scholarly journals EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CHANGES IN THE BASE COMPOSITION OF THE RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS OF ISOLATED NERVE CELLS AND THEIR OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endre Egyházi ◽  
Holger Hydén
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of tricyano-amino-propene, a dimer of malononitrile, on the base composition of the RNA in isolated Deiters' nerve cells and their oligodendroglial cells has been studied using a microelectrophoretic method. Tri-a-p in a dose of 20 mg/kg has the effect of increasing the RNA and protein content per nerve cell by 25 per cent and decreasing the glia RNA by 45 per cent. The RNA base composition of the nerve cells from the control animals differs from that of their glial cells. The guanine of the nerve cell is significantly higher than that of the glia, but the content of cytosine is higher in the glia than in the RNA of nerve cell. The cytosine of nerve cells decreased significantly after tri-a-p administration. In the glial cells the cytosine showed a 20 per cent increase, and the guanine a 25 per cent decrease. Tri-a-p sharpened the difference in RNA composition already existing between the control nerve cells and their glial cells by almost 300 per cent for the guanine and by 400 per cent for the cytosine. The chemical and functional relationship between the nerve cell and its oligodendroglial cells is discussed.

scholarly journals EARLY AND DELAYED REACTION OF BCL-2+ PROTEIN IN THE NERVE AND GLIAL CELLS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE CEREBRAL CORTEX IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS ON ACUTE CIRCULATORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Т. I. Kmet
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

The activity of antiapoptotic processes in neurons and glial cell sof the frontal lobe cerebral cortex has been studied according to the change sof Bcl-2+ protein content in rats with streptosotocin induced diabetes mellitus in the dynamics of ischemic-reperfusion cerebral injury. 20 minute ischemia with one hour reperfusion in animals without diabetes mellitus concerning the control has been found to intensify antiapoptotic potential of the nerve cells of the frontal lobe cortex at the expense of increased general content of Bcl-2+ protein, and glial cells — at the expense of increased amount of Bcl-2+-cells. On the 12th day of the post-ischemic period the activity of antiapoptotic processes in the nerve cells remains increased, and in glial cells it decreases by means of reducing concentration of Bcl-2+ protein. Streptosotocin induced diabetes during three months does not affect the areal density of Bcl-2+-nerve cells and the content of Bcl-2+ protein in them, although it increases the areal density of Bcl-2+-glial cells considerably with less substantial decrease of Bcl-2+ protein content in them as compared to the appropriate indices in rats without this pathology. The nerve cells of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex of rats with diabetes mellitus in early and delayed ischemic-reperfusion periods present the activation of antiapoptotic mechanisms at the expense of increase of both the number of Bcl-2+-cells and the content of Bcl-2+ protein in them; in Bcl-2+-glial cells on the 12th day of the experiment the content of Bcl-2+ protein decreases inconsiderably against their unchanged amount.

FRACTIONATION AND COMPOSITION OF RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS FROM SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Katona
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
P Values ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Analytical Results

A slightly modified variation of the Crestfield detergent method was used for isolation of the ribonucleic acids from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A detailed description of the method is given. Nine fractions were prepared and analyzed for RNA, DNA, and protein content. These analytical results, together with yields, ε(P) values, and detailed results of the base composition of the fractions are presented.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE BASE COMPOSITION OF NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEIC ACID OF NEURONS DURING A SHORT PERIOD OF ENHANCED PROTEIN PRODUCTION

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hydén ◽  
Endre Egyházi
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Purine Pyrimidine

Nuclei from isolated nerve cells were sampled by microdissection. The content and composition of the nuclear RNA was studied and compared with that of the cytoplasmic RNA of Deiters' nerve cells of rabbits. Analyses were made of control nerve cells and of cells in which an enhanced RNA and protein production had been induced by chemical means, tricyano-amino-propene, for 60 minutes. The nuclear RNA content of the control nerve cells was 56 µµg, i.e. 3 per cent of the total RNA content of the nerve cell. The base ratios were: adenine 21.3, guanine 26.6, cytosine 30.8, uracil 21.3. Purine-pyrimidine analyses showed that the nuclear RNA differed significantly from the cytoplasmic RNA in having higher adenine and uracil values. The guanine and cytosine values were high, however, and the ratio G/C was 0.86 as compared with 1.16 for the cytoplasmic RNA. The composition of the nuclear RNA was interpreted as reflecting the extraordinarily strong development of the nucleolus in these neurons. During the 60 minutes of enhanced neuronal RNA production (+25 per cent) the guanine value increased and the uracil value decreased significantly in the nuclear RNA. In the cytoplasmic RNA the guanine value also increased although not so much as the nuclear guanine. The cytoplasmic cytosine value decreased. The result indicated that the production of the characteristic cytoplasmic RNA had been influenced by the change in the nuclear RNA

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PSEUDORABIES (INFECTIOUS BULBAR PARALYSIS, MAD ITCH)

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Weston Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Intracerebral Inoculation ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
Nuclear Alterations ◽  
Cardinal Symptom ◽  
In Cells

