scholarly journals Fermentation and nitrogen dynamics in Merino sheep given a low-quality-roughage diet

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
S. Stachiw
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Isotope Tracer

1. Fermentation in the rumen and nitrogen dynamics in the body were studied in mature Merino sheep given a maintenance ration of a low-quality-roughage diet containing mainly chopped wheat straw.2. Intake of metabolizable energy was 3.49 MJ/d and of total N 6.2 g/d.3. From measurements of volatile fatty acid (VFA) production rates and stoichiometric principles, it was calculated that 75% of the digestible organic matter intake was fermented in the rumen, making an estimated 44 g/68d microbial dry matter available to the animal.4. The total flux of ammonia through the rumen NH3 pool, estimated by 15NH3 dilution methods, was 8.2 g N/d of which 3.5 g N/d was irreversibly lost; thus 4.7 g N/d was recycled, partly within the rumen (approximately 3.8 g N/d) and partly via endogenous secretions (approximately 0.9 g N/d). The extensive recycling of NH3-N within the rumen indicated that turnover of microbial N was considerable, and the total production of micro-organisms was at least twice the net outflow.5. The proportion of the N in rumen bacteria derived from rumen ammonia was 62% and thus 38% was derived from other nitrogenous compounds such as peptides and amino acids.6. The rates of transfer of blood urea into the rumen, estimated from the appearance of 14CO2 or 15NH3 in the rumen after intravenous single injections of [14C]-and [15N]urea, did not differ significantly and the mean transfer was 2.3 urea-N/d.7. Estimates of the rate of irreversible loss of urea-C (i.e. urea synthesis in the body) were obtained by analysis of samples of either blood or urine obtained after a single, intravenous injection of [14C]urea. The two methods gave results that did not differ significantly. The estimated rate of urea synthesis in the body was 5.3 g N/d. Urea excretion rate was relatively low, i.e. 1.2 g N/d, and thus transfer of urea to the digestive tract was approximately 4.1 g N/d. Approximately 53% of the latter was transferred to the rumen, and 47% to the rest of the digestive tract. These results are discussed in relation to similar studies with sheep given other diets.8. Various aspects of isotope-tracer methods and the errors that could occur in this type of study are discussed.

scholarly journals Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
J. C. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

1. Nitrogen kinetics were studied in six sheep (45–55 kg live weight) consuming either a high-N grass silage or a low-N dried grass made from swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The diets were fed hourly at a level of 600 g dry matter/d and supplied 19.5 and 11.0 g N/d respectively.2. The amounts of organic matter (OM) consumed and flowing at the duodenum and ileum and excreted in the faeces were similar (P < 0.05) with both diets. Each diet supplied 23 g digestible OM/d per kg live eight0.75, which was sufficient to maintain body-weight.3. There were no differences (P < 0.05) between diets in rumen fluid volume, fractional outflow rate of fluid from the rumen, total concentration of volatile fatty acids or molar proportion of acetate in the rumen. The pH and molar proportion of propionate in rumen fluid were higher (P < 0.01), and molar proportion of butyrate lower (P < 0.001) when the silage was given.4. There was a net loss of N (4.0 g/d) between mouth and duodenum when the silage was consumed but a net gain (5.5 g/d) when the dried grass was consumed. As a result, total non-ammonia-N (NAN) flow at the duodenum did not differ (P / 0.05) between diets. Rumen microbial NAN flow at the duodenum, based on 15N as the marker, also did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets but the efficiency of microbial N synthesis in the rumen (g/kg OM apparently digested) was higher (P < 0.05) with the dried grass.5. When the sheep were consuming silage they had a higher concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid (P < 0.01), a higher rate of irreversible loss of ammonia from the rumen (P < 0.05) and a higher rate of absorption of ammonia across the rumen wall (P < 0.01). The rate of absorption was found to be more closely related to the unionized ammonia concentration in rumen fluid (r2 0.85) than to the total ammonia concentration (r2 0.36).6. Endogenous N entry into the forestomachs was calculated to be 5.5 g/d when the silage was given and 9.4 g/d when the dried grass was given, of which 1.7 and 3.5 g/d respectively were in the form of urea. Thus, approximately 4–6 g N/d were derived from non-urea materials.7. Within the small intestine the apparent absorption coefficient of rumen microbial NAN (0.72) did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets but the apparent absorption coefficient of total NAN was lower (P < 0.05) when the I silage was given, owing to a lower (P < 0.01) absorption coefficient of the non-microbial NAN fraction (undegraded feed and endogenous).8. Within the large intestine, diet had no effect (P < 0 05) on the apparent absorption coefficients of total N (0.22) and rumen microbial NAN (0.63).9. Plasma urea concentration, the rate of urea synthesis in the body and urinary urea excretion were higher (P < 0.001) when the silage was consumed. However, the transfer of urea to the whole digestive tract and to the post-ruminal part of the tract did not differ (P < 0.05) between diets; urea transfer to the rumen was higher (P < 0.01) when the dried grass was given.10. The results were used to construct a whole-animal model of N flows between the digestive tract and the tissues.

