scholarly journals Iron absorption from experimental infant formulas based on pea (Pisum sativum)-protein isolate: the effect of phytic acid and ascorbic acid

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Triantafillia Dimitriou ◽  
Thomas Walczyk ◽  
Richard F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Pea Protein

Infant formula based on pea (Pisum sativum)-protein isolate has been suggested as an alternative to soyabean formula in countries where soyabean is not a native crop, or when soyabean protein cannot be used due to allergic reactions or intolerances. In the present study, Fe absorption from experimental infant formulas based on pea-protein isolate was measured in healthy non-anaemic young women. The influence of phytic acid and ascorbic acid on Fe absorption was evaluated, using a stable-isotope technique based on incorporation of Fe stable-isotope labels into erythrocytes 14 d after administration. Geometric mean Fe absorption increased from 20·7 (+1SD 41·6, -1sd 10·3) % to 33·1 (+1sd 58·6, -1sd 18·7) %; (P<0·0001; n 10) after enzymic degradation of virtually all phytic acid. Doubling the molar ratio Fe : ascorbic acid from 1 : 2·1 to 1 : 4·2 in the infant formula with native phytic acid content also increased Fe absorption significantly (P<0·0001; n 10); geometric mean Fe absorption increased from 14·8 (+1sd 32·1, -1sd 6·8) % to 22·1 (+1sd 47·2, -1sd 10·4) %. These results confirm the inhibitory and enhancing effects of phytic acid and ascorbic acid respectively on Fe absorption, but also indicate relatively high fractional Fe absorption from the pea-protein-based formulas. After adjusting for differences in Fe status, our data indicate that Fe absorption from dephytinised pea protein might be less inhibitory than dephytinised soyabean protein as measured in a previous study ().

scholarly journals A comparison of iron absorption in adults and infants consuming identical infant formulas

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Hurrell ◽  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Manju Reddy ◽  
Peter Kastenmayer ◽  
James D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Fe Isotopes ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Isotope Technique

Fe absorption was estimated in adults and infants from the erythrocyte incorporation of Fe isotopes added to infant formula. Fe absorption was measured in adults using radioisotopes, and in infants with a stable-isotope technique. In adults, the geometric mean Fe absorption from a ready-to-feed soya formula with its native phytic acid content was 2·4%. This increased to 6·0% (P< 0·05) after almost complete dephytinization. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 3·9 and 8·7% respectively from the same products (P<0·05). In adults, mean Fe absorption from a spray-dried soya formula containing 110mg ascorbic acid/I was 4·1%, increasing to 5·3% (P< 0·05) when ascorbic acid was doubled to 220 mg/l. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 5·7 and 9·5% (P< 0·05) from the same products. Mean Fe absorption from a milk-based formula was 6·5% in adults compared with 6·7% in infants. All meals in the adult and infant studies were fed using an identical meal size of 217g. Increasing the meal size threefold in adults did not change fractional Fe absorption. Mean Fe absorption values for each meal were lower in adults than in infants, but the relative inhibitory effect of phytic acid and the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid were similar. We conclude that Fe absorption studies in adults can be used to assess the influence of enhancers and inhibitors of Fe absorption in infant formulas fed to infants. Further studies, however, are required to extend these findings to weaning foods and complete meals.

scholarly journals Dephytinisation of soyabean protein isolate with low native phytic acid content has limited impact on mineral and trace element absorption in healthy infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Ekhard E. Ziegler ◽  
Peter Kastenmayer ◽  
Peter van Dael ◽  
Denis Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

Infant formulas based on soyabean protein isolate are often used as an alternative to cows'-based formulas. However, the presence of phytic acid in soya formulas has raised concern about the absorption of trace elements and minerals from these products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mineral and trace element absorption from regular and dephytinised soya formula in healthy infants. Soyabean protein isolate with a relatively low native content of phytic acid was used for production of a regular soya formula (300 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula) and an experimental formula was based on dephytinised soya protein isolate (<6 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula). Using a crossover study design, apparent mineral and trace element absorptions were measured by a stable isotope technique based on 72 h faecal excretion of non-absorbed stable isotopes (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) and by the chemical balance technique (Mn, Zn, Cu and Ca) in nine infants (69–191 d old). Fe absorption was also measured by erythrocyte incorporation 14 d after intake. The results from the present study demonstrated that Zn absorption, measured by a stable isotope technique, was significantly greater after dephytinisation (mean value 16·7 v. 22·6 %; P=0·03). No other statistically significant differences between the two formulas were observed. The nutritional benefit of dephytinisation was marginal in the present study. Based on these results, the use of soyabean protein isolate with low native content of phytic acid should be promoted for production of soya formulas and adequate addition of ascorbic acid to enhance Fe absorption should be ensured in the products.

