Albugo tragopogonis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Albugo tragopogonis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On members of Compositae only (Jorstad, 1964). DISEASE: White rust of salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius). Mostly infecting the leaves, rarely the stem (38, 674; 43, 62. 2797). Sometimes very damaging (45, 471). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (51, 2749; 43, 2797). USA. S. America, Canada, Europe, Asia and Africa (Wilson, 1907). TRANSMISSION: Through overwintering oospores in soil and plant debris. Sporangia disseminated through rain-splash or wind.

Albugo candida. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Mukerji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
White Blister

Abstract A description is provided for Albugo candida. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On members of Cruciferae and Capparidaceae and also on leaves of Reseda alba (Jorstad, 1964). DISEASE: White blister or white rust of crucifers. Infection occurs mostly in young plants. White chalky pustules present all over the plant except the roots. Often causes damage to cabbage and its varieties and other crucifers (25, 416; 32, 100; 39, 334; 51, 813). The attacked parts often show marked hypertrophy, especially of the inflorescence. In rare instances galls have been found on roots of radish, contining oospores and globular haustoria (30, 194; 32, 81, 192; 33, 459). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide where hosts are present. TRANSMISSION: Primary infection is by zoospores from germinating zoospores left in the soil or plant debris from a previous crop (Butler & Jones, 1949; 34, 69, 336; 38, 582; 39, 753). Wind-borne sporangia also germinate by formation of zoospores.

Septoria oenotherae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Far East ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Apparent Infection Rate ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria oenotherae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. In seed stocks, conidiomata are usually encountered on fragments of pods, stems or leaves, and only rarely on the seeds (SIMPSON et al., 1995). Development of S. oenotherae leads to severe blight, with drying of all the leaves starting from the bottom of the plant. This reduces vitality of the plant, and may cause its death. HOSTS: Calylophus sp., Camissonia sp., Gaura sp., Godetia grandiflora, Ludwigia sp., Oenothera biennis (syn. : Onagra biennis), Oenothera decumbens, O. lamarkiana, O. muricata, O. odorata, O. sinuata (Onagraceae). [Type host - Oenothera biennis.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Russia (Far East). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected plant débris and seed stocks. Septoria oenotherae can be transmitted by infected débris in evening primrose seed stock; disease progress may then be influenced by variety, sanitation and chemical fungicides; further, the low rL (apparent infection rate) values can be taken as indicative of a primarily rain-splash spread disease (SIMPSON et al, 1999).

Pseudomonas phaseolicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Pseudomonas Phaseolicola ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Stem Girdling

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Phaseolus vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. lunatus var. macrocarpus, P. multiflorus, Pueraria thunbergiana (9: 424). Also Glycine max on inoculation (32: 114). Phaseolus atropurpureus is recorded as a natural secondary host in Queensland (42: 298). DISEASE: Halo spot or halo blight. On seeds, pods (especially the sutures), leaves and stem, and also causing stem girdling or wilt. Frequently referred to as grease spot in Europe because of the dark green spots appearing on the pods. The symptoms of halo blight are very similar to common blight (Xanthomonas phaseoli; CMI Descripts. 46). Distinguishing signs are given by the exudate, when present, which is yellow in common blight and light cream or silver coloured in halo blight. In halo blight a single water-soaked spot may be at the centre of a halo-like zone 2.5 cm diam. Systemic infection often results in foliar mosaic and leaf malformation (35: 807). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread and probably in most countries where dwarf beans are grown (CMI Map 85, Ed. 2 19S6). TRANSMISSION: On the surface of seed or between the seed coat and cotyledons. Also spread in the field by wind-driven rain splash which may carry inoculum as far as 85 ft. from a point source (43, 2141). Wounds are not a necessary prerequisite for infection which normally occurs through the stomata. The pathogen may be spread by overhead sprinkler irrigation in a late maturing crop in arid regions (34: 339), but not by furrow irrigation. Pseudomnas phaseolicola does not appear to survive the winter in soil or plant debris (26: 41, 373) but may overwinter in cankers of living kudzuvine (Pueraria thunbergiana) (7: 585).

