scholarly journals SOME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF MAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENITO MONIS ◽  
HOWARD D. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucous Coat

This report deals with a histochemical characterization of transitional epithelium of the urinary tract of man. The cytoplasm of cells of the innermost, luminal layer is distinctly stained by the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. Enhanced staining of the luminal border of these cells suggests the presence of a differentiation of the luminal surface ( surface mucous coat) which is selectively stained by Alcian Blue and colloidal iron. The alcianophilic surface mucous coat is seen in the innermost layer of transitional epithelial cells of the urinary tract extending from the area cribrosa down to the bladder. This indicates the presence of an acid mucinous component. Digestion with neuraminidase according to the procedure of Spicer and Warren demonstrates the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) in the free cell surface of the luminal layer of transitional epithelium of man. There is abundant glycogen in transitional epithelium of man. A very characteristic basement membrane underlies transitional epithelium. It reacts with periodic acid-Schiff and often with Alcian Blue. The neuraminidase digestion does not alter the staining of basement membrane with Alcian Blue. This suggests the presence of a sialidase-resistant form of sialomucin or a sulfomucin in basement membrane. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, nondigestible granules closely corresponds to acid phosphatase-reactive granules, presumably lysosomes. Within the transitional epithelium there were lacunae which contained abundant sialomucins. These structures have been described in old textbooks of histology but do not seem to be a normal component of transitional epithelium. The significance of these structures is unknown.

scholarly journals Mucinous Degeneration of the Epithelium of the Urinary Tract of Swine

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Brobst ◽  
R. Cottrell ◽  
A. Delez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hog Cholera ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Suppurative Arthritis

Mucinous degenerative change was observed in the epithelial cells lining the renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder of pigs with exudative epidermitis, coliform enteritis, hog cholera, and suppurative arthritis. Mucins were observed within transitional cells either as granular or homogenous material within vacuoles. Lakes filled with mucins also were formed as a result of the coalescence of mucin from degenerating transitional cells. The cells and lakes of mucin were stained selectively by periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue, and colloidal iron. On the basis of the reactivity patterns with these stains the transitional epithelial cells were considered capable of producing acidic and neutral mucins.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION WITH STREPTOMYCES HYALURONIDASE UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF HYALURONIC ACID-CONTAINING TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

The effect of digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase upon certain histochemical reactions of hyaluronic acid-containing tissues has been studied in a series of human, mammalian and avian specimens. These histochemical reactions are those for the demonstration of neutral and sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucosaccharides such as periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue (pH 1.0), azure A (pH 1.5), high iron diamine, aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), Alcian Blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, azure A (pH 4.5), low iron diamine and colloidal iron. In addition, the effect of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase upon the same reactions of the same tissues was observed for comparison. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase diminishes the staining reactions due to hyaluronic acid but fails to affect those for neutral and sulfated acid mucosaccharides. These results indicate that digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase is a method of choice for the identification of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.

Comparative Effects of Parathyroid Extract and Turpentine Abscesses on the Serum Glycoproteins and the Polysaccharides of the Kidney

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Shetlar ◽  
R. Palmer Howard ◽  
Walter Joel ◽  
Dorothy C. Bowling ◽  
Clara L. Shetlar
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Histochemical Changes

Studies were made of the time relationships existing between administration of parathyroid extract to rats, the elevation of serum glycoproteins and the deposition of polysaccharide and calcium in the kidney. Statistically significant elevations of seromucoid occured 18 hours after the injection of turpentine and 24 hours after the first injection of parathyroid extract. These data may indicate that the effects of parathyroid extracts and turpentine on seromucoid differ. Statistically significant elevations of the serum glycoproteins other than seromucoid occurred at 36 hours in both groups. The first histochemical changes in the kidney were noted 36 hours after the first injection of parathyroid extract. Intratubular lesions were noted which contained both calcium and material which stained with periodic-acid-Schiff reagent (PAS), colloidal iron and Alcian blue. Later (48 hr. after injection) another type of lesion which stained only with PAS and did not contain calcium was noted. Consequently, no definite evidence was found for the occurrence of a polysaccharide-containing lesion prior to calcification. Only cloudy swelling of the tubules was noted in the kidneys of rats injected with turpentine. Since the injection of turpentine resulted in elevated seromucoid and other serum glycoprotein levels, it is concluded that such elevations do not result per se in kidney damage.

