Pythium graminicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Collar And Root Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium graminicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Agropyron cristatum, Avena saliva, Bromus inermis, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza saliva, Panicum miliaceum, Phleum pratense, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Setaria glauca, Sorghum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays. DISEASE: Seedling blight, collar and root rot of wheat, maize, sugar-cane, and other Gramineae. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Mauritius, South Africa, Sudan); Asia (Ceylon, India, Indonesia, Malaya, Philippines, Taiwan); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (England, France, Italy); North America (Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (British Honduras, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Salvador); South America (Argentina). (CMI Map 296) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Most prevalent at depth of 3-6 in. and infrequent at 27-30 in. (38: 396), surviving in soil as oospores whose germination is stimulated by contact with growing roots of gramineous plants. Host roots may thus be used as traps for isolating the pathogen from the soil (37: 649; 41: 583).

Cytospora sacchari. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Sheath Rot ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract A description is provided for Cytospora sacchari. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mostly on sheaths, also on cuttings, young shoots, stems and stubble of Saccharum officinarum, S. spontaneum and Holcus sorghum (Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor]). DISEASE: Sheath rot of sugarcane (Cytospora rot). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with sugarcane but reported on Holcus sorghum (Taiwan). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by water borne conidia.

Phoma medicaginis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Rain Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma medicaginis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Probably an opportunisitic pathogen and saprobe, while var. macrospora is more strongly pathogenic towards M. sativa. Contributory to causing (spring) black stem of forage legumes (mainly Medicago, possibly also Melilotus and Trifolium), involving seedling blight, stem canker, root rot and leaf spot. It develops as long dark lesions on petioles and stems, later encircling whole stems and spreading to cause crown and foot rot. HOSTS: On leaves, petioles, stems, roots and seeds of possibly a wide range of plants. However, many records require verification. The main host plant is Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), but also recorded on Melilotus and other Papilionaceae, including Arachis, Cicer, Glycine, Lathyrus, Lens, Phaseolus, Pisum, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia and Vigna. Non-leguminous host plants include Anacardium, Annona, Beta, Brassica, Chrysanthemum, Curcuma, Cyperus, Fragaria, Juniperus, Lycopersicon, Madhuca, Nicotiana, Phlox, Saccharum, Solanum, Striga, Themeda, Zea and Zinnia. Also reported from soil and indeterminate plant debris and from human scalp. While many records refer only to P. medicaginis s. lat., records for var. macrospora appear to indicate that it occurs more specifically on M. sativa. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. CENTRAL AMERICA: West Indies. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Denmark, Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne on plant debris with infection of new plants by rain splash. Probably also seed-borne if pods become infected.

Pythium arrhenomanes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Pythium Arrhenomanes

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium arrhenomanes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On over 30 genera in the Gramineae. DISEASE: Seedling blight, pre-emergence rotting and root rot of maize, wheat, sugarcane and other Gramineae. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Bechuanaland, Mauritius); Asia (Philippines); Australasia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (Italy, U.S.S.R.); North America (Canada, U.S.A.); South America (Brazil). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

Cylindrocladium scoparium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seedling Root

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium scoparium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A very wide host range, mainly of woody plants, including conifers, but also extending to beet, strawberry and watermelon. Particularly notable as a pathogen of young eucalyptus and pine. DISEASE: Damping-off, seedling root-rot, seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, including North America (USA, Canada), South America (Brazil, Argentina), West Indies (Jamaica), Australia and New Zealand, Asia (India, Japan, Malaysia), Africa. TRANSMISSION: By microsclerotia and infected debris in the soil and by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia.

Pythium dissotocum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Dissotocum ◽  
Pilea Pumila

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium dissotocum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Root-rot, seedling damping-off; necrotrophic or parasitic on fishes. HOSTS: Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Lactuca sativa, Parthenium argentatum (Asteraceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Kummerowia stipulacea, Lupinus digitatus, L. polyphyllus, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae); Iris sp. (Iridaceae); Garya illinoensis (Juglandaceae); Hyacinthus cv., Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.); Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae); Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, F. vesca, Prunus persica (Rosaceae); Citrus nobilis (Rutaceae); Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae); Pilea pumila (Urticaceae). Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius gymnotrachelus, Perccottus glenii, Pseudorasbora parva (Pisces). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). ASIA: China, India, Indonesia (Sabah), Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Russia. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland). EUROPE: Great Britain, Iceland, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Glomerella cingulata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Glomerella cingulata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Reported frequently an Annona, apple, avocado, banana, cacao, Camellia, Capsicum, cherry, citrus (grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange), coffee, lupin, mango, papaw, pear, Piper, rubber, tea, tomato, vine, yams; also on many other cultivated and wild plants. DISEASE: Anthracnose of stems and leaves, dieback, root rot, leaf spot, blossom rot, fruit rot (dieback and ripe rot), seedling blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide, though more abundant in tropics and subtropics than in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Persists on and in seed, trash and weed hosts and is dispersed locally by water splash, air currents, insects or other form of contact. Frequently isolated from soil.