The histology of pseudorabies differs materially in various animal species. In the rabbit, subcutaneous, intradermal or intramuscular inoculation leads to local inflammation and necrosis. The infection ascends the peripheral nerve (possibly both interstitially and by the axis-cylinders) to the corresponding spinal ganglia and segments of the spinal cord, where primary degeneration of nerve and glial cells takes place. The nerve cell changes are probably responsible for the cardinal symptom of the disease, itching. Death ensues soon after virus reaches the medulla, before visible changes have been produced here. Intracerebral inoculation is followed by characteristic lesions in the meninges, in subpial glial cells and in superficially placed nerve cells. Morbid changes in the lungs are not necessarily related to the presence of virus, but specific lesions may be present. Intranuclear inclusions bearing some resemblance to those in herpetic encephalitis, yellow fever, etc., occur in cells derived from all embryonic layers. The disease in the guinea pig resembles closely that in the rabbit and is modified only by the slightly greater resistance of the animal. In the monkey after intracerebral inoculation, widespread degeneration and necrosis of cortical nerve cells are accompanied by the appearance of specific nuclear alterations in nerve and glial cells, but not in cells of mesodermal origin. No lesions are found in other viscera. In the spontaneous disease in the cow lesions approximate more closely to those in the monkey than to those in the rabbit. In the pig vascular and interstitial lesions predominate, nerve cell degeneration is relatively slight and typical inclusions are not observed. These differences probably explain the benign course of the malady following subcutaneous inoculation in this animal. The lymphatic system, too, participates in the reaction to the virus.

scholarly journals A KINETIC STUDY OF THE NEURON-GLIA RELATIONSHIP

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Hydén ◽  
Paul W. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Lateral Vestibular Nucleus

Kinetic studies have been performed on the activity of the succinate oxidizing enzyme complex in living nerve cells and glial cells after increasing duration of stimulation. The nerve cells and glia of the lateral vestibular nucleus were used. The results show a clear difference between the neuron and its surrounding glia. The nerve cell reacted by highly increasing the capacity of the electron transporting system, reflecting an increased consumption of energy as a function of the stimulation. The glia, in contrast, did not change in this respect.

Comparative Study of Size, Total Protein, Fibrinogen and 5-HT Content of Human and Canine Platelet Density Subpopulations

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mezzano ◽  
Eduardo Aranda ◽  
Arnaldo Foradori
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Artifactual Changes ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe size, total protein, fibrinogen and 5-HT content were evaluated in density subpopulations of human and canine platelets fractionated in linear arabinogalactan gradients. The methodology was assessed to ascertain that platelet separation was by density and to discard artifactual changes and platelet release during the procedure. EDTA or PGEi increased the size of human PRP-platelets, but not of dog platelets. In humans, high density (HD) platelets were 1.26 times larger and contained 1.88 times more fibrinogen, 2.23 times more 5-HT and 1.37 times more protein than low density (LD) platelets; in dogs, these density cohorts did not differ in protein content, but LD platelets were 1.29 times larger and had 1.33 times more fibrinogen and 5-HT than HD platelets. These findings suggest that cell density is mostly dependent on the protein content per unit volume of platelets (and not on dense bodies). The differences in fibrinogen and 5-HT content between HD and LD cohorts in humans and dogs may be related to platelet age. The difference in volume between HD and LD platelets in dogs is of uncertain interpretation.

A.F. De Mezer Posthumous changes in nerve cells, detected by staining according to Nissl. —University Izvestiya. 1900, August, No.8

1901 ◽  
Vol IX (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynsky
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The University

The work was carried out in the laboratory of the pathological anatomical institute of the University of St. Vladimira. First, the author describes the structure of the nerve cell, which is detected by staining by the Nissl method, and he separately stops at describing the structure of the processes, nucleus and nucleolus.

Hyperprolactinemia prevents short photoperiod-induced changes in brown fat

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R174-R180
Author(s):  
K. S. Kott ◽  
B. J. Moore ◽  
L. Fournier ◽  
B. A. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
The Right ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Previous studies demonstrated that short photoperiod exposure significantly decreases circulating prolactin levels. The present study investigated the possibility that concomitant changes in brown fat tissue mass, protein content, thermogenic capacity, and carcass composition are dependent on this change in prolactin levels. Male golden (Syrian) hamsters were sham operated and exposed to a short (10L:14D) or long (14L:10D) photoperiod. A third group was implanted with exogenous pituitaries under the right kidney capsule and exposed to a short photoperiod. In experiment I, 4 wk of short- vs. long-photoperiod exposure did not result in significant changes in circulating prolactin levels, nor was there an increase in brown fat mass, protein content, or thermogenic capacity. Four weeks of short-photoperiod exposure did significantly increase carcass lipid content. However, this increase did not occur in hamsters exposed to 4 wk of short photoperiod but made hyperprolactinemic (implanted with two exogenous pituitaries). Ten weeks of short photoperiod significantly reduced circulating prolactin levels. Concomitantly, brown fat mass, protein content, and thermogenic capacity, as well as carcass fat, were increased. These short-photoperiod-induced changes were not observed in similarly exposed hamsters that were made hyperprolactinemic via two implanted pituitaries. In experiment II, similar changes in brown fat and body composition occurred in sham-operated hamsters exposed to 10 wk of short photoperiod. These changes were prevented in hamsters exposed to 10 wk of short photoperiod but made hyperprolactinemic via only one implanted pituitary. These results suggest that decreased prolactin is a necessary condition for the increased brown fat mass, protein content, and thermogenic capacity that occurs when golden hamsters are exposed to short photoperiod.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document