Nitrogen kinetics in cattle fed a mature subtropical grass hay with and without protein meal supplementation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Urea Kinetics ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Tracer Dilution

Ammonia kinetics in the rumen, and the rates of urea synthesis, excretion, and recycling to the rumen and post-ruminal digestive tract were estimated by means of tracer dilution methods in eight 12-monthold Hereford steers, all given free access to a mature, subtropical grass (Axonopus spp.) hay (7.8 g N and 5.8 MJ of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter). These estimates were made towards the end of a 45-day study, including a 12-day adjustment period, and 33 days in which four steers were supplemented with pelleted protein meal and minerals; the other four were supplemented only with minerals. After 10-20 days of supplementation (days 23-32 of the experiment), the voluntary intake of hay was 19% higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented compared with non-supplemented steers, and from days 33 to 42 was 23% (P < 0.01) higher. Therefore, during the period between days 22 and 42 of the experiment when ammonia and urea kinetics were estimated, total ME and N intakes were higher (30 v. 22 MJ/day and 71 v. 29.5 g N/day), and liveweight gain was also higher (P < 0.01) in supplemented steers (800 v. 200 � s.e.d. 88 g/day). Ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were higher (P < 0.05) in supplemented steers (55 v. 7 mg N/l and 93 v. 77 mmol/l respectively). The rate of synthesis of urea in the body, and the concentrations of urea in plasma and saliva, predominantly of parotid origin, were also higher (P < 0.01) in supplemented steers. Non-supplemented steers appeared to conserve nitrogen, excreting only 0.41 g urea N/day in urine, which was less than 3% of their daily urea synthesis compared with 9 g N/day or 21% of the daily urea synthesis in supplemented steers. More urea N (P < 0.01) was recycled to the digestive tract in supplemented than in non-supplemented steers, but in either case c. 60% of the total amount recycled was transferred to the rumen. A model summarizing N transactions in the body is presented for steers on the basal hay diet and when supplemented with the pelleted meal.

scholarly journals Dynamic aspects of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Urea Metabolism ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract

1. To obtain a quantitative model for nitrogen pathways in sheep, a study of ammonia and urea metabolism was made by using isotope dilution techniques with [15N]ammonium sulphate and [15N]urea and [14C]urea.2. Single injection and continuous infusion techniques of isotope dilution were used for measuring ammonia and urea entry rates.3. Sheep were given 33 g of chaffed lucerne hay every hour; the mean dietary N intake was 23.4 g/d.4. It was estimated that 59% of the dietary N was digested in the reticulo-rumen; 29% of the digested N was utilized as amino acids by the micro-organisms, and 71% was degraded to ammonia.5. Of the 14.2 g N/d entering the ruminal ammonia pool, 9.9 g N/d left and did not return to the pool, the difference of 4.3 g N/d represented recycling, largely within the rumen itself (through the pathways: ruminal ammonia → microbial protein → amino acids → ammonia).6. Urea was synthesized in the body at a rate of 18.4 g N/d from 2.0 g N/d of ammonia absorbed through the rumen wall and 16.4 g N/d apparently arising from deamination of amino acids and ammonia absorbed from the lower digestive tract.7. In the 24 h after intraruminal injection of [15N]ammonium salt, 40–50% of the N entering the plasma urea pool arose from ruminal ammonia; 26% of the15N injected was excreted in urinary N.8. Although 5.1g N/d as urea was degraded apparently in the digestive tract, only 1.2g N/d appeared in ruminal ammonia; it is suggested that the remainder may have been degraded in the lower digestive tract.9. A large proportion of the urea N entering the digestive tract is apparently degraded and absorbed and the ammonia incorporated in the pools of nitrogenous compounds that turn over only slowly. This may be a mechanism for the continuous supply to the liver of ammonia for these syntheses.10. There was incorporation of15N into bacterial fractions isolated from rumen contents after intraruminal and intravenous administration of [15N]ammonium salts and [15N]urea respectively.11. A model for N pathways in sheep is proposed and, for this diet, many of the pool sizes and turn-over rates have been either deduced or estimated directly.

scholarly journals Protein and energy metabolism of lactating Granadina goats

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Aguilera ◽  
C. Prieto ◽  
J. FonollÁ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Body Energy

