scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIGESTION WITH STREPTOMYCES HYALURONIDASE UPON CERTAIN HISTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF HYALURONIC ACID-CONTAINING TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYORI YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Azure A ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

The effect of digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase upon certain histochemical reactions of hyaluronic acid-containing tissues has been studied in a series of human, mammalian and avian specimens. These histochemical reactions are those for the demonstration of neutral and sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucosaccharides such as periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue (pH 1.0), azure A (pH 1.5), high iron diamine, aldehyde fuchsin, Alcian Blue (pH 2.5), Alcian Blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff, azure A (pH 4.5), low iron diamine and colloidal iron. In addition, the effect of digestion with testicular hyaluronidase upon the same reactions of the same tissues was observed for comparison. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase diminishes the staining reactions due to hyaluronic acid but fails to affect those for neutral and sulfated acid mucosaccharides. These results indicate that digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase is a method of choice for the identification of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.

scholarly journals CORRELATED HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING AND S35O4= LABELING OF SALIVARY GLAND MUCOSUBSTANCES

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. JOHN LEPPI ◽  
SAMUEL S. SPICER ◽  
JACQUELINE G. HENSON ◽  
JOSEPHINE FIORAVANTI
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

Correlated histochemical and autoradiographic studies were conducted on rat, rabbit, cat and dog salivary glands. Mucous acini of rat minor sublingual (SL) rabbit SL and cat posterior SL and submandibular (SM) glands were stained by Alcian Blue at pH 1.0, aldehyde fuchsin or the high iron diamine technique. The distribution of cells with this type of basophilia corresponded with that of cells shown autoradiographically to incorporate S35O4= and accordingly to contain sulfomucin. The lack of periodic acid-Schiff and alcohol-resistant metachromasia at pH 0.5 of rabbit SL mucin resembles connective tissue mucopolysaccharide. Some mucous acini of the dog posterior SL gland incorporate S35-sulfate and the distribution of isotope-labeled acini correlates with that of acini showing histochemical staining indicative of sulfomucin. The remainder of mucous acini in this gland do not show uptake of radiosulfate, but have alcianophilia that is reduced by sialidase digestion. All of the mucous acini of dog SM gland show correspondence of staining for sulfomucin with S35O4–, incorporation. The seromucous demilunes of this gland manifest sialidase-labile alcianophilia. The staining of sulfomucin and S35 labeling in each of the salivary glands studied are eliminated by a 4-hr methylation at 60°C.

Advanced Gastric Carcinoma With a Complete Intestinal Metaplasia Phenotype Associated With Early Intestinal-Type Carcinoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Francisco Rivera-Hueto ◽  
Encarnación Lag-Asturiano ◽  
JoséC. Utrilla-Alcolea ◽  
Juan M. Herrerías-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Advanced Gastric Carcinoma

Abstract An unusual case of synchronous gastric carcinomas occurred in a 28-year-old man with a family history of gastric disease. Two tumor foci were identified: a well-differentiated advanced carcinoma with the phenotypic properties of complete intestinal metaplasia and an early intestinal-type carcinoma. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains to demonstrate complete intestinal metaplasia, ie, Alcian blue pH 2.5/periodic acid–Schiff, high iron diamine/Alcian blue pH 2.5, CD10, and MUC2, were all positive in the advanced adenocarcinoma. Of all markers used, only high iron diamine/Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 0.5 were positive in the early carcinoma. In these cases, mistakes frequently are made during examination of endoscopic biopsies. Fortunately, the advanced adenocarcinoma was low grade (the patient has shown no signs of disease at 6 years postsurgery). Histopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings suggest that an extensive substrate of complete intestinal metaplasia (corpus) and of complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia (antrum) can be associated with two independent tumors with different phenotypes.

scholarly journals SOME HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM OF MAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENITO MONIS ◽  
HOWARD D. DORFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucous Coat

This report deals with a histochemical characterization of transitional epithelium of the urinary tract of man. The cytoplasm of cells of the innermost, luminal layer is distinctly stained by the periodic acid-Schiff procedure. Enhanced staining of the luminal border of these cells suggests the presence of a differentiation of the luminal surface ( surface mucous coat) which is selectively stained by Alcian Blue and colloidal iron. The alcianophilic surface mucous coat is seen in the innermost layer of transitional epithelial cells of the urinary tract extending from the area cribrosa down to the bladder. This indicates the presence of an acid mucinous component. Digestion with neuraminidase according to the procedure of Spicer and Warren demonstrates the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) in the free cell surface of the luminal layer of transitional epithelium of man. There is abundant glycogen in transitional epithelium of man. A very characteristic basement membrane underlies transitional epithelium. It reacts with periodic acid-Schiff and often with Alcian Blue. The neuraminidase digestion does not alter the staining of basement membrane with Alcian Blue. This suggests the presence of a sialidase-resistant form of sialomucin or a sulfomucin in basement membrane. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff-positive, nondigestible granules closely corresponds to acid phosphatase-reactive granules, presumably lysosomes. Within the transitional epithelium there were lacunae which contained abundant sialomucins. These structures have been described in old textbooks of histology but do not seem to be a normal component of transitional epithelium. The significance of these structures is unknown.