scholarly journals Development of Antioxidant and Nutritious Lentil (Lens culinaris) Flour Using Controlled Optimized Germination as a Bioprocess

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924
Author(s):  
Daniel Rico ◽  
Elena Peñas ◽  
María del Carmen García ◽  
Dilip K. Rai ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Rsm Optimization ◽  
Functional Features

Germination is an efficient and natural strategy that allows the modification of the nutritional value and the nutraceutical properties of seeds, enabling one to tailor the process according to its final use. This study aimed at optimization of germination conditions to produce novel lentil flours with improved nutritional and functional features. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to model the effect of temperature (15–27 °C) and time (1–5 days) on different nutritional and quality parameters of lentil flours including proximate composition, content and profile of fatty acids, content of phytic acid, ascorbic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), content and profile of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, expected glycemic index (GI) and color during germination. As shown by RSM polynomial models, sprouting promoted the reduction of phytic acid content and enhanced the levels of ascorbic acid, GABA, insoluble phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and expected GI, and modified the color of the resultant lentil flours. RSM optimization of germination temperature and time using desirability function revealed that the optimal process conditions to maximize the nutritional, bioactive and quality properties of sprouted lentil flours were 21 °C for 3.5 days.

Phytic Acid Degradation as a Means of Improving Iron Absorption

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Single Meal

Phytic acid is a potent inhibitor of native and fortification iron absorption and low absorption of iron from cereal- and/or legume-based complementary foods is a major factor in the etiology of iron deficiency in infants. Dephytinization of complementary foods or soy-based infant formulas is technically possible but, as phytic acid is strongly inhibitory at low concentrations, complete enzymatic degradation is recommended. If this is not possible, the phytic acid to iron molar ratio should be decreased to below 1:1 and preferably below 0.4:1. Complete dephytinization of cereal- and legume-based complementary foods has been shown to increase the percentage of iron absorption by as much as 12-fold (0.99% to 11.54%) in a single-meal study when the foods were reconstituted with water. The addition of milk, however, inhibits iron absorption and overcomes the enhancing effect of phytic acid degradation. Dephytinization can therefore be strongly recommended only for cereal/legume mixtures reconstituted with water, especially low-cost complementary foods destined for infants in developing countries. In countries where infant cereals are consumed with milk, ascorbic acid addition can more easily be used to overcome the negative effect of phytic acid on iron absorption. Similarly with soy-based infant formulas, especially if manufactured from low-phytate isolates, ascorbic acid can be used to ensure adequate iron absorption.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surfactant activity and emulsifying of Pea protein isolate (Pisum sativum L.) obtained by the spray dryer

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Nogueira Mendes ◽  
Natasha Kelber ◽  
Lívia Alves Filgueiras ◽  
Camila Sousa Campos da Costa ◽  
Cristiana Pedrosa Melo Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Pea Protein Isolate

Review: Effect of Some Components of Milk- and Soy-Based Infant Formulas on Mineral Bioavailability

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jovaní ◽  
R. Barberá ◽  
R. Farré
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Negative Effect

Infants’ high nutritional needs are fulfilled by mother’s milk or infant formulas to provide all the necessary nutrients, among them minerals. Minerals uptake depends not only on mineral content but also on their bioavailability which, in turn, is affected by the different components of the infant formulas. An understanding of these effects would help to improve mineral bioavailability. This work reviews the influence of endogenous (proteins and phytates) and added (ascorbic and citric acid) components in infant formulas on the bioavailability of nutritionally important mineral elements (calcium, zinc, iron and copper) and their interactions. Special attention is given to the influence of protein, which is positive for calcium and negative for iron absorption. The marked negative effect of phytates on iron and zinc absorption can be counteracted by a dephytinization process. Of the added compounds, ascorbic acid has a positive effect on iron absorption that depends on the molar ratio between ascorbic acid and iron. In fact, adding ascorbic acid can counteract the negative effect of phytic acid on iron absorption but does not alter the effect of phytic acid on zinc absorption. The null effect of an increase in citric acid content can be ascribed to the fact that the citrate contents of infant formulas are already high. One of the most important element interactions is the negative effect of calcium on zinc and iron intestinal absorption and also the interaction between zinc and iron. These interactions deserve our attention because these minerals are essential to infants’ growth and development.