Twelve goats of the Granadina breed in mid- and late lactation were used in two consecutive years to determine their protein and energy requirements for lactation. The animals were individually fed on diets based on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay and barley. A total of six balance experiments were carried out. Gas exchange was measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Milk yield ranged widely from 0.649 to 1.742 kg/d in the first year and from 0.222 to 1.989 kg/d in the second year, a steady decline in milk output being observed as lactation progressed. Milk composition remained rather constant during the midstage of lactation, with an average content (/kg milk) for total solids, total nitrogen, fat and gross energy of 149.7 g, 5.39 g, 58.8 g and 3.59 MJ respectively. Total endogenous N, endogenous urinary N and maintenance requirement for N in lactating goats were estimated to be 244, 218 mg N/kg body-weight (W)0.75 per d and 478 mg total N/kg W0.75 per d respectively from regression equations. A constant efficiency of use of dietary N for milk N plus retained N of 51.0 % was found. By regressing milk energy plus apparent body energy retention or loss on metabolizable energy (ME) intake, the maintenance energy requirement was estimated to be 401 kJ ME/kg W0.79 per d. When estimating the corrected milk yield as milk energy +(0.84 x negative energy retention) +(1.05 x positive energy retention), regression analysis indicated that the overall efficiency of use of ME for lactation was 66.7%. Also, from a plot of apparent body energy retention v milk energy yield, both expressed as a percentage of ME intake above maintenance, the efficiency with which ME was used to promote energy retention in the body during lactation was calculated to be 0.907 times that for milk secretion.

Undernutrition in grazing sheep. I. Changes in the composition of the body, blood, and rumen contents

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Farrell ◽  
RA Leng ◽  
JL Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Group A ◽  
Body Energy

Studies were made on three initially similar groups of adult Merino sheep at pasture; each group comprised eight animals of which four each had a rumen cannula. Group A was kept at about the initial mean liveweight of 35 kg; groups B and C were reduced in weight over 14 weeks by restriction of grazing and then held at about 26 and 23 kg respectively for 9 months. Measurements were made at intervals of 4-6 weeks of ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia, rumen volume and flow rate of digesta, tritiated water (TOH) space, and blood composition. Haemoglobin concentrations and haematocrit values decreased in the undernourished sheep, but there were no marked changes in blood β-hydroxybutyrate, or lactate, or plasma urea nitrogen. Estimates of body composition from TOH space indicated that sheep in groups B and C lost 51 and 58 Mcal respectively during the first 14 weeks; estimated fat contents were thereafter about 9 and 7% of liveweight. Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance were calculated from estimated VFA production rates and changes in body energy content. During a 9 month period commencing shortly after shearing and extending into winter, requirements per unit liveweight were about 45% greater for the undernourished groups B and C than for group A.

scholarly journals Further studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Computer Simulation Studies ◽  
Microbial N

1. A study of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep was made using isotope dilution techniques with (15NH4)2SO4, [15N]urea and [14C]urea in order to determine quantitatively the movements of urea-N and NH3-N throughout the body of normal, feeding sheep.2. Single injections of 15N-labelled compounds were made into the rumen fluid NH3, caecal fluid NH3 and the blood urea pools, in order to estimate the rates of flux through, and the transfer of N between, these and other nitrogenous pools in the body. 51Cr EDTA was injected into the rumen and caecum with (15NH4)2SO4 to allow estimation of fluid volumes and to provide an indication of mixing, and of times of transit of isotopes between different sampling sites in the digestive tract.3. The sheep ate approximately 22 g lucerne chaff/h and the mean dietary N intake was 16.3 g/d.4. The rate of flux of NH3 through the rumen NH3 pool was 15.0 g/d (i.e. 90% of the dietary N ingested; however, this amount also included N from plasma urea (1.1 g/d) and other endogenous sources including NH3 derived from caecal NH3 (0.4 g/d).5. Only 40% of the N in isolated rumen bacteria was derived from NH3, indicating that a considerable proportion of their N requirements were obtained from compounds other than NH3 (e.g. peptides and amino acids).6. There was evidence of recycling of N between nitrogenous pools in the rumen, probably through rumen NH3 → microbial N → NH3.7. It was estimated that 5.3 g blood urea-N/d entered the digestive tract: 20% of this urea was degraded in the rumen, 25% in the caecum and the remainder was apparently degraded elsewhere; there was evidence of urea degradation in the large intestine posterior to the caecum and it is suggested that urea degradation and absorption of the resultant NH3 may occur in the ileum.8. Of the 4.8 g N/d entering the caecal NH3 pool, 4.2 g N/d left and did not return and the difference (0.6 g N/d) was recycled, possibly through caecal NH3 → microbial N → NH3.9. A large proportion of the NH3 entering the caecal NH3 pool (70% or 3.2 g N/d) was apparently derived from degradation of nitrogenous products, other than urea, including rumen microbial N (1.0 g N/d) passing undigested from the small intestine.10. Less than half the NH3-N of caecal origin entering the rumen passed through the blood urea pool; the remainder was apparently transported as other nitrogenous compounds in the blood or body fluids.11. The results of the three experiments were combined in a general three-pool, opencompartment model which formally recognizes an unlimited number of other unspecified, interconnected pools together comprising the whole-animal system. Rates of flux through, and transfer of N between these and other nitrogenous pools in the body were calculated by solving this model and the information derived has been applied to whole-animal models with a view to subsequently using these models in computer simulation studies.

Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight. 3. Energy balance

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
J. R. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Combustion Energy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Mature Size

ABSTRACTUsing a simplified energy balance equation, changes in energetic efficiency and energy expenditure were examined as a function of stage of maturity in rams and ewes from flocks of Merino sheep selected for high (weight-plus) and low (weight-minus) weaning weight and from a randomly bred control flock.Specific combustion energy of the body (i.e. MJ/kg of body weight) was an increasing linear function of stage of maturity, which increased at a slightly faster rate in the weight-minus than in the weight-plus animals (15·1 v. 13·1 MJ/kg per unit of maturity), and at a faster rate in ewes than in rams (17·2 v. 11·3 MJ/kg per unit of maturity). At maturity, all strains had a similar mean specific combustion energy (18·3 MJ/kg), whereas the ewes were greater than the rams (20·1 v. 16·6 MJ/kg).Thermochemical efficiency (TCE, defined as the gain in body energy per unit of metabolizable energy intake) was a quadratic function of stage of maturity. In the early post-weaning period, the weight-plus had a greater TCE than the weight-minus animals and the maximum TCE occurred at an earlier stage of maturity in the weight-plus than in the weight-minus animals (0·40 v. 0·45 maturity). The ewes had a higher TCE than the rams at all stages of maturity, although the differences decreased as the animals matured. The maximum TCE occurred at a later stage of maturity in the ewes than in the rams (0·46 v. 0·38 maturity).After scaling for differences in mature size there was little difference between the strains in the rate of energy expenditure, with the exception that at the later stages of maturity the weight-minus animals had a slightly greater rate of energy expenditure. After scaling for differences in mature size, the rams had a greater rate of energy expenditure than the ewes from weaning to maturity.

scholarly journals Rates of production of methane in the rumen and large intestine of sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Murray ◽  
A. M. Bryant ◽  
R. A. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Lower Digestive Tract ◽  
Isotope Tracer Method

1. An isotope tracer method for estimating methane production in sheep is described.2. The technique was used to estimate methane produced in both the upper and lower digestive tract and to determine the routes by which it was excreted.3. Four Merino ewes given lucerne chaff (33 g every hour) were used.4. Total methane production rate was 21±1.1 (se) ml/min; production in the rumen accounted for 87±1.2% of the total production; 95±1.4% of the methane produced in the rumen was excreted by eructation.5. Of the methane produced in the lower digestive tract, 89±2.3% was excreted through the lungs and 11% through the anus.

The nitrogen metabolism of sheep consuming Flinders grass (Iseilema spp.), Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) and mixed native pasture

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Norton ◽  
RM Murray ◽  
KW Entwistle ◽  
JV Nolan ◽  
FM Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Conservation ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Energy Balances

Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism of sheep given Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.), Flinders grass (Iseilema spp.) and mixed native pasture were investigated. All diets were of low nutritive value as demonstrated by negative nitrogen and energy balances in sheep on these diets. Studies of urea metabolism demonstrated a significant relationship between plasma urea concentration, the rate of irreversible loss of urea from plasma and the rate of urea degradation in the digestive tract. On average, 81% of the urea synthesized in the body was transferred to the digestive tract and degraded to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The proportion of urea degradation occurring intraruminally was estimated during an intravenous infusion of 14C urea by measuring the rate of appearance of 14CO2 in ruminal fluid, the proportion degraded post-ruminally being obtained by difference. Urea degraded in the rumen accounted for 7–13% of the total quantity degraded in the digestive tract, and the rate of urea transfer (0.55 ± 0.13 g nitrogen/day) was not related to the rate of urea synthesis in the body. The lower digestive tract was the major site of urea degradation in sheep given these low protein diets, and the rate of urea transfer to this part of the digestive tract was linearly related to the rate of urea synthesis in the body. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to nitrogen conservation in sheep given low quality diets.

STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lev Bershteyn ◽  
Aleksandr Ivantsov ◽  
Aglaya Ievleva ◽  
A. Venina ◽  
I. Berlev
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Her 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.

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