scholarly journals The effect of test meal monounsaturated fatty acid: saturated fatty acid ratio on postprandial lipid metabolism

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Roche ◽  
Antonis Zampelas ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Postprandial Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

Epidemiological evidence shows that a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) but low in saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with reduced risk of CHD. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of MUFA is known but there has been little research on the effect of test meal MUFA and SFA composition on postprandial lipid metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of meals containing different proportions of MUFA and SFA on postprandial triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism. Thirty healthy male volunteers consumed three meals containing equal amounts of fat (40g), but different proportions of MUFA (12, 17 and 24% energy) in random order. Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B-48, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations and lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) activity were not significantly different following the three meals which varied in their levels of SFA and MUFA. There was a significant difference in the postprandial NEFA response between meals. The incremental area under the curve of postprandial plasma NEFA concentrations was significantly (P = 0·03) lower following the high-MUFA meal. Regression analysis showed that the non-significant difference in fasting NEFA concentrations was the most important factor determining difference between meals, and that the test meal MUFA content had only a minor effect. In conclusion, varying the levels of MUFA and SFA in test meals has little or no effect on postprandial lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

scholarly journals Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Dev ◽  
Jubeda Begum ◽  
Avishek Biswas ◽  
Nasir Akbar Mir ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.

scholarly journals Exercise and Dietary-Mediated Reductions in Postprandial Lipemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Plaisance ◽  
Gordon Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Postprandial Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Postprandial Lipid

Postprandial hyperlipemia produces long-term derangements in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a qualitative analysis of the available literature examining the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in the presence of obesity, (2) inspect the role of adiposity distribution and sex on postprandial lipid metabolism, and (3) examine the role of energy deficit (exercise- and/or energy restriction-mediated), isoenergetic low-carbohydrate diets, and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on postprandial lipid metabolism. We conclude from the literature that central adiposity primarily accounts for sex-related differences in postprandial lipemia and that aerobic exercise attenuates this response in obese or lean men and women to a similar extent through potentially unique mechanisms. In contrast, energy restriction produces only mild reductions in postprandial lipemia suggesting that exercise may be superior to energy restriction alone as a strategy for lowering postprandial lipemia. However, isoenergetic very low-carbohydrate diets and n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduce postprandial lipemia indicating that macronutrient manipulations reduce postprandial lipemia in the absence of energy restriction. Therefore, interactions between exercise/energy restriction and alterations in macronutrient content remain top priorities for the field to identify optimal behavioral treatments to reduce postprandial lipemia.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Olaia Urrutia ◽  
José Antonio Mendizabal ◽  
Leopoldo Alfonso ◽  
Beatriz Soret ◽  
Kizkitza Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Serum fatty acid levels, dietary style and coronary heart disease in three neighbouring areas in Japan: the Kumihama study

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Nakamura ◽  
Akihiro Azuma ◽  
Toshiro Kuribayashi ◽  
Hiroki Sugihara ◽  
Seisuke Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Coronary Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fishing Area

CHD mortality is extremely low in Japan, particularly in rural districts, when compared with that in Western countries. This has been partly attributed to the difference in dietary lifestyle. We investigated the factors influencing CHD mortality in a rural coastal district of Japan, comprising mercantile, farming, and fishing areas with distinct dietary habits. We prospectively examined the incidence of CHD from 1994 to 1998, as well as coronary risk factors and serum fatty acid concentrations. The incidence of angina pectoris was significantly (P=0·01) lower in the fishing area than in the mercantile and farming areas. Blood pressure, physical activity, prevalence of diabetes, serum levels of uric acid and HDL-cholesterol were similar between the three areas. Total- and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower but the smoking rate was markedly higher in the fishing area than in the other two areas. Serum levels of saturated fatty acids andn−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lowest in the fishing area, butn−3 PUFA did not differ significantly. Then−6:n−3 PUFA ratio was lowest and eicosapentaenoic:arachidonic acid was highest in the fishing area. Although many previous studies have emphasized the beneficial effect ofn−3 PUFA in preventing CHD, the present study indicated that a lower intake ofn−6 PUFA and saturated fatty acids has an additional preventive effect on CHD even when the serum level ofn−3 PUFA is high because of high dietary fish consumption.

scholarly journals Quality of Meat from Female Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) and Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Hunted in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Snežana Ivanović ◽  
Boris Pisinov ◽  
Marija Pavlović ◽  
Ivan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractDeer meat is a high quality and valuable food for human consumption. It has high nutritive value because of its high protein and heme iron content, and low levels of fats and saturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of meat from fallow deer and roe deer that were hunted in Serbia. Parameters studied were live weight, carcass weight, chemical composition of meat, color, fatty acid content of meat, volatile compounds, and sensory characteristics. The results obtained show no significant difference in the chemical composition of these two species of deer meat, but there were differences regarding fatty acid content, volatile compounds, color and sensory properties of meat. The ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the deer meat ranged from 0.387 to 0.556. The results suggest that deer species has a significant impact on the fatty acid profile and content of volatile compounds of deer meat.

