scholarly journals Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
J. C. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

1. Nitrogen kinetics were studied in six sheep (45–55 kg live weight) consuming either a high-N grass silage or a low-N dried grass made from swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The diets were fed hourly at a level of 600 g dry matter/d and supplied 19.5 and 11.0 g N/d respectively.2. The amounts of organic matter (OM) consumed and flowing at the duodenum and ileum and excreted in the faeces were similar (P < 0.05) with both diets. Each diet supplied 23 g digestible OM/d per kg live eight0.75, which was sufficient to maintain body-weight.3. There were no differences (P < 0.05) between diets in rumen fluid volume, fractional outflow rate of fluid from the rumen, total concentration of volatile fatty acids or molar proportion of acetate in the rumen. The pH and molar proportion of propionate in rumen fluid were higher (P < 0.01), and molar proportion of butyrate lower (P < 0.001) when the silage was given.4. There was a net loss of N (4.0 g/d) between mouth and duodenum when the silage was consumed but a net gain (5.5 g/d) when the dried grass was consumed. As a result, total non-ammonia-N (NAN) flow at the duodenum did not differ (P / 0.05) between diets. Rumen microbial NAN flow at the duodenum, based on 15N as the marker, also did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets but the efficiency of microbial N synthesis in the rumen (g/kg OM apparently digested) was higher (P < 0.05) with the dried grass.5. When the sheep were consuming silage they had a higher concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid (P < 0.01), a higher rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen (P < 0.05) and a higher rate of absorption of ammonia across the rumen wall (P < 0.01). The rate of absorption was found to be more closely related to the unionized ammonia concentration in rumen fluid (r2 0.85) than to the total ammonia concentration (r2 0.36).6. Endogenous N entry into the forestomachs was calculated to be 5.5 g/d when the silage was given and 9.4 g/d when the dried grass was given, of which 1.7 and 3.5 g/d respectively were in the form of urea. Thus, approximately 4–6 g N/d were derived from non-urea materials.7. Within the small intestine the apparent absorption coefficient of rumen microbial NAN (0.72) did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets but the apparent absorption coefficient of total NAN was lower (P < 0.05) when the I silage was given, owing to a lower (P < 0.01) absorption coefficient of the non-microbial NAN fraction (undegraded feed and endogenous).8. Within the large intestine, diet had no effect (P < 0 05) on the apparent absorption coefficients of total N (0.22) and rumen microbial NAN (0.63).9. Plasma urea concentration, the rate of urea synthesis in the body and urinary urea excretion were higher (P < 0.001) when the silage was consumed. However, the transfer of urea to the whole digestive tract and to the post-ruminal part of the tract did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets; urea transfer to the rumen was higher (P < 0.01) when the dried grass was given.10. The results were used to construct a whole-animal model of N flows between the digestive tract and the tissues.

scholarly journals Fermentation and nitrogen dynamics in Merino sheep given a low-quality-roughage diet

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
S. Stachiw
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Isotope Tracer

