fibrous stick that mimics a host stem, wicking water and nutrients to the parasite. It enables C. campestris to exhibit a parasitic habit and develop through all stages of its lifecycle, including production of new shoots and viable seeds. Phytohormones NAA and BA affect haustoria morphology, and increase parasite fresh weight and biomass. Gene expression in AHS haustoria reflect process similar to those in haustoria on actual host plants. The AHS is a methodological improvement for studying Cuscuta biology by avoiding specific host effects on parasite and giving researchers full control of the parasite environment.

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