Histologic and Histochemical Characterization of Seminal Vesicle Intraluminal Secretions

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Rajal B. Shah ◽  
Min W. Lee ◽  
Alvaro A. Giraldo ◽  
Mahul B. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Associated Malignancy ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Abstract Context.—We have observed intraluminal crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicles that is superficially similar to that seen in prostate neoplasia, but found little information on such morphology in the literature. Design.—Two hundred fifty-three prostate specimens (163 needle biopsies, 75 radical prostatectomies with prostate carcinoma, 11 prostates from autopsy, and 4 cystoprostatectomies without prostate carcinoma) were examined for seminal vesicle secretions, which were categorized as (a) dense platelike inspissated, (b) fluidlike, (c) crystalloid morphology, and (d) absent. Histochemical stains (periodic acid–Schiff with and without diastase, Alcian blue at pH 2.5, and mucicarmine) were performed to characterize the nature of secretions. Results.—Proteinaceous secretions were identified in 82% of seminal vesicles examined. Of these, 61% had predominantly dense, platelike, inspissated secretions, 15% had predominantly fluidlike secretions, and 24% had predominantly crystalloid morphology. Although in some cases the crystalloid morphology resembled that of prostatic intraluminal crystalloids, the seminal vesicle crystalloids differed in that they were invariably multiple, had curved edges, and had varied forms (elliptical, cylindrical, rodlike, and rectangular). Seventy-one percent of seminal vesicle crystalloids were associated with dense, platelike, inspissated secretions and appeared to be created by fracturing within platelike secretions. There was no relationship between seminal vesicle crystalloid morphology and associated malignancy in the prostate gland, as it was seen in 24% of cases with prostate carcinoma and 25% of cases without prostate carcinoma (P = 1.0000). Fluidlike secretions were positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine, whereas dense platelike secretions and crystalloid morphology were negative for Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and mucicarmine. Conclusions.—Seminal vesicle secretions are fairly common and, when fluidlike, are composed of acid mucopolysaccharides. Inspissation of secretions appears to be associated with loss of acidity, presumably resulting in dense platelike secretions and crystallization. Awareness of both the crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicle tissue and the distinguishing features from prostatic crystalloids may be important while interpreting prostate needle biopsies in which seminal vesicle epithelium may be confused for prostate carcinoma because of a small acinar morphology with accompanying cytologic atypia and crystalloid morphology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results: The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion: Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.

A novel method for the visualization of the in situ mucus layer in rat and man

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLA JORDAN ◽  
JULIA NEWTON ◽  
JEFFREY PEARSON ◽  
ADRIAN ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thickness Measurements

1.The observed thickness of the gastric mucus barrier varies widely, even appearing discontinuous, depending on the methods used. Here we describe the development and application of a modified periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue staining technique for use on cryostat sections of gastric mucosa. This technique for the first time enables the preservation and visualization of the full thickness of the adherent gastric mucus layer and the underlying mucosa. 2.In designing this novel method we have selected those procedures which would result in the least alteration to the mucus layer. The methods used were snap freezing, cryostat sectioning of the whole stomach followed by brief ethanol pretreatment (10 min in 100% ethanol), a prolonged staining with periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue (15 min and 2.5 h respectively), a gentle post-fixation (45 min paraformaldehyde vapour at 37 °C) and the use of a water-soluble mountant. 3.A continuous, adherent mucus layer was observed over the surface of the rat gastric mucosa (periodic acid Schiff/Alcian Blue stained) and human gastric antral biopsies (periodic acid Schiff stained). In the rat the mean (S.D.) mucus thickness measurements along the antrum to oesophageal axis (which was divided histologically into four regions, A to D) were: A, 166 (47) μm; B, 179 (48) μm; C, 184 (50) μm; D (the non-glandular stratified epithelium at the top of the stomach), Absent. In human gastric antral biopsies the mean (S.D.) mucus thickness was 144 (52) μm. 4.This new technique has enabled the visualization and precise measurement of thickness of the gastric mucus layer in rat and man. The adherent gastric mucus layer was observed to be continuous in the rat glandular stomach and human antrum. In validation experiments in rat the mean mucus thickness measurements were found to be twice those measured by conventional histological techniques, in which the mucus layer appeared discontinuous and patchy. However, they were within the range of thickness values seen in unfixed tissues and in the rat in vivo preparation.