Fusarium equiseti. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tuber Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium equiseti. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fusarium equiseti has been isolated from a wide range of hosts, especially tropical hosts belonging to the following genera: Agave, Allium, Apium, Arachis, Beta, Brassica, Cajanus, Carica, Chrysanthemum, Cicer, Citrullus, Citrus, Cocos, Coffea, Cola, Crotalaria, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Cupressus, Daucus, Dianthus, Elaeis, Eucalyptus, Ficus, Fragaria, Glycine, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hevea, Hordeum, Linum, Luffa, Lycopersicon, Macadamia, Mangifera, Manihot, Musa, Nicotiana, Oryza, Panicum, Papaver, Pennisetum, Phaseolus, Pinus, Pisum, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Solanum, Sorghum, Theobroma, Trifolium, Triticum, Vicia, Vigna, Zea, Zingiber; also widespread in soil. DISEASE: Pathogenic to cucurbits and avocado (54, 2536; 52, 2674; 50, 3350). Causes tuber rot of Cycas (54, 168) and stalk rot of maize (54, 4915). Also isolated from diseased Piper (52, 1993) and mung bean (Phaseolus aureus[Vigna radiata], 50, 397). Pathogenic to cereals during seedling stage (56, 3493) and also causing root rot (56, 2487). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide; very frequent in tropical and subtropical areas but occurs also in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Infection and stalk rot of maize caused by F. equiseti appears to be by air-borne spores (54, 4915) although in most occurrences wounding or damage to the host appears to be necessary for infection (53, 4642). Infected soil may cause seedling blight (50, 1397).

Gloeocercospora sorghi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Agrostis Canina

Abstract A description is provided for Gloeocercospora sorghi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor]; besides the main host it has been reported from Agrostis canina (bent grass), Agrostis palustris, Agrostis tenuis, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum glaucum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum typhoides, Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum halapensis, Sorghum sudanense, Vetiveria zizanioides, Zea mays. DISEASE: Zonate leaf spot was first reported from Sorghum vulgare[Sorghum bicolor] in 1943 from Louisiana; on turf grasses it is known as copper spot. On sorghum the initial lesions are red-brown, water-soaked and sometimes with a narrow, pale green halo. The lesions enlarge, become dark-red (on some vars. dark brown) and elongate parallel to the veins. Possibly by coalescence, semi-circular, irregular lesions (several cm diam.) are formed. Smaller spots have a light brown centre surrounded by a reddish border, but larger ones may have alternate light and dark zones, and the whole leaf can be covered. Often younger, red lesions are so numerous as to form red blotches. The pinkish, gelatinous, conidial fructifications (over the stomata) are easily visible. Spherical sclerotia (0.1-0.2 mm diam.) form within the tissue, in a somewhat linear fashion. On bent grass small, irregular, copper tinted spots become coalescent. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical Africa, also in south west USA, parts of C. & S. America, India, Japan and N.E. Australia, (CMI Map 339, ed. 2, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Probably soil-borne in crop residue and also seed-borne (29: 556). Infected seed may have caused an outbreak in Venezuela (29: 97).

Pythium mamillatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Viola Tricolor

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium mamillatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ageratum houstonianum, Agrostis stotonifera, Allium cepa, Ananas comosus, Antirrhinum majus, Aquilegia caerulea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica nigra, B. oleracea, Citrullus vulgaris, Collinsia bicolor, Cucumis sativus, Festuca duriuscula, Geum chiloense, Gossypium sp., Linum usitatissimum, Medicago sativa, Papaver somniferum, Pelargonium spp., Pisum sativum, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum, Viola tricolor and in soil. Also on algae (Cladophora sp., Glorocapsa sp.) on inoculation. DISEASE: Causes damping-off of seedlings and root rot of various hosts including the following crops, cauliflower, cotton, cocumber, flax, lucerne, mustard, oats, onion, pineapple, sugar beet, sugarcane and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Abundant in sandy nursery soils (44, 52). The pathogen has a restricted role as a pioneer colonizer of cultivated soil, surviving in organic matter as hyphal resting bodies (Barton, 1961). Oospore germination in response to exudates from living seedlings has also been demonstrated (Barton, 1957).

Cochliobolus nodulosus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Eleusine Indica

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus nodulosus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eleusine coracana[Eleusine indica] and E. indica. Also on Echinochloa frumentacea, Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum typhoideum Saccharum spp., Sorghum spp. and Zea mays. DISEASE: Seedling blight, foot rot and leaf blight of finger millet (Eleusine coracana[Eleusine indica] and E. indica). Elliptical to long rectangular spots form on the leaves, becoming coalescent, straw coloured with narrow red-brown margins. Spikes are infected and may collapse; grain does not form or is undeveloped. Systemic infection has been described for E. indica (37: 78). Many infected plants die in the seedling stage but others show the stunting caused by this type of infection. When older plants were inoculated systemic infection occurred in the new growth only; such plants may show some tillers to be infected and stunted whilst others are normal and healthy. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in E. and S. Africa, also Nigeria and Sierra Leone, in India, Formosa, Malaysia (Sarawak), Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka and USA (Ga, Md, Miss., S. Carol. and Va) (CMI Map 454, ed. 1, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne.

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