Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
P Absorption

1. Pigs growing from 20 to 60 kg live weight were given diets based on barley, weatings and fish meal, or starch, sucrose and groundnut meal or starch, sucrose and casein. Seventeen pigs were fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum (posterior to entry of bile and pancreatic ducts), jejunum or terminal ileum and twenty-four non-cannulated pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial.2. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium passing through the reentrant cannulas and amounts excreted in the faeces were measured. These values were used to calculate the direction and extent of net movements of the five elements through the walls of the four parts of the digestive tract anterior to the collection sites.3. The small intestine was the principal site of Ca and P absorption but there were differences between the diets in the relative importance of the regions anterior and posterior to the mid-jejunum.4. Secretion of small amounts of Mg occurred in the anterior small intestine; the ileum and large intestine were the principal sites of net absorption.5. There was a large net secretion of Na anterior to the duodenal cannulas and further secretion into the anterior small intestine with each diet. There were marked differences between diets in the amounts secreted but the ileal Na concentration was the same in each instance. Absorption occurred in the ileum and large intestine.6. Secretion of small amounts of K was evident anterior to the duodenal cannulas and net absorption occurred in both parts of the small intestine with each diet.

Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Immediate Response

1. Seven pigs of 30 kg initial live weight were fitted with re-entrant cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each was fed, in succession, four purified diets having cellulose and sodium levels (g/kg) of 30 and 2.7, 30 and 0.9, 90 and 2.7 or 90 and 0.9, respectively. Collections of digesta (24 h) and 3 or 4 d collections of faeces were made.2. There was a greater throughput of ileal digesta with the high-cellulose diets than with the low-cellulose diets, mainly due to increased water content, and there was a concomitant reduction in the net absorption of Na from the small intestine. The immediate response to reduced Na intake was increased secretion of Na into the gut lumen anterior to the terminal ileum; this was more pronounced with the high-cellulose diet. Na concentrations in ileal digesta were very similar for all four diets.3. The apparent absorptions of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and zinc were reduced by the high-cellulose diets. In each instance this was due to reduced absorption posterior to the terminal ileum.

scholarly journals Studies on intestinal digestion in the sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
D. C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. In each of three experiments, two sheep were given diets consisting of hay, or two parts hay to one part barley or one part hay to two parts barley. Each sheep was equipped with a cannula into the rumen and re-entrant cannulas into the proximal duodenum and the terminal ileum. The rations containing barley were supplemented to adjust the intake of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium to a level similar to that in the all-hay ration. Paper impregnated with chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was given twice daily by rumen fistula.2. Amounts of crude ash and the five minerals entering and leaving the small intestine and excreted in the faeces were measured. The amounts passing through the re-entrant cannulas were adjusted to give 100% recovery of chromic oxide. The values were used to calculate the direction and net movements of the elements through the walls of the three main parts of the alimentary tract.3. In all instances there was an extensive net secretion of Na and P between mouth and small intestine, net absorption of K and P from the small intestine and of Na from the large intestine.4. The net movements of Ca and Mg were small and rather variable. In five of the six observations there was a small net secretion of Ca and small net absorption of Mg during passage of the digesta through the reticulo-rurnen, omasurn and abomasurn. Net secretion of Ca and Mg apparently occurred in the small intestine and net absorption of Mg in the large intestine.5. The only between-diet differences were small differences in net movements of Na and K.

scholarly journals The activity of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin during 24 h periods in the small intestine of growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Digesta were collected from twenty-two pigs, of 40 kg mean live weight, and fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum.2. Three approximately isonitrogenous diets were given to the pigs; their main constituents were: barley, fine wheat offal and white fish meal (diet BWF); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and either groundnut (diet SSG) or casein (diet SSC).3. The activities of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin were measured every hour in duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods. Chymotrypsin and trypsin were also measured every hour in jejunal digesta and every 6 h in ileal digesta, during 24 h collection periods.4. The mean total pepsin activities in the duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) were: 7764400 (diet BWF), 6078400 (diet SSG), 5801 600 (diet SSC).5. The mean total chymotrypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) in digesta in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively were: 62920