scholarly journals Histochemical properties of cartilage proteoglycans.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ippolito ◽  
V A Pedrini ◽  
A Pedrini-Mille
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Keratan Sulfate ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Cartilage Proteoglycans ◽  
Tissue Matrix

Proteoglycan interaction with alcian blue at different concentrations of magnesium chloride was studied both in vitro and in histological sections of paraffin-embedded tissues. Our experiments indicate that a) proteoglycans with different contents of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate, prepared under nondegradative conditions, are not distinguishable on the basis of the critical electrolyte concentrations at which staining is abolished; b) the state of aggregation of proteoglycans only very slightly affects the alcian blue affinity of the macromolecules at different concentrations of magnesium chloride; c) the interaction of proteoglycans with other components of the connective tissue matrix is an important factor in determining the strength of binding of alcian blue to the polyanionic macromolecules in histological sections. These factors should be considered in interpreting histochemical data obtained by staining tissue sections with alcian blue at different concentrations of magnesium chloride. Proteoglycans, like glycosaminoglycans, are only weakly periodic acid-Schiff-positive.

scholarly journals Podoendin. A new cell surface protein of the podocyte and endothelium.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Huang ◽  
J C Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Cell Surface Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff

A new cell surface protein, podoendin, has been identified in Sprague-Dawley rats, and isolated using monoclonal antibody (mAb) G4. The distribution of podoendin is restricted to the surface of glomerular podocytes, urinary surface of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule, and the luminal surface of endothelial cells. The antibody does not crossreact with podocytes or endothelia of human or mice. In newborn rats, the appearance of podoendin on glomerular epithelium is attendant on podocyte differentiation during glomerulogenesis of metanephrogenic vesicles. It disappears when podocytes retract and efface foot processes in tissue culture. Thus, podoendin appears to be a cell differentiation-dependent surface protein of podocytes. Podoendin is a protein of 62 kD mobility on 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It stains intensely with Coomassie blue, but gives negative reactions to carbohydrate (periodic acid/Schiff reaction) and polyanions (alcian blue, colloidal iron, and carbocyanine). It is distinct from the major sialoglycoprotein of podocyte fuzzy coat, podocalyxin (11). Podoendin isolated and purified from endothelium of lungs appears to be identical with that from podocytes and endothelium of kidneys. Injection of mAb G4 into left ventricle of rats resulted in intense decoration of the endothelium and podocyte surface within 30 min. The decoration persisted throughout the 3-d period of observation. This was not accompanied by complement (C3) fixation. Preliminary results showed that the rats developed moderate proteinuria (100 mg/ml protein in urine), which was associated with the presence of hyaline droplets in renal tubules, on the third day. The proteinuria was not accompanied by effacement of podocyte pedicels. There were no morphologic alterations indicating glomerular or vascular injury in the kidneys.

scholarly journals Histochemical and Autoradiographic Studies on the Effects of Aging on the Mucopolysaccharides of the Periosteum

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar A. Tonna ◽  
Eugene P. Cronkite
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Schiff Reaction ◽  
Effects Of Aging

An autoradiographic study was made using S35-sulfate for the localization, distribution, and variation in the mucopolysaccharide content of the femoral periosteum of rats from birth to old age. The mucopolysaccharides were also studied histochemically, using toluidine blue O, Rinehart and Abu'l-Haj's colloidal iron method, and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, before and after hyaluronidase treatment. Autoradiograms revealed the uptake of S35 particularly in the vicinity of the preosseous zone and adjacent osteoblasts. This labelling was highest at the period of rapid bone growth. With increasing age, the S35 uptake became progressively less. The preosseous zone showed γ-metachromatic staining at all ages after treatment with toluidine blue. Active osteoblasts were mostly orthochromatic, however, ß-metachromasia was exhibited at a later age. Abundant amounts of intra- and extracellular mucopolysaccharides of both the acid and neutral type were demonstrated in the periosteum. S35 uptake and γ-metachromasia show the presence of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, of which chondroitin sulfate predominates in the preosseous zone. Since S35 uptake is high in active osteoblasts, the inability to demonstrate metachromasia in osteoblasts may indicate either that chondroitin sulfate is liberated as fast as it is being produced, or that it may be present within the cells in a precursor form not detectable by histochemical methods.

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