scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Olaia Urrutia ◽  
José Antonio Mendizabal ◽  
Leopoldo Alfonso ◽  
Beatriz Soret ◽  
Kizkitza Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Effects of cold acclimation on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Patkin ◽  
E. J. Masoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Cold acclimation is known to alter hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver slices from cold-acclimated rats have a greatly depressed capacity to synthesize long-chain fatty acids from acctate-1-C14. Since adipose tissue is the major site of lipogenic activity in the intact animal, its fatty acid synthetic capacity was studied. In contrast to the liver, it was found that adipose tissue from the cold-acclimated rat synthesized three to six times as much long-chain fatty acids per milligram of tissue protein as the adipose tissue from the control rat living at 25°C. Evidence is presented indicating that adipose tissue from cold-acclimated and control rats esterify long-chain fatty acids at the same rate. The ability of adipose tissue to oxidize palmitic acid to CO2 was found to be unaltered by cold acclimation. The fate of the large amount of fatty acid synthesized in the adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats is discussed.

scholarly journals High Physiological Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Muscle Fatty Acid Composition and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Dangardt ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Eva Gronowitz ◽  
Jovanna Dahlgren ◽  
Peter Friberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis

Obese adolescents have high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and low omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCUFAs) in plasma phospholipids. We aimed to investigate effects of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation to obese adolescents on skeletal muscle lipids and glucose and insulin homeostasis. Twenty-five obese adolescents (14–17 years old, 14 females) completed a randomized double-blind crossover study supplying capsules containing either 1.2 g omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, for 3 months each with a six-week washout period. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipids were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of each period. The concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 PUFA in muscle phospholipids increased in both sexes. In the females, omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance by 39% (P=0.04) and restored insulin concentration by 34% (P=0.02) during IVGTT. Insulin sensitivity improved 17% (P=0.07). In males, none of these parameters was influenced by omega-3 supplementation. Thus, three months of supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA improved glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese girls without influencing body weight.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Joachim Hauser ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya ◽  
Ivo Kaunzinger ◽  
Katharina M Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. Insufficient dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) has been suggested to have an impact on the development of symptoms of ADHD in children. Individuals with ADHD have been demonstrated to have significantly reduced blood concentrations of PUFAs and, in particular, reduced levels of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may reduce the attention and behavior problems associated with ADHD.Objective: To provide an overview of the efficacy of dietary LC-PUFA supplementation in the treatment of ADHD. Methods: Literature published up until December 2013 on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on ADHD symptoms was obtained using a PubMed search and critically reviewed.Results: Dietary PUFA supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on ADHD symptoms although these effects are small. The clinical relevance of these observations remains to be determined.Conclusion: There is only limited support for the efficacy of PUFA supplementation for the core symptoms of ADHD. Given the small effect sizes regarding PUFA supplementation, it may not be a sufficient therapy for a majority of patients with ADHD.Keywords: diet, nutrition, polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD

scholarly journals Serum and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels may be used as biomarkers to assess the severity of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
M. V. Kruchinina ◽  
M. V. Parulikova ◽  
S. A. Kurilovich ◽  
A. A. Gromov ◽  
M. V. Shashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Necroinflammatory Activity ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

The aim of this work is to study the possibility of using blood serum (BS) fatty acids (FA) and erythrocytes (ER) as diagnostic markers of the severity of NAFLD. Materials and methods. We examined 52 patients with NAFLD (51.8 ± 3.9 years), confirmed by the NLFS index, and 20 apparently healthy men (49.2 ± 4.5 years). The degree of liver fibrosis was established by indirect elastometry (FibroScan® 502 Echosens, France). 27 patients had an initial degree of fibrosis (F0-1), 25 had severe fibrosis (F2-4). The study of the composition of fatty acids of Er and BS was carried out using a GC / MS system based on three Agilent 7000B quadrupoles (USA). Results. Significant differences in the levels of fatty acids in blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in patients with NAFLD were revealed, associated with the degree of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity. To distinguish between mild and severe fibrosis in NAFLD, the levels of saturated fatty acids (myristic, pentadecane, margarine) and omega-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) were found to be significant (p = 0.002-0.0003). Saturated and monounsaturated FAs (palmitelaidic, palmitoleic, vaccenic) played a key role in differentiating the degree of necroinflammatory activity (minimal versus pronounced) (p = 0.03-0.005). The created diagnostic panels (FA of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes) made it possible to differentiate patients with NAFLD with varying degrees of fibrosis. Correlations of FA levels in erythrocyte membranes and blood serum with manifestations of metabolic syndrome, indicators of liver damage in patients with NAFLD were revealed. Conclusions. The established differences in fatty acid profiles of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in patients with NAFLD, associated with the degree of fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, manifestations of metabolic syndrome and indicators of liver damage, should be considered as promising biomarkers for assessing the severity of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Dev ◽  
Jubeda Begum ◽  
Avishek Biswas ◽  
Nasir Akbar Mir ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.

Effect of increasing stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase mRNA concentrations using forage and concentrate diets on the fatty acid composition of ovine adipose tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.C.T.R. Daniel ◽  
R.J. Wynn ◽  
A.M. Salter ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mrna Levels

Compared to meat from other animals lamb contains high levels of saturated fat, particularly stearic acid which comprises 18% of the total fatty acids (Enser et al, 1996). This stearic acid can be desaturated in the tissue by stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) to produce oleic acid. In sheep SCD is produced from a single gene and the levels of SCD mRNA in the tissue correlate well with oleic acid (Ward et al, 1998, Barber et al, 2000) suggesting that an upregulation of SCD activity may increase the relative proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids and so significantly improve the nutritional quality of sheep meat. Our recent studies have shown that insulin increases SCD mRNA levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in cultured ovine adipose tissue explants (Daniel et al, 2001). The present study was designed to investigate whether feeding a diet believed to manipulate SCD mRNA concentrations would significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lamb.

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