scholarly journals THE ENTERIC SURFACE COAT ON CAT INTESTINAL MICROVILLI

1965 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Crypt Cells

The enteric microvilli of the cat, bat, and man are coated with a conspicuous layer composed of fine filaments radiating from the outer dense leaflet of the plasma membrane. This surface coat is prominent on the absorptive cells but is not so thick on the goblet and undifferentiated crypt cells. In other species the surface coat is poorly developed or inconsistent, but all intestinal microvilli have traces of such a coating over the tips and sides of the microvilli. Tissues prepared by the ordinary sectioning techniques for electron microscopy usually reveal this component when stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead staining. The surface coat is intensely periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive and reacts with Alcian blue or Hale's colloidal iron stain for acid mucopolysaccharide. It is also stained by toluidine blue at low pH. Repeated washings or incubation with various chemical agents have failed to remove or markedly alter the appearance of the coating, but extruded cells undergoing autolysis lose their surface coats. The stability, consistent presence, and intimate association of the mucopolysaccharide coat suggest that it may be an integral part of the plasmalemma rather than an "extraneous coat."

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND STAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOFIBER EXTERNAL LAMINA

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. ZACKS ◽  
M. F. SHEFF ◽  
A. SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

A variety of cytochemical methods were used to investigate the composition of mouse sarcolemma. We found that the sarcolemma is a complex composed of the myofiber cell membrane, a thin zone external to the cell membrane that contains groups that bind colloidal iron and thorium at low pH and a thicker amorphous layer that fails to stain with colloidal iron and thorium at low pH. The entire complex is periodic acid-Schiff-positive and stains with ruthenium red and strongly acid solutions of phosphotungstic acid. Although the specificity of these cytochemical stains is controversial, data obtained with them and from preliminary analyses of myofiber external lamina (EL) indicate that the myofiber cell coat is chiefly composed of glycoprotein containing a large number of carboxyl groups. The EL within the subneural apparatus of the neuromuscular junction differs from noninnervated areas in the fusion of Schwann cell and myofiber EL, the absence of collagen microfibrils, the more intense binding of divalent cations and the less intense stain with phosphotungstic acid in strongly acid solutions.

scholarly journals Mucinous Degeneration of the Epithelium of the Urinary Tract of Swine

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Brobst ◽  
R. Cottrell ◽  
A. Delez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hog Cholera ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Suppurative Arthritis

Mucinous degenerative change was observed in the epithelial cells lining the renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder of pigs with exudative epidermitis, coliform enteritis, hog cholera, and suppurative arthritis. Mucins were observed within transitional cells either as granular or homogenous material within vacuoles. Lakes filled with mucins also were formed as a result of the coalescence of mucin from degenerating transitional cells. The cells and lakes of mucin were stained selectively by periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, and colloidal iron. On the basis of the reactivity patterns with these stains the transitional epithelial cells were considered capable of producing acidic and neutral mucins.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION WITH STREPTOMYCES HYALURONIDASE UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF HYALURONIC ACID-CONTAINING TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

The effect of digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase upon certain histochemical reactions of hyaluronic acid-containing tissues has been studied in a series of human, mammalian and avian specimens. These histochemical reactions are those for the demonstration of neutral and sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucosaccharides such as periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue (pH 1.0), azure A (pH 1.5), high iron diamine, aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), Alcian Blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, azure A (pH 4.5), low iron diamine and colloidal iron. In addition, the effect of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase upon the same reactions of the same tissues was observed for comparison. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase diminishes the staining reactions due to hyaluronic acid but fails to affect those for neutral and sulfated acid mucosaccharides. These results indicate that digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase is a method of choice for the identification of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.

scholarly journals Podoendin. A new cell surface protein of the podocyte and endothelium.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Huang ◽  
J C Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

A new cell surface protein, podoendin, has been identified in Sprague-Dawley rats, and isolated using monoclonal antibody (mAb) G4. The distribution of podoendin is restricted to the surface of glomerular podocytes, urinary surface of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule, and the luminal surface of endothelial cells. The antibody does not crossreact with podocytes or endothelia of human or mice. In newborn rats, the appearance of podoendin on glomerular epithelium is attendant on podocyte differentiation during glomerulogenesis of metanephrogenic vesicles. It disappears when podocytes retract and efface foot processes in tissue culture. Thus, podoendin appears to be a cell differentiation-dependent surface protein of podocytes. Podoendin is a protein of 62 kD mobility on 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It stains intensely with Coomassie blue, but gives negative reactions to carbohydrate (periodic acid/Schiff reaction) and polyanions (alcian blue, colloidal iron, and carbocyanine). It is distinct from the major sialoglycoprotein of podocyte fuzzy coat, podocalyxin (11). Podoendin isolated and purified from endothelium of lungs appears to be identical with that from podocytes and endothelium of kidneys. Injection of mAb G4 into left ventricle of rats resulted in intense decoration of the endothelium and podocyte surface within 30 min. The decoration persisted throughout the 3-d period of observation. This was not accompanied by complement (C3) fixation. Preliminary results showed that the rats developed moderate proteinuria (100 mg/ml protein in urine), which was associated with the presence of hyaline droplets in renal tubules, on the third day. The proteinuria was not accompanied by effacement of podocyte pedicels. There were no morphologic alterations indicating glomerular or vascular injury in the kidneys.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Autoradiographic Studies on the Effects of Aging on the Mucopolysaccharides of the Periosteum

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Tonna ◽  
Eugene P. Cronkite
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Schiff Reaction ◽  
Effects Of Aging

