scholarly journals Effect of dietary vicine and vitamin E supplementation on the productive performance of growing and laying chickens

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Muduuli ◽  
Ronald R. Marquardt ◽  
Wilhelm Guenter
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

1. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary vicine (2, 6-diamino-4, 5 dihydroxy pyrimidine-5 (β-D-glucopyranoside)) and supplemental vitamin E on the performance of laying hens and growing chicks.2. Chicks fed on diets that contained vicine had similar growth rates but slightly higher levels of spontaneous haemolysis of erythrocytes than birds fed on a control diet.3. Vicine when fed to laying hens had a very dramatic effect. It depressed food consumption, egg weight, fertility and hatchability of eggs, packed cell volume and erythrocyte haemoglobin levels and led to increased liver weights, liver glutathione levels, liver and plasma lipid levels, plasma lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte haemolysis in vitro. Liver protein and plasma vitamin E:lipid levels were not altered. Vitamin E supplementation slightly increased egg weights, markedly improved fertility and hatchability of eggs and lowered liver weights and lipid levels but did not affect the other factors examined.4. It is concluded that vicine which was isolated from faba beans (Vicia faba L.) has a marked influence on the metabolism of the laying hen and only a slight effect on the growing chick. Vicine or its metabolites or both cause peroxidation of cellular components which result in abnormal lipid transport or synthesis or both, increased fragility of erythrocytes, and reduced fertility. These effects are overcome to varying extents by supplemental vitamin E.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY VICINE ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING CHICKENS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID S. MUDUULI ◽  
RONALD R. MARQUARDT ◽  
WILHELM GUENTER
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Erythrocyte Hemolysis ◽  
Lower Ratio

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary vicine [2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxy pyrimidine-5 (β-D-glucopyranoside)] on feed consumption, egg and yolk weight, egg production, egg fertility and hatchability, in vitro hemolysis of red blood cells, plasma lipid levels, and the peroxide, glutathione and vitamin E levels in plasma and/or liver. Vicine, when fed to laying hens, reduced the number of developing ova, egg and yolk weights and the fertility and hatchability of eggs. Yolks from vicine-fed birds had a lower ratio of yolk height:diameter and increased incidence of blood spots. Vicine consumption also elevated plasma lipid and lipid peroxide levels, increased erythrocyte hemolysis, and depressed the ratio of plasma vitamin E:lipid. In addition these birds had heavier livers with higher lipid peroxide and GSH levels. However, liver and plasma protein and liver lipid levels were not affected by dietary vicine. The effects of dietary vicine in these studies were not due to altered feed consumption of the birds. It is concluded that vicine, which was isolated from fababeans (Vicia faba L.), has a marked influence on the metabolism of the laying hen. Vicine may produce pro-oxidants that cause lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte hemolysis and interfere with normal lipid metabolism in the hen.

The early anaemia of the premature infant: is there a place for vitamin E supplementation?

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Conway ◽  
I Rawson ◽  
P. R. F. Dear ◽  
S. E. Shires ◽  
J. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Baby ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

1. The efficacy of oral vitamin E supplementation in preventing the early anaemia of the premature infant was assessed in a 10-week double-blind trial. Forty-two babies received either a placebo or 5 or 15 mg supplementary vitamin E/d with oral feeding. No infant received less than the recommended vitamin E:polyunsaturated fatty acid (E:PUFA) value of 0.6. No iron supplement was given.2. Weekly full blood counts were taken, and plasma vitamin E assay and in vitro haemolysis tests performed on blood sampled on day 1, and also at 6 and 10 weeks of age. All blood withdrawn and transfused and all feeds were documented.3. Thirty-six (86%) of the babies had a plasma vitamin E level at birth below the accepted adult norm, i.e. < 5200 μg/l. At 6 weeks of age thirty-three (79%) and at 10 weeks thirty-five (83%) of the babies had levels within the normal adult range. No baby showed either clinical or haematological evidence of a vitamin E deficiency state during the trial.4. It is concluded that in the absence of Fe supplementation and observing the minimum recommended E:PUFA value, contemporary feeding practices allow for the absorption of sufficient vitamin E by the premature baby to prevent the development of an early haemolytic anaemia.5. No significant relation was found between plasma vitamin E levels and the degree of peroxide haemolysis.