scholarly journals Effect of gibberellins and ascorbic acid treatment on phytic acid and micronutrients dialyzability in germinated biofortified wheat seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Meena Verma ◽  
Roop Singh Bora ◽  
Imran Sheikh ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Punesh Sangwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Acid Chelate

Introduction: Phytic acid chelate minerals, including Fe and Zn and render them inaccessible once ingested by human beings. The evaluation of differences in the dialyzability of macronutrients including Fe and Zn in various wheat derivatives is therefore important for the enhancement of nutritional quality of grains. Objectives: The objective of current study was to improve the micronutrient content in wheat grain. Methods: During germination (12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h), effects of gibberellins and ascorbic acid on phytic acid content as well as dialyzability of iron and zinc of wheat derivatives were determined. Results: The phytic acid content in wheat flour was determined and it was found 7.61 to 7.48 mg/g. After the treatment with gibberellins, it was significantly reduced from 8.68 to 21.6 % and 9.65 to 20.9 % with ascorbic acid. In wheat flour dialyzabilty of Fe was 4.53 to 8.97 mg/kg. After germination, Fe content was increased from 9.77 to 32.0 % with gibberellin, and 13.9 to 31.0 % with ascorbic acid. Moreover, with gibberellins, Zn content was increased from 8.68 to 21.6 % and 9.65 to 20.9 % with ascorbic acid, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggested that gibberellins as well as ascorbic acid can be exploited to improve the dialyzability of iron and zinc content due to reduced antinutrient i. e phytic acid and make the minerals available for the absorption in monogastric animals including human beings.

scholarly journals Iron Bioavailability Studied in Infants: The Influence of Phytic Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Infant Formulas Based on Soy Isolate

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
Peter Kastenmayer ◽  
Françoise Cherouvrier ◽  
Marcel A Juillerat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Soy Isolate

Developmental Effects and Health Aspects of Soy Protein Isolate, Casein, and Whey in Male and Female Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Badger ◽  
Martin J. J. Ronis ◽  
Reza Hakkak
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Dietary factors other than the traditional nutrients are found in the so-called functional foods. They are becoming increasingly recognized as potentially important for maintaining good health. Soybeans are rich in such factors thought to help prevent certain chronic diseases. Soy protein isolate (SPI) is one of the three major proteins used in infant formulas sold in the United States, with casein (CAS) and whey (WPH) proteins being the others. We have been studying the health effects of these proteins. Safety concerns have developed over the consumption of soy-based infant formula, partly because of the high circulating levels of the total isoflavones (phytoestrogens) during “critical periods of infant development.” There is a paucity of data on developmental, physiological, neurophysiological, behavioral, metabolic, or molecular effects of soy phytochemicals in humans, especially during pregnancy and infancy. We have studied the effects of CAS, SPI, and WPH in short-term, long-term, and multigenerational studies in rats. Aside from minor differences in body weight gain profiles, CAS-, SPI-or WPH-fed rats did not differ in development, organ weights, in vitro hepatic metabolism of testosterone (T), or reproductive performance. However, some endocrine-related functions differed between rats fed these proteins. We found that SPI accelerated puberty in female rats ( p <.05) and WPH delayed puberty in males and females, as compared with CAS ( p <.05). Gender differences were also found in gonadectomy-induced steroid responses. Male rats had normal serum T levels, but female rats fed SPI had reduced serum 17β-estradiol concentrations and a blunted 17β-estradiol response to ovariectomy, as compared to rats fed CAS or WHP ( p <.05). Female rats fed SPI or WHP or treated with genistein had reduced incidence of chemically induced mammary cancers ( p <.05) compared to CAS controls, with WHP reducing tumor incidence by as much as 50%, findings that replicate previous results from our laboratory. Together, these results suggest gender-specific differences in development and certain endocrine responses among rats fed diets composed of a single protein source such as those used in infant formulas. Whether similar developmental effects occur in human infants is unknown, but unlikely because (1) most infants do not consume such diets throughout life as these rats did, and (2) no such effects have been reported in millions of American infants fed infant formula containing these proteins. The long-term health consequence implications of early diet exposure to SPI and WPH, such as reduced breast cancer incidence, are likely to be very positive.

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