1. Fermentation in the rumen and nitrogen dynamics in the body were studied in mature Merino sheep given a maintenance ration of a low-quality-roughage diet containing mainly chopped wheat straw.2. Intake of metabolizable energy was 3.49 MJ/d and of total N 6.2 g/d.3. From measurements of volatile fatty acid (VFA) production rates and stoichiometric principles, it was calculated that 75% of the digestible organic matter intake was fermented in the rumen, making an estimated 44 g/68d microbial dry matter available to the animal.4. The total flux of ammonia through the rumen NH3 pool, estimated by 15NH3 dilution methods, was 8.2 g N/d of which 3.5 g N/d was irreversibly lost; thus 4.7 g N/d was recycled, partly within the rumen (approximately 3.8 g N/d) and partly via endogenous secretions (approximately 0.9 g N/d). The extensive recycling of NH3-N within the rumen indicated that turnover of microbial N was considerable, and the total production of micro-organisms was at least twice the net outflow.5. The proportion of the N in rumen bacteria derived from rumen ammonia was 62% and thus 38% was derived from other nitrogenous compounds such as peptides and amino acids.6. The rates of transfer of blood urea into the rumen, estimated from the appearance of 14CO2 or 15NH3 in the rumen after intravenous single injections of [14C]-and [15N]urea, did not differ significantly and the mean transfer was 2.3 urea-N/d.7. Estimates of the rate of irreversible loss of urea-C (i.e. urea synthesis in the body) were obtained by analysis of samples of either blood or urine obtained after a single, intravenous injection of [14C]urea. The two methods gave results that did not differ significantly. The estimated rate of urea synthesis in the body was 5.3 g N/d. Urea excretion rate was relatively low, i.e. 1.2 g N/d, and thus transfer of urea to the digestive tract was approximately 4.1 g N/d. Approximately 53% of the latter was transferred to the rumen, and 47% to the rest of the digestive tract. These results are discussed in relation to similar studies with sheep given other diets.8. Various aspects of isotope-tracer methods and the errors that could occur in this type of study are discussed.

Nitrogen kinetics in cattle fed a mature subtropical grass hay with and without protein meal supplementation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Urea Kinetics ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Tracer Dilution

Ammonia kinetics in the rumen, and the rates of urea synthesis, excretion, and recycling to the rumen and post-ruminal digestive tract were estimated by means of tracer dilution methods in eight 12-monthold Hereford steers, all given free access to a mature, subtropical grass (Axonopus spp.) hay (7.8 g N and 5.8 MJ of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter). These estimates were made towards the end of a 45-day study, including a 12-day adjustment period, and 33 days in which four steers were supplemented with pelleted protein meal and minerals; the other four were supplemented only with minerals. After 10-20 days of supplementation (days 23-32 of the experiment), the voluntary intake of hay was 19% higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented compared with non-supplemented steers, and from days 33 to 42 was 23% (P < 0.01) higher. Therefore, during the period between days 22 and 42 of the experiment when ammonia and urea kinetics were estimated, total ME and N intakes were higher (30 v. 22 MJ/day and 71 v. 29.5 g N/day), and liveweight gain was also higher (P < 0.01) in supplemented steers (800 v. 200 � s.e.d. 88 g/day). Ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented steers (55 v. 7 mg N/l and 93 v. 77 mmol/l respectively). The rate of synthesis of urea in the body, and the concentrations of urea in plasma and saliva, predominantly of parotid origin, were also higher (P < 0.01) in supplemented steers. Non-supplemented steers appeared to conserve nitrogen, excreting only 0.41 g urea N/day in urine, which was less than 3% of their daily urea synthesis compared with 9 g N/day or 21% of the daily urea synthesis in supplemented steers. More urea N (P < 0.01) was recycled to the digestive tract in supplemented than in non-supplemented steers, but in either case c. 60% of the total amount recycled was transferred to the rumen. A model summarizing N transactions in the body is presented for steers on the basal hay diet and when supplemented with the pelleted meal.

scholarly journals Rumen protein degradation and biosynthesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Raab ◽  
B. Cafantaris ◽  
T. Jilg ◽  
K. H. Menke
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

1. A method is described for the determination of protein degradation based on measurements of ammonia concentration and gas production (Menke et al. 1979) when a feedingstuff was incubated with rumen fluid in vitro.2. NH3 liberated during incubation is in part used for microbial protein synthesis. Production of carbon dioxide and methane can be regarded as a measure of energy available for protein synthesis. The ratio, gas production: incorporation of NH3-nitrogen was estimated by addition of starch to the substrate. The response in gas production was linear in the range 0–200 mg starch, when starch was added to 0–200mg feedingstuff dry matter and 30 ml rumen fluid-medium mixture.3. Linear regression between NH3-N concentration (y, mg) and gas production (x, ml) yielded an intercept (b0) representing that amountof NH3-N which would be released when no fermentable carbohydrates were available and consequently no bacterial protein synthesis took place.4. The difference between this intercept b0 and NH3-N content in the blank (rumen fluid without substrate added) indicated the amount of NH3 liberated from protein and other N-containing compounds of the feedingstuff incubated. In vitro-degradable N (IVDN) was calculated as a proportion of total N by the equation:

scholarly journals The effects of intraruminal infusions of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and sodium butyrate on urea metabolism in sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Norton ◽  
A. N. Janes ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract

1. Three sheep fitted with rumen cannulas were fed hourly a daily ration of 1000 g pelleted-grass cubes, and during four successive 2-week periods were intraruminally infused (0·45 l/d) with solutions containing sodium chloride (0·47 mol/d), sodium bicarbonate (0·47 mol/d), ammonium chloride (0·47 mol/d) and sodium butyrate (0·47 mol/d). Each solution, except that for NaHCO3, was adjusted to pH 7 before infusion, and provided equal sodium intakes for sheep in all periods.2. In the final week of each infusion period, a balance trial was conducted and on separate days each sheep was continuously infused with [14C]urea and NaH14CO3 intravenously and NaH14CO3 intraruminally. Carbon transfer rates between blood urea, blood bicarbonate and rumen fluid bicarbonate were calculated from the specific radioactivity of urea and bicarbonate samples and isotope infusion rates during each experimental period.3. There was no significant effect of intraruminal infusions on N balance, and with the exception of sheep in fused with NH4Cl, all sheep utilized apparently digested N with similar efficiency for N retention. Sheep infused with NH4Cl (6·2 g N/d) excreted the equivalent of 93% of the infused N as urea in urine.4. Infusion of NaHCO3. NH4Cl and sodium butyrate significantly (P < 0·05) increased the rurnen fluid concentrations of bicarbonate, ammonia and butyric acid respectively, and all infusions significantly (P < 0·05) increased total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Both NaHCO3 and sodium, butyrate significantly (P < 0·05) increased the pH of rumen fluid There was no significant effect of infusion on the proportions of propionic acid or the osmolality of rumen fluid.5. Intraruminal infusions of NH4Cl significantly (P < 0·05) increased and infusion of sodium butyrate significantly (P < 0·05) decreased plasma urea concentrations. Sheep infused with NH4Cl had higher rates of urea synthesis and urinary urea excretion compared with sheep on the other treatments, and a significantly (P < 0·05) lower proportion of urea synthesized by these sheep was degraded in the digestive tract. Sheep infused with sodium butyrate degraded a significantly (P < 0·05) greater amount (3·2 g N/d) and proportion (0·24) of total urea synthesis in the rumen than did sheep infused with NaCl. Corresponding values for the control (NaCl) sheep were 1·5 g N/d and 0·13 respectively. There was no significant effect of other infusions on the amount of urea recycled to the rumen or on the distribution of total urea degradation between the rumen and lower digestive tract. Plasma urea clearance to the rumen was significantly (P < 0·05) increased during sodium butyrate infusion, and the clearance of urea to the lower digestive tract was significantly (P < 0·05) decreased during NH4Cl infusion.6. The mechanism by which urea entry into the rumen is regulated by rumen metabolite levels is discussed.

scholarly journals Further studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Computer Simulation Studies ◽  
Microbial N