scholarly journals HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. REES MIDGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin

Luteinizing hormone (LH) was localized immunohistochemically to cells in the pars anterior and pars tuberalis of the human pituitary gland. Upon restaining with a variety of histochemical procedures, LH-containing cells were found to be aldehyde fuchsin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive; however, the intensity of histochemical staining failed to correlate with that of fluorescence. Only a few of the PAS- or aldehyde fuchsin-positive cells contained LH. In contrast to the above, with the performic acid-alcian blue-PAS-organge G sequence of Adams, all cells containing LH were turquoise colored, alcian blue-positive (S1 mucoid cells) and vice versa. This study was performed with antiserum specific for human chorionic gonadotropin which was shown to cross react in immunodiffusion analysis with purified human pituitary luteinizing hormone and to be capable of neutralizing its biological activity.

scholarly journals Histochemical and biometric study of the gastrointestinal system of Hyla orientalis (Bedriaga, 1890) (Anura, Hylidae)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Akat ◽  
H. Arıkan ◽  
B. Göçmen
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

This study was carried out to assess the localization of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the distribution of glycoproteins in the gastrointestinal system of adult Hyla orientalis. Histochemical analysis of the gastrointestinal system in H. orientalis showed that mucous content included glycogene and/or oxidable dioles [periodic acid/Schiff (PAS)+], neutral or acid-rich (PAS/AB pH 2.5+), sialic acid residues (KOH/PAS+) and acid sulphate [Aldehyde fuchsin (AF)+] glycoproteins. However the mucus content was not the same in stomach, small and large intestine. The mucus content of stomach included only glycogene and/or oxidable dioles and sialic acid residues. Besides these histochemical methods, the localization of HA was detected using biotinylated hyaluronic acid binding protein labeled with streptavidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). In the extracellular matrix of the submucosa, the reaction for HA was evident. Since HA was located in submucosa beneath the epithelial layer of gastrointestinal system, it has a significant role in hydric balance, and essential to provide the gastrointestinal system integrity and functionality. According to biometric results, there were statistical differences between small and large intestine in terms of the amount of material stained positive with PAS/AB, PAS, KOH/PAS and AF/AB. Additionally, number of goblet cells in the small and large intestine was significantly different.

scholarly journals DIAMINE METHODS FOR DIFFERENTIATING MUCOSUBSTANCES HISTOCHEMICALLY

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. SPICER
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Mucous Layer ◽  
Para Isomer ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Golgi Zone ◽  
Acid Mucosubstances

A mixture of N,N-dimethyl- m-phenylenediamine (HCI)2 with the para isomer at pH 3.5-4.0 stains acid mucosubstances selectively. Various sialomucins as well as sulfomucins differ in their reactivity with this mixed diamine reagent and in the manner in which the pH and ionic strength of the solution affect their staining. Prior periodate oxidation eliminates or markedly decreases the staining of some sulfo- and sialomucins but has no influence on the reactivity of others. Both sulfated mucosaccharides and sialomucins differ also according to whether or not their affinity for azure A, colloidal iron or alcian blue persists following periodate oxidation and exposure to the meta diamine. Azurophilia of nuclei at pH 4.0 is abolished by meta diamine used after Feulgen hydrolysis. Ferric chloride added to a solution of both diamines allows selective demonstration of most acid mucosubstances. This "low iron" diamine method followed by alcian blue stains sulfomucins and many sialomucins black, but other sialomucins blue. Some epithelia contain a mixture of blue and black-stained sialomucins. A variant technique uses a higher concentration of iron and diamines. This colors most sulfomucins black while leaving nonsulfated acid mucosubstances unstained. This high iron diamine method followed by alcian blue stains sulfomucins black and sialomucins blue. Results with the "high iron" diamine-alcian blue sequence indicate that sulfomucin occurs in some sites and sialomucin in others; in many epithelia a mixture of the two mucosubstances coexists either in the same on in different cells. Similar differentiation was obtainable also in many but not all sites with either the combination aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue procedure on by assessment of differences between the results of alcian blue pH 2.5-PAS and alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS sequences. Applied to the surface mucous layer of certain intestinal and genitourinary epithelia, the methods differentiate areas of sulfomucin content alternating with others of sialomucin content. This is believed to indicate biogenesis of this secretion in the Golgi zone of nongoblet epithelial cells since staining of the surface mucous layer parallels that in the Golgi zone and often not that of neighboring goblet cells.

