Pythium mamillatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Viola Tricolor

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium mamillatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ageratum houstonianum, Agrostis stotonifera, Allium cepa, Ananas comosus, Antirrhinum majus, Aquilegia caerulea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica nigra, B. oleracea, Citrullus vulgaris, Collinsia bicolor, Cucumis sativus, Festuca duriuscula, Geum chiloense, Gossypium sp., Linum usitatissimum, Medicago sativa, Papaver somniferum, Pelargonium spp., Pisum sativum, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum, Viola tricolor and in soil. Also on algae (Cladophora sp., Glorocapsa sp.) on inoculation. DISEASE: Causes damping-off of seedlings and root rot of various hosts including the following crops, cauliflower, cotton, cocumber, flax, lucerne, mustard, oats, onion, pineapple, sugar beet, sugarcane and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Abundant in sandy nursery soils (44, 52). The pathogen has a restricted role as a pioneer colonizer of cultivated soil, surviving in organic matter as hyphal resting bodies (Barton, 1961). Oospore germination in response to exudates from living seedlings has also been demonstrated (Barton, 1957).

Aphanomyces cladogamus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viola Tricolor

Abstract A description is provided for Aphanomyces cladogamus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Capsicum sp., Lactuca saliva, Linum sp., Lycopersicon esculenteum, Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Viola tricolor. DISEASE: Root rot of pepper, spinach, pansy, tomato and several other crop and garden plants. The fungus, a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen, attacks seeds (pre-emergence disease) and/or seedlings (post-emergence damping off). Affected plants develop a generalized wilt which becomes progressively more severe. In pepper, seeds are attacked and black lesions develop on hypocotyls of the surviving seedlings, often extending to the bases of the cotyledons (32, 360). In spinach, roots become covered in yellow to orange spots their tissues becoming soft and water-soaked. In pansies, the vascular cylinder develops a deep orange-reddish discoloration in which, in the early stages of infection, numerous oospores can be seen. Stem bases become extensively rotted and eventually the aerial organs collapse and shrivel (13, 379; 34, 370). In tomato plants, rootlet tips become discoloured and die back (6, 517). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Sweden. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA (MD, NC, NJ, VA, WA, WI). See CMI Distribution Maps of Plants Diseases 601. TRANSMISSION: Not reported. Presumably by zoospores and oogonia remaining in infected tissues. As the fungus appears to infect a wide range of plants, it may persist in the roots of weeds.

Pythium dissotocum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Dissotocum ◽  
Pilea Pumila

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium dissotocum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Root-rot, seedling damping-off; necrotrophic or parasitic on fishes. HOSTS: Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Lactuca sativa, Parthenium argentatum (Asteraceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Kummerowia stipulacea, Lupinus digitatus, L. polyphyllus, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae); Iris sp. (Iridaceae); Garya illinoensis (Juglandaceae); Hyacinthus cv., Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.); Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae); Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, F. vesca, Prunus persica (Rosaceae); Citrus nobilis (Rutaceae); Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae); Pilea pumila (Urticaceae). Neogobius fluviatilis, Neogobius gymnotrachelus, Perccottus glenii, Pseudorasbora parva (Pisces). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA (Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). ASIA: China, India, Indonesia (Sabah), Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Russia. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Queensland). EUROPE: Great Britain, Iceland, Netherlands. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Pythium aphanidermatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium aphanidermatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts, often similar to those attacked by P. butleri, but inducing different symptoms, represented in the following families: Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Basellaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, Violaceae, Vitaceae, Zingiberaceae. DISEASES: Damping-off of various seedlings; 'cottony-leak' of cucurbit fruit in storage; 'cottony blight' of turf grasses; root and stalk rot of maize. Other hosts: tobacco, sugar-beet, sugar-cane, papaw, pineapple, ginger, bean and cotton. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Fernando, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan, Togo, Zambia); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia); North America (Canada, Mexico); Central America & West Indies (Antilles, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela); Europe Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Poland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia). (CMI Map 309) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Eggplant fruit become infected when blossom end is in contact with soil (5: 465). Readily isolated from soil using fresh potato cubes treated with streptomycin and pimaricin as baits (43, 1519; 43, 46) or seedling papaw roots in soil containing papaw tissue (43, 1720). Also recorded as seed-borne on tomato and cucurbits but doubtful whether seed-transmitted (see Noble et al., An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases, 1958, pp. 23, 25, 124).