Atherogenic Trans Fatty Acid Alters Macrophage Lipid Metabolism with Sustained Dysregulation of Zinc Homeostasis

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4112-4112
Author(s):  
Lisa J Robinson ◽  
Janelle R Zacherl ◽  
Stephanie J Mihalik ◽  
Irina L. Tourkova ◽  
Claudette M St Croix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Zinc Activity

Abstract Atherosclerosis, through its sequelae of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease, underlies substantial human morbidity and mortality. The incidence of atherosclerosis increased markedly over the last century paralleling the increase in fat, particularly saturated fat, in the modern diet. Furthermore, artificial hydrogenation of saturated fats, originally introduced to provide a ‘healthier’ dietary substitute, resulted in consumption of non-physiological trans fatty acids that are themselves now strongly linked to the development of atherosclerosis. A major cellular target for the negative effects of fatty acids in the vasculature appears to be the macrophage, which through actions including the production of inflammatory cytokines, plays a central role of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Despite the importance of these effects, our understanding of the fundamental molecular changes that underlie the negative effects of fatty acids, and especially trans fatty acids, remains fragmentary. In previous work we showed that prolonged exposure of human macrophages to the 18 carbon trans-monoenoic fatty acid elaidic acid impaired lipid metabolism, partially blocking beta-oxidation and thereby altering cellular lipid composition. To determine the functional consequences of this alteration in cellular lipids, we next examined changes in macrophage gene expression. Primary human macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes were treated with the cis fatty acid oleate or the trans fat elaidate for 44 hours, and gene expression was evaluated using the affymetrix gene array, with significant differences confirmed by real time quantitative PCR. Expression of genes linked directly to lipid metabolism differed, as expected, but the most striking differences between cis and trans fatty acid treated macrophages were in their expression of regulators of zinc homeostasis. In particular, there was a marked divergence in expression levels for metallothioneins, the zinc binding proteins which regulate intracellular zinc levels: metallothionein expression was consistently lower in the elaidate-treated macrophages. In contrast, the zinc transporter SLC39A10 was significantly upregulated in macrophages by exposure to the trans but not the cis fatty acid. SLC39A10 mediates uptake of extracellular zinc by cells and its release from organellar stores; its effects are opposed by SLC30, which export zinc from the cytosol but were not induced by exposure to elaidate. These results suggested that trans fats would increase zinc activity in macrophages. To test this we used the fluorescent zinc indicator FluoZin3 (N-(carboxymethyl)-N-[2-[2-[2(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-(2,7,-difluoro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methoxyphenyl]glycine). These studies confirmed that macrophages exposed to elaidate showed increased intracellular Zn2+, compared to both untreated or oleate-treated macrophages. Furthermore, the increase in zinc activity was associated with activation of the NFkB signaling pathway: macrophages treated with elaidic acid showed prominent nuclear translocation of NFkB p65, and the effect was abrogated by cotreatment with the zinc chelator TPEN. We next compared the effects of the trans fat with those of saturated fatty acids. Macrophages exposed to stearate or palmitate showed a milder and delayed increase in metallothionein expression, compared to those treated with oleate, but, like oleate, stearate and palmitate had no effect on the expression of zinc transporters. Studies using FluoZin3 showed a mild early increase in cytosolic Zn2+ following stearate or palmitate treatment, but at the later time points, when metallothionein expression was increased by the saturated fatty acids as well as by oleate, zinc activity returned to baseline. Only elaidic acid, which upregulated the zinc transporter, produced a sustained increase in intracellular macrophage Zn2+. Stearate and palmitate also stimulated early translocation of NFkB to the nucleus. These results suggest that trans fatty acids, while mimicking some activation pathways stimulated by the saturated fatty acids, exert distinct effects through sustained alterations in zinc regulatory proteins that promote elevated intracellular Zn2+. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Use of manufactured foods enriched with fish oils as a means of increasing long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lovegrove ◽  
C. N. Brooks ◽  
M. C. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Gould ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol

The objectives of the present study were to determine the feasibility of using manufactured foods, enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) as a means of increasing the intake of these n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and to determine the effect of the consumption of these foods on postprandial lipaemia and other metabolic responses to a high-fat mixed test meal. Nine healthy, normotriacylglycerolaemic, free-living male volunteers (aged 35–60 years) completed the randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover study. The study consisted of two periods (each of 22d) of dietary intervention, separated by a 5-month washout period. During these two periods the subjects were provided with the manufactured foods enriched with EPA and DHA (n−3 enriched) or identical but unenriched foods (control). A mixed test meal containing 82g fat was given to the fasted subjects on day 22 of each dietary intervention period. Two fasting, and thereafter hourly, blood samples were collected from the subjects for an 8h period postprandially. Plasma triacylglycerol, total and HDL-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels, post-heparin lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) activity and the plasma free fatty acid and phospholipid fatty acid compositions were measured. A mean daily intake of 1·4 g EPA + DHA (0·9 g EPA, 0·5 g DHA) was ingested during the n−3-enriched dietary period, which was significantly higher than the intake during the habitual and control periods (P <0·001) assessed by a 3 dweighed food intake. A significantly higher level of EPA + DHA enrichment of the plasma fatty acids and phospholipids (P < 0·001) after the n−3-enriched compared withthe control intervention periods was also found. The energy intake on both of the dietary intervention periods was found to be significantly higher than on the habitual diet (P <0·001), with an increase in body weight of the subjects, which reachedsignificance during the n−3 PUFA-enriched dietary intervention period (P < 0·04). The palatability of the enriched foods was not significantly different from that of the control foods. Significantly higher fasting plasma HDL-cholesterol and glucose concentrations were found after the n-3 PUFA-enriched compared with the control intervention period (P < 0·02 and P < 0·05 respectively). No significant differences were found for the postprandial lipid and hormone measurements, except for significantly lower levels of NEFA at 60min after the n−3-enriched intervention period (P< 0·04). Enriched manufactured foods were a feasible vehicle for increasing n−3 PUFA intake. However the nature of the foods provided as the n−3 vehicle may have contributed to the increased body weight and higher energy intakes which were adverse consequences of the intervention. These factors, together with the short duration of the study may have been reponsible for the failure to observe significant plasma triacylglycerol reductions in response to daily intakes of 1·4g EPA+DHA.

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