1. A study of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep was made using isotope dilution techniques with (15NH4)2SO4, [15N]urea and [14C]urea in order to determine quantitatively the movements of urea-N and NH3-N throughout the body of normal, feeding sheep.2. Single injections of 15N-labelled compounds were made into the rumen fluid NH3, caecal fluid NH3 and the blood urea pools, in order to estimate the rates of flux through, and the transfer of N between, these and other nitrogenous pools in the body. 51Cr EDTA was injected into the rumen and caecum with (15NH4)2SO4 to allow estimation of fluid volumes and to provide an indication of mixing, and of times of transit of isotopes between different sampling sites in the digestive tract.3. The sheep ate approximately 22 g lucerne chaff/h and the mean dietary N intake was 16.3 g/d.4. The rate of flux of NH3 through the rumen NH3 pool was 15.0 g/d (i.e. 90% of the dietary N ingested; however, this amount also included N from plasma urea (1.1 g/d) and other endogenous sources including NH3 derived from caecal NH3 (0.4 g/d).5. Only 40% of the N in isolated rumen bacteria was derived from NH3, indicating that a considerable proportion of their N requirements were obtained from compounds other than NH3 (e.g. peptides and amino acids).6. There was evidence of recycling of N between nitrogenous pools in the rumen, probably through rumen NH3 → microbial N → NH3.7. It was estimated that 5.3 g blood urea-N/d entered the digestive tract: 20% of this urea was degraded in the rumen, 25% in the caecum and the remainder was apparently degraded elsewhere; there was evidence of urea degradation in the large intestine posterior to the caecum and it is suggested that urea degradation and absorption of the resultant NH3 may occur in the ileum.8. Of the 4.8 g N/d entering the caecal NH3 pool, 4.2 g N/d left and did not return and the difference (0.6 g N/d) was recycled, possibly through caecal NH3 → microbial N → NH3.9. A large proportion of the NH3 entering the caecal NH3 pool (70% or 3.2 g N/d) was apparently derived from degradation of nitrogenous products, other than urea, including rumen microbial N (1.0 g N/d) passing undigested from the small intestine.10. Less than half the NH3-N of caecal origin entering the rumen passed through the blood urea pool; the remainder was apparently transported as other nitrogenous compounds in the blood or body fluids.11. The results of the three experiments were combined in a general three-pool, opencompartment model which formally recognizes an unlimited number of other unspecified, interconnected pools together comprising the whole-animal system. Rates of flux through, and transfer of N between these and other nitrogenous pools in the body were calculated by solving this model and the information derived has been applied to whole-animal models with a view to subsequently using these models in computer simulation studies.

scholarly journals Urea synthesis and degradation in sheep given pelleted-grass diets containing flaked barley

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Norton ◽  
J. B. Mackintosh ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

1. Three sheep fitted with rumen and oesophageal cannulas were given hourly the following diets in successive experiments: 1000 g pelleted-grass cubes/d (diet A) and 700 g pelleted-grass cubes plus 300 g flaked barley/d (diet B).2.During the final week of each 4-week dietary regimen, a balance trial was conducted and on separate days each sheep was continuously infused with [14C]urea and NaH14CO3 intravenously and NaH14CO3 intraruminaily. C transfer rates between blood urea, blood bicarbonate and rumen bicarbonate pools were calculated from the specific radioactivity of urea and bicarbonate sampled and isotope infusion rate during each experimental period. In the same period, an oral infusion of 51Cr-EDTA was maintained and salivary flow rate and composition determined from samples collected from the oesophageal fistula.3. The inclusion of flaked barley in the pelleted-grass diet significantly (P < 0·01) increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter (0·069), apparently digestible organic matter intake and nitrogen balance, and increased the efficiency cf dietary N utilization from 0·059 (diet A) to 0·290 (diet B). Increased N balance was the result of a significant (P) < 0·01 reduction in urinary urea excretion.4. The rumen fluid of sheep given diet A had higher pH and bicarbonate concentrations but lower butyric acid concentrations than that of sheep given diet B. There was no significant effect of diet on total volatile fatty-acid or ammonia concentrations in rumen fluid, or on osmolaiity and rumen fluid dilution rate. The irreversible loss of bicarbonate from rumen fluid was markedly increased when flaked barley was included in the diet, with most of the loss occurring directly from rumen fluid.5. Sheep given diet A had higher salivary secretion rates (18·8 l/d) than those given diet B (12·7 l/d), and with the exception of urea, there was no effect of diet on the concentrations of total N, protein N, alpha;-amino-N, uric acid-N or bicarbonate in saliva. Urea concentrations in saliva were significantly correlated (r20·64) with blood urea concentrations, but not with salivary flow rate. Salivary secretions contributed 2·2 and 1·4 gN/d to the rumen of sheep given diets A and B respectively, with urea forming only 45–33% of the total N secreted.6. When flaked barley was included in the pelleted-grass diet, there was a significant (P < 0·01) decrease in urea synthesis rate (diet A 20·0 g N/d, diet B 9·7 g N/d), a significant increase in amount (diet A 2·3 g N/d. diet B 3·0 g N/d) and proportion (diet A 0·024, diet B 0·57) of recycled urea degraded in the rumen. The permeability of the rumen wall to urea was also significantly increased in sheep given the flaked barley diet (diet A 1·35 g N/d, diet B 2·45 g N/d).7. A model of urea metabolism in sheep given each diet is described, and the mechanisms by which flaked barley inclusion increased urea recycling to the rumen and the efficiency of dietary N utilization are discussed.