An autoradiographic study was made using S35-sulfate for the localization, distribution, and variation in the mucopolysaccharide content of the femoral periosteum of rats from birth to old age. The mucopolysaccharides were also studied histochemically, using toluidine blue O, Rinehart and Abu'l-Haj's colloidal iron method, and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, before and after hyaluronidase treatment. Autoradiograms revealed the uptake of S35 particularly in the vicinity of the preosseous zone and adjacent osteoblasts. This labelling was highest at the period of rapid bone growth. With increasing age, the S35 uptake became progressively less. The preosseous zone showed γ-metachromatic staining at all ages after treatment with toluidine blue. Active osteoblasts were mostly orthochromatic, however, ß-metachromasia was exhibited at a later age. Abundant amounts of intra- and extracellular mucopolysaccharides of both the acid and neutral type were demonstrated in the periosteum. S35 uptake and γ-metachromasia show the presence of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, of which chondroitin sulfate predominates in the preosseous zone. Since S35 uptake is high in active osteoblasts, the inability to demonstrate metachromasia in osteoblasts may indicate either that chondroitin sulfate is liberated as fast as it is being produced, or that it may be present within the cells in a precursor form not detectable by histochemical methods.

Effects of O3 on submucosal gland of bonnet monkey trachea

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 678-679
Author(s):  
S. Yamashiro ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
J. St. George ◽  
D. Hyde ◽  
C. Plopper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Submucosal Glands

In the past, ozone inhalation studies have focused on the lower airways and lung parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ozone on submucosal glands of upper airways. Six adult male bonnet monkeys were exposed to 0.64 ppm ozone continuously for 7 days, and three were exposed to chamber conditions without ozone. The animals were exsanguinated under barbiturate anesthesia. The trachea and lung were fixed by airway infusion of Karnovsky's fixative, which was adjusted to pH 7.4 and 440 milliOsmols. Sagittal sections of ventral trachea were embedded in glycol methacrylate and Araldite 502 for light and electron microscopy. One micrometer methacrylate sections were stained with Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB/PAS). Selected areas of Araldite-embedded tissue were sectioned for transmission electron microscopy, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined with a Zeiss EM 10. Volume percentages of the lumen, granular and nongranular regions of fhe gland and the duct wall, respectively, were estimated by stereologic methods on AB/PAS stained sections.

scholarly journals SOME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF MAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENITO MONIS ◽  
HOWARD D. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucous Coat

This report deals with a histochemical characterization of transitional epithelium of the urinary tract of man. The cytoplasm of cells of the innermost, luminal layer is distinctly stained by the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. Enhanced staining of the luminal border of these cells suggests the presence of a differentiation of the luminal surface ( surface mucous coat) which is selectively stained by Alcian Blue and colloidal iron. The alcianophilic surface mucous coat is seen in the innermost layer of transitional epithelial cells of the urinary tract extending from the area cribrosa down to the bladder. This indicates the presence of an acid mucinous component. Digestion with neuraminidase according to the procedure of Spicer and Warren demonstrates the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) in the free cell surface of the luminal layer of transitional epithelium of man. There is abundant glycogen in transitional epithelium of man. A very characteristic basement membrane underlies transitional epithelium. It reacts with periodic acid-Schiff and often with Alcian Blue. The neuraminidase digestion does not alter the staining of basement membrane with Alcian Blue. This suggests the presence of a sialidase-resistant form of sialomucin or a sulfomucin in basement membrane. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, nondigestible granules closely corresponds to acid phosphatase-reactive granules, presumably lysosomes. Within the transitional epithelium there were lacunae which contained abundant sialomucins. These structures have been described in old textbooks of histology but do not seem to be a normal component of transitional epithelium. The significance of these structures is unknown.

The fate of autogenous grafts to the spinal dura

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Keller ◽  
Stewart B. Dunsker ◽  
Joe M. McWhorter ◽  
Carlos M. Ongkiko ◽  
Mary C. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tissue Attachment ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An experimental study was designed to compare the efficacy of autogenous fat and Gelfoam in minimizing scar tissue attachment to the dura and nerve roots. A multiple level lumbar laminectomy was performed in 20 dogs, and Gelfoam and autogenous fat were placed in the epidural space at two laminectomy sites, over the dura, interposed between the overlying paraspinal muscles and the dura. A third lumbar laminectomy site in each dog served as a control. The animals were sacrificed after different time periods (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks), and the specimens were examined histologically and histochemically. The colloidal iron-periodic acid Schiff-Bismarck brown-picric acid (CI-PAS-BB-PA) and high iron diamine-Alcian blue 8Gx (HID-AB) techniques were used to demonstrate connective tissues and glycosaminoglycans. The scar at the laminectomy sites where Gelfoam was placed and at the control sites was composed of dense irregular connective tissue. Examination of the laminectomy sites where autogenous fat was used revealed less scar tissue. In addition, there was a layer of fat with a slight increase in intercellular connective tissue fibers interposed between the overlying erector spinae musculature and the dura. Our results indicate that autogenous fat interposed between the dura and the overlying paraspinal musculature serves as a barrier limiting the growth of connective tissue into the spinal canal. We could find no evidence that Gelfoam prevented the ingrowth of scar tissue into the operated area.

scholarly journals FERRITIN PARTICLES IN MACROPHAGES AND IN ASSOCIATED MAST CELLS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Simson ◽  
S. S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Reactive Substance ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
The Matrix

In a variety of tissues (lymph node and glandular stroma), mast cells have been found in close and often intimate association with macrophages containing numerous ferritin-like particles in their cytoplasm and within cytoplasmic vacuoles (siderosomes). Phagocytic vacuoles in a given macrophage differed markedly. Some contained abundant Prussian blue-reactive material and others contained periodic acid-Schiff reactive substance at the light microscope level, and ultrastructurally some were filled with ferritin particles and others were not. Ferritin-like particles have also been observed occasionally in the mast cells associated with macrophages and even within the matrix of some of the granules in these mast cells.

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