Retrolental Fibroplasia and Vitamin E in the Preterm Infant—Comparison of Oral Versus Intramuscular:Oral Administration

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Helen M. Hittner ◽  
Michael E. Speer ◽  
Arnold J. Rudolph ◽  
Cindy Blifeld ◽  
Prabhujeet Chadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

To evaluate the efficacy of four early intramuscular injections of vitamin E given in addition to continuous minimal oral vitamin E supplementation, 168 very low-birth-weight infants (≤1,500 g) have enrolled in a randomized, double-masked, clinical study. All infants received vitamin E orally, 100 mg/kg/d. In addition, on days 1, 2, 4, and 6, seventy-nine infants received vitamin E intramuscularly, 15, 10, 10, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. On the same days, 89 control infants received placebo intramuscular injections. Multivariate analysis of the 135 infants who survived ≥10 weeks showed no significant difference in the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia between these two supplementation schedules (P = .86). Plasma vitamin E levels never exceeded a mean of 3.3 mg/100 mL, and no toxicity was observed. Ultrastructural analyses of seven pairs of whole eye donations from infants receiving IM vitamin E demonstrated identical kinetics of gap junction formation between adjacent spindle cells as compared with 13 pairs of whole eye donations from control infants (P &gt; .3). Therefore, oral vitamin E supplementation affords retinal protection against the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia when initiated on the first day of life and maintained continuously until retinal vascularization is complete.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Longevity in Okinawa: An Investigation of Blood Lipid Peroxidation and Tocopherol in Okinawan Centenarians

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
D. Craig Willcox ◽  
Matthew W. Rosenbaum ◽  
Bradley J. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Aging

Background. The Free Radical Theory of Aging mechanistically links oxidative stress to aging. Okinawa has among the world's longest-lived populations but oxidative stress in this population has not been well characterized.Methods. We compared plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) and vitamin E—plasma and intracellular tocopherol levels (total α, β, and γ), in centenarians with younger controls.Results. Both LPO and vitamin E tocopherols were lower in centenarians, with the exception of intracellular β-tocopherol, which was significantly higher in centenarians versus younger controls. There were no significant differences between age groups for tocopherol: cholesterol and tocopherol: LPO ratios. Correlations were found between α-Tocopherol and LPO in septuagenarians but not in centenarians.Conclusions. The low plasma level of LPO in Okinawan centenarians, compared to younger controls, argues for protection against oxidative stress in the centenarian population and is consistent with the predictions of the Free Radical Theory of Aging. However, the present work does not strongly support a role for vitamin E in this phenomenon. The role of intracellular β-tocopherol deserves additional study. More research is needed on the contribution of oxidative stress and antioxidants to human longevity.

The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys. XIV: Plasma Lipid Peroxide and Serum Vitamin E Levels in Patients with and Without Tardive Dyskinesia, and in Normal Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. McCreadie ◽  
Elizabeth MacDonald ◽  
David Wiles ◽  
Graham Campbell ◽  
John R. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Plasma Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Radical Damage

BackgroundTardive dyskinesia (TD) may be mediated through free radical damage to neurons. Plasma lipid peroxide levels are a measure of radical damage to fats. Vitamin E is a free radical scavenger.MethodOne hundred and twenty-eight schizophrenic patients were examined for TD using the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma lipid peroxide, serum vitamin E and cholesterol, and vitamin Exholesterol ratios. Twenty-four patients were also examined in October 1993, January 1994, and April 1994. Biochemical results were compared in 81 patients and 79 normal subjects.ResultsPatients with and without TD did not differ in median plasma lipid peroxide and serum vitamin E levels, or vitamin Exholesterol ratios. Correlations between seasonal change scores in TD and biochemical measurements were low. Lipid peroxide levels were higher and vitamin Exholesterol ratios lower in patients than in normal subjects. Vitamin E levels were lowest in in-patients and in those living in supported accommodation.ConclusionsThe results do not support the hypothesis that TD is mediated through free radical damage to neurons, but suggest increased free radical activity in schizophrenia.

Effect of an ethanolic extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum pods on feed intake, egg production, and plasma lipid profile of laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ronald Herve Santos Ricalde ◽  
Paloma Lopez Lopez ◽  
Luis Sarmiento Franco ◽  
Carlos Sandoval Castro ◽  
Jose Segura Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Plasma Lipid Profile ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum

There is concern about egg cholesterol content. In this study, the effect of an ethanolic extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum (EEEC) pods in laying hen diets on egg production and plasma lipid profile was investigated. EEEC was added in 0 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg, 240 mg/kg, and 480 mg/kg to the diets. Feed intake was lower in laying hens fed diets with 480 mg/kg of EEEC (p < 0.05). Albumen was less heavy and wide in laying hens fed diets with EEEC, in comparison to those in the control diet (p < 0.05). No significant effect of EEEC on cholesterol in plasma was observed (p < 0.08); however, a significant increase of high-density lipids (HDL) in proportion of total cholesterol was observed in hens supplemented with 120 mg/kg of EEEC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EEEC reduced albumen weight and wide in eggs, and 120 mg/kg of EEEC in the diet increased HDL in proportion to total cholesterol in blood.

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