The nitrogen metabolism of sheep consuming Flinders grass (Iseilema spp.), Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) and mixed native pasture

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Norton ◽  
RM Murray ◽  
KW Entwistle ◽  
JV Nolan ◽  
FM Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Energy Balances

Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism of sheep given Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.), Flinders grass (Iseilema spp.) and mixed native pasture were investigated. All diets were of low nutritive value as demonstrated by negative nitrogen and energy balances in sheep on these diets. Studies of urea metabolism demonstrated a significant relationship between plasma urea concentration, the rate of irreversible loss of urea from plasma and the rate of urea degradation in the digestive tract. On average, 81% of the urea synthesized in the body was transferred to the digestive tract and degraded to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The proportion of urea degradation occurring intraruminally was estimated during an intravenous infusion of 14C urea by measuring the rate of appearance of 14CO2 in ruminal fluid, the proportion degraded post-ruminally being obtained by difference. Urea degraded in the rumen accounted for 7–13% of the total quantity degraded in the digestive tract, and the rate of urea transfer (0.55 ± 0.13 g nitrogen/day) was not related to the rate of urea synthesis in the body. The lower digestive tract was the major site of urea degradation in sheep given these low protein diets, and the rate of urea transfer to this part of the digestive tract was linearly related to the rate of urea synthesis in the body. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to nitrogen conservation in sheep given low quality diets.

Changes within the digestive tract of sheep following engorgement with barley

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Godfrey ◽  
MD Boyce ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EJ Speijers
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding 1.4 kg of barley on the amount and composition of digesta in the rumen, small intestine, caecum, and colon was measured in sheep given either a gradual introduction to barley (over 8 days), no introduction, Yea Sacc (4 g/day for 9 days), virginiamycin (30 mg/day for 4 days) or rumen inoculum (600 mL/day for 4 days). The rumen pH was higher ( P < 0.05) and the number of sheep with high (> 5 mmol/L) levels of L-lactate and D-lactate significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sheep receiving no introduction compared to sheep receiving the gradual introduction to barley. Conversely the pH was lower (P < 0.05) and the molar proportion of L-lactate higher ( P < 0.001) in the caecum of the sheep receiving no introduction compared to sheep receiving the gradual introduction to barley. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the incidence of ruminitis between treatment groups. Both virginiamycin and the transfer of rumen fluid from well adapted animals appeared to be as effective as the gradual introduction of barley in controlling L-lactate accumulation in the caecum and colon and maintaining the pH within these organs. The probiotic Yea Sacc did not appear to cause any changes in the pattern of fermentation and digestion when compared to the untreated control animals.

STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lev Bershteyn ◽  
Aleksandr Ivantsov ◽  
Aglaya Ievleva ◽  
A. Venina ◽  
I. Berlev
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Her 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.

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