Comparative Effects of Parathyroid Extract and Turpentine Abscesses on the Serum Glycoproteins and the Polysaccharides of the Kidney

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Shetlar ◽  
R. Palmer Howard ◽  
Walter Joel ◽  
Dorothy C. Bowling ◽  
Clara L. Shetlar
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Histochemical Changes

Studies were made of the time relationships existing between administration of parathyroid extract to rats, the elevation of serum glycoproteins and the deposition of polysaccharide and calcium in the kidney. Statistically significant elevations of seromucoid occured 18 hours after the injection of turpentine and 24 hours after the first injection of parathyroid extract. These data may indicate that the effects of parathyroid extracts and turpentine on seromucoid differ. Statistically significant elevations of the serum glycoproteins other than seromucoid occurred at 36 hours in both groups. The first histochemical changes in the kidney were noted 36 hours after the first injection of parathyroid extract. Intratubular lesions were noted which contained both calcium and material which stained with periodic-acid-Schiff reagent (PAS), colloidal iron and Alcian blue. Later (48 hr. after injection) another type of lesion which stained only with PAS and did not contain calcium was noted. Consequently, no definite evidence was found for the occurrence of a polysaccharide-containing lesion prior to calcification. Only cloudy swelling of the tubules was noted in the kidneys of rats injected with turpentine. Since the injection of turpentine resulted in elevated seromucoid and other serum glycoprotein levels, it is concluded that such elevations do not result per se in kidney damage.

scholarly journals Histochemical Study of Cutaneous Mucins in Hypothyroid Dogs

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Doliger ◽  
M. Delverdier ◽  
J. Moré ◽  
L. Longeart ◽  
A. Régnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Pas Reaction ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

A dermal mucinoisis, visualized as dermal alcianophilic material, is occasionally present in canine hypothyroidism (myxedema). Various histochemical reactions (alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff [PAS], alcian blue at pH 2.6, alcian blue at pH 1.0, critical electrolytical concentrations with and without dimethylsulfoxide, differential hydrolysis by hyaluronidases) were performed on skin biopsies from six dogs (four females and two males ranging from 8 to 13 years) affected by hypothyroidism, all of them presenting dermal mucinosis in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. In these dogs, the only polysaccharide compound involved in the dermal mucinosis was hyaluronic acid. In this study, hyaluronic acid dermal deposits of hypothyroid dogs were significantly different from those of controls in subepidermal connective tissue and loose reticular connective tissue but not in periadnexal zones. We recommend the combined alcian blue/PAS reaction as a routine technique to assess dermal mucinosis in hypothyroid dogs.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF MUCOSUBSTANCES IN THE DEVELOPING RAT HEART

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 896-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER R. MARKWALD ◽  
WILLIAM N. ADAMS SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells

Mucosubstances (MS) were examined in 10½-14½-day embryonic rat hearts utilizing nonaqueous fixatives or formaldehyde vapor-fixed frozen sections hydrated in concentrated solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride. Ribonuclease-resistant, polyanionic sites were limited to the extracellular cardiac jelly, endocardium and fibroblastic cells (cushion tissue) associated with the endocardium. The cardiac jelly and endocardium of day 10½ embryos principally contained a hyaluronic acid-like carboxylated mucosubstance whose alcianophilia at pH 2.5 was abolished by hyaluronidase but was resistant to NaOH extraction and neuraminidase and trypsin digestion. A critical electrolyte concentration of 0.2 M MgCl2 abolished alcianophilia. On days 13½-14½ carboxylated MS were restricted to cushion tissue and partially resisted mild methylation. Sulfated MS were limited to primitive endocardial cells which gave origin to cushion tissue. Dye deposits of aldehyde fuchsin, high iron diamine or Alcian Blue (pH 1.0) were localized on cell surfaces and such staining was prevented by strong (60°C) methylation. Hyaluronidase sensitivity of sulfated MS decreased with gestation. The critical electrolyte concentration varied from 0.5-0.7 M MgCl2 on days 11½-12½ to 0.8-0.9 M MgCl2 after day 12½. The sulfated MS of endocardial cells were preceded by a transitory accumulation of diastase-resistant, periodic acid-Schiff-positive material. Possible roles of MS in normal and abnormal cardiac septation processes are discussed.

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