Phoma medicaginis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma medicaginis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Probably an opportunisitic pathogen and saprobe, while var. macrospora is more strongly pathogenic towards M. sativa. Contributory to causing (spring) black stem of forage legumes (mainly Medicago, possibly also Melilotus and Trifolium), involving seedling blight, stem canker, root rot and leaf spot. It develops as long dark lesions on petioles and stems, later encircling whole stems and spreading to cause crown and foot rot. HOSTS: On leaves, petioles, stems, roots and seeds of possibly a wide range of plants. However, many records require verification. The main host plant is Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), but also recorded on Melilotus and other Papilionaceae, including Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lathyrus, Lens, Phaseolus, Pisum, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia and Vigna. Non-leguminous host plants include Anacardium, Annona, Beta, Brassica, Chrysanthemum, Curcuma, Cyperus, Fragaria, Juniperus, Lycopersicon, Madhuca, Nicotiana, Phlox, Saccharum, Solanum, Striga, Themeda, Zea and Zinnia. Also reported from soil and indeterminate plant debris and from human scalp. While many records refer only to P. medicaginis s. lat., records for var. macrospora appear to indicate that it occurs more specifically on M. sativa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne on plant debris with infection of new plants by rain splash. Probably also seed-borne if pods become infected.

Rhizopus microsporus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sarbhoy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Rhizopus Microsporus

Abstract A description is provided for Rhizopus microsporus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil and plant debris, also pathogenic for animals (causing mycoses). DISEASES: Man and Animals. A cause of phycomycosis (syn. 'mucormycosis') in man; see Neame & Rayner (RMVM 4, 882). On the horse, swine (generalized infection) and bovine fetus (fide Dodge (1936, p. 115) as R. equinus) and gastric infection in the pig (Gitter & Austwick, Vet. Rec. 71: 6-11, 1959). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: European countries and South Africa. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.

Erwinia mallotivora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Mallotus Japonicus ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia mallotivora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot. The disease starts as water-soaked spots on the newly developing leaves in May and June. The spots tend to form close to the main veins. They enlarge and become angular as they are restricted by the veins, becoming dark brown, and often with a chlorotic halo about 1 mm wide. Spots may coalesce and kill the leaf, and shoot blight may also occur. Under humid conditions bacteria may exude on to the leaf surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Unknown, but presumably rain splash plays a part at least in secondary spread.

Leptosphaeria cylindrospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Leptosphaeria cylindrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although the fungus appears on dry stems of its host, it is not known to cause any pathological symptoms. HOSTS: Epilobium (Onagraceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Manitoba), USA (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Washington). ASIA: Kazakhstan (VASYAGINA et al., 1987). EUROPE: Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania (BONTEA, 1955), Sweden, Switzerland. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are dispersed by wind and rain-splash; the fungus presumably overwinters on dead host tissue and the ascospores are dispersed in the next favourable season.

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

Peronospora rumicis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Roll Back

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora rumicis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Emex spinosa, Polygonum convolvulus, Rumex acetosa, R. acetosella, R. alpestris (= R. arifolius), R. auriculatus, R. aviculare, R. hastatus, R. lunaria, R. longifolius, R. montanus, R. patienta, R. polyanthemus, R. repens, R. scutatus, R. thyrsifolius, R. tuberosus, R. vesicarius. DISEASE: Downy mildew of Rumex. Both leaves and flowers are infected. On R. acetosella, the plant remains upright following infection and the upper leaves crumple. In other Rumex species, infected leaves become covered in a very dense layer of violet-coloured felt on their undersurface, whereas a grey felt layer develops on flowers. Leaves become yellowish and their margins roll back (39, 159). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Libya, Morocco, South Africa. Asia-Temperate: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Stavropol. Asia-Tropical: India. Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Estonia, Faeroes, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Yaroslavl), Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Scotland), Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By conidia which are dispersed by wind or rain-splash. Mycelium perennates in the root.

Puccinia psidii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Puccinia Psidii ◽  
Guava Rust ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia psidii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Pimenta officinalis and Psidium guajava, also on Callistemon speciosus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eugenia jambos, E. malaccensis, E. uvalha, Marlierea edulis, Myrcia spp., Myrciaria jaboticaba and Pimenta acris. DISEASE: Guava rust. Attacks foliage, inflorescences and young succulent twigs of pimento and Eucalyptus, and foliage and fruit of guava, causing severe defoliation under certain conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Central America and Caribbean (Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela). (CMI Map 181, Ed. 2, 1949 & Herb. IMI.) TRANSMISSION: Urediospores disseminated by rain-splash in Jamaica (41: 569).

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