Erwinia chrysanthemi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Aechmea Fasciata

Abstract A description is provided for Erwinia chrysanthemi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a number of widely different plants, including Aechmea fasciata, Aglaonema pictum, Ananas comosus, Begonia bertini, Chrysanthemum spp., Colocasia esculenta, Dahlia spp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Dieffenbachia spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima, Musa sp., Parthenium argentatum, Philodendron spp., Saccharum officinarum, Saintpaulia ionantha, Syngonium podophyllum and Zea mays. DISEASE: Symptoms are stunting, yellowing, wilting, necrosis of parenchyma or soft rotting according to host plant, pathotype and environmental conditions. Stunting and wilting usually appear on Begonia, Chrysanthemum, carnation, Dahlia and poinsettia. Rots appear on leaves of Aechmea, Philodendron and Saintpaulia, while various other parts show rotting with other hosts. On sugarcane a leaf mottle is produced. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The species is probably world wide, but the different distributions of the strains or pathotypes (see below) must be distinguished as follows: Dianthus: Europe (CMI Map 425, ed. 1, 1967) to which should be added Italy (46, 3461), USA (47, 2498) and New Zealand (52, 3341); Zea: Egypt, Sudan, Rhodesia, S. Africa, India, USA, France, Italy, possibly Greece; Chrysanthemum: UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, USA, Japan; Dahlia: Netherlands, Romania; Dieffenbachia: Germany, Italy, USA; Saintpaulia: France, Germany, USA; Begonia: Netherlands; Aechmea: Italy; Ananas: Malaysia; Colocasia: Solomon Islands; Musa: Central America and probably most other banana-growing areas; Philodendron, Parthenium, Euphorbia and Aglaonema: all confined to USA; Saccharum: Australia (Qd., NSW). TRANSMISSION: Usually in or on vegetative propagating material. Cuttings and setts from infected plants are frequently infected. Cutting knives may carry inoculum to healthy material. Transmission in soil and planting medium is also possible. Serious outbreaks have occurred after holding a large number of cuttings together in water prior to planting. The sugarcane pathogen is rapidly spread by flood water (48, 2533). Maize stalk rot is carried by water splash. It is often associated with overhead irrigation (48, 1675; 55, 204).

Calonectria scoparia. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Araucaria Heterophylla ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Stem Cankers

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria scoparia. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia spp. (68, 1566), Araucaria heterophylla, Eucalyptus spp., Fragaria sp., Luma sp., Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Persea americana, Pinus spp., Pisum sativum, Rhododendron spp., Prunus sp., Syncarpia gummifera. DISEASE: Damping off, root rot, cutting rot, stem cankers, leaf spotting, seedling and shoot blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind and splash dispersal.

Rosellinia arcuata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
White Mycelium

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia arcuata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous; important on Camellia sinensis. DISEASE: Black root rot mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but only of serious importance on tea (Camellia sinensis). The advancing edge of the mycelium is white, shading to black. On the root surface the black network of strands gives a woolly appearance and beneath the bark star-like fans of white mycelium spread out on the wood. On tea the fungus may spread up the stem fan a short distance; the bush often dies suddenly, the leaves remaining attached for some time. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Records of this fungus are apparently infrequent. It has been reported from Central African Republic, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Zaire Republic. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface organic litter and woody debris and possibly also through spores.

Monosporascus eutypoides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera

Abstract A description is provided for Monosporascus eutypoides. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Achyranthes aspera, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis melo, Sesamum indicum, Triticum sp. DISEASE: Root rot of melon and watermelons. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Israel, Libya, Pakistan.

Pythium butleri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Ginger Rhizome

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium butleri. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis pepo, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis (on inoculation), Zingiber officinalis. DISEASES: Foot rot of papaw; soft rot of ginger rhizome; damping-off of tobacco, tomato and chill); cottony rot of cucurbits (plants and fruits) and stem and pod rot of string-bean. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Equatorial and West); Asia (India) and North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne but may be propagated in diseased planting material in the case of ginger rhizomes.

Pythium deliense. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium deliense. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Hibiscus esculentus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum and Saccharum officinarum. Also on Capsicum annuum, Carica papaya, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Datura fastuosa, Petunia sp. and Solanum melongena on inoculation (Rangaswami, 1959; Herb. IMI). DISEASE: Causing damping-off of tomato seedlings, stem-burn of tobacco and fruit rot of okra. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Indonesia, Sumatra) and Australasia & Oceania (Australia, New Guinea, Papua); North America (? United States); Central America & West Indies (? N˜caragua). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne.

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