scholarly journals THE BEHAVIOR OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG (ARBACIA)

1948 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schmidt ◽  
Liselotte Hecht ◽  
S. J. Thannhauser
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg

1. The unfertilized Arbacia egg contains an average of 20γ x 10–3 ribonucleic acid and 0.7 to 1γ x 10–3 desoxyribonucleic acid. 2. During the first 24 hours of development, the amount of ribonucleic acid per embryo remains practically unchanged whereas that of desoxyribonucleic acid steadily increases. At the end of this period, the amount of desoxyribonucleic acid per embryo is 10 to 15 times larger than that of the unfertilized egg.

scholarly journals THE BEHAVIOR OF THE NUCLEIC ACIDS DURING THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG (ARBACIA)

1948 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-457
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schmidt ◽  
Liselotte Hecht ◽  
S. J. Thannhauser
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg

The authors wish to correct an error in the paper "The behavior of the nucleic acids during the early development of the sea urchin egg (Arbacia)" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 203). Owing to an oversight, the figures for the amounts of various P fractions in a single Arbacia egg have been erroneously expressed in γ x 10–3 units (Tables I and II, page 205; the last two lines of page 206). The figures should have been expressed in γ x 10–5 units. Thus, the fertilized Arbacia egg contains an average of 20 γ x 10–5 ribonucleic acid P and 0.7 to 1 γ x 10–5 desoxyribonucleic acid P.

scholarly journals Effects of Dithiothreitol on Fertilization and Early Development in Sea Urchin

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Nunzia Limatola ◽  
Jong Tai Chun ◽  
Sawsen Cherraben ◽  
Jean-Louis Schmitt ◽  
Jean-Marie Lehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Cortical Granule ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Cortical Granule Exocytosis

The vitelline layer (VL) of a sea urchin egg is an intricate meshwork of glycoproteins that intimately ensheathes the plasma membrane. During fertilization, the VL plays important roles. Firstly, the receptors for sperm reside on the VL. Secondly, following cortical granule exocytosis, the VL is elevated and transformed into the fertilization envelope (FE), owing to the assembly and crosslinking of the extruded materials. As these two crucial stages involve the VL, its alteration was expected to affect the fertilization process. In the present study, we addressed this question by mildly treating the eggs with a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). A brief pretreatment with DTT resulted in partial disruption of the VL, as judged by electron microscopy and by a novel fluorescent polyamine probe that selectively labelled the VL. The DTT-pretreated eggs did not elevate the FE but were mostly monospermic at fertilization. These eggs also manifested certain anomalies at fertilization: (i) compromised Ca2+ signaling, (ii) blocked translocation of cortical actin filaments, and (iii) impaired cleavage. Some of these phenotypic changes were reversed by restoring the DTT-exposed eggs in normal seawater prior to fertilization. Our findings suggest that the FE is not the decisive factor preventing polyspermy and that the integrity of the VL is nonetheless crucial to the egg’s fertilization response.

The DNA synthetic period during early development of the sea urchin egg

1964 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Hinegardner ◽  
B. Rao ◽  
D.E. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg

scholarly journals The Metabolism of Chromosomal Ribonucleic Acid in Drosophila Salivary Glands and its Relation to Synthesis of Desoxyribonucleic Acid

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel McMaster-Kaye ◽  
J. Herbert Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Autoradiographic Technique

Incorporation of adenine-8-C14 into chromosomal nucleic acids of Drosophila salivary glands has been observed with the autoradiographic technique. RNA-C14 and DNA-C14 were detected as the fractions extractable by ribonuclease digestion and resistant to ribonuclease, respectively. Extractions with desoxyribonuclease and acids were also used to identify the nucleic acids. Time-course curves were determined from grain counts. RNA-C14 concentration reached a maximum in 2 hours, and decreased after the 4th hour. DNA-C14 concentration reached its maximum within 8 hours, and showed no decreases during a 48-hour experiment. In the latter part of the period of observation, morphological differentiation of the gland occurred, the decrease in RNA-C14 became very rapid, and a large increase in DNA-C14 was observed. Marked decrease in RNA-C14 and increase in DNA-C14 were detectable in a few hours when isotope was administered shortly before visible differentiation of the gland. Measurements of nuclear size indicated no significant decreases in RNA-C14 amount prior to the period of differentiation. During this later period, a large decrease in RNA-C14 amount occurs suddenly, and the same amount of C14 is added simultaneously to the DNA fraction, as expected if RNA-C14 is utilized in the synthesis of DNA.

THE EFFECT OF GONADAL HORMONES ON LIVER NUCLEIC ACIDS IN THE IMMATURE PULLET

1949 ◽  
Vol 27d (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Chapman ◽  
A. A. Hanson ◽  
R. H. Common ◽  
W. A. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid

The ribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid, and the ratio of ribonucleic acid to desoxyribonucleic acid in the liver of immature pullets treated with 4.5 mgm. testosterone propionate over a 12-day period were all increased when this treatment was supplemented by treatment with estrogen. The possible significance of these effects in relation to other effects of similar gonadal hormone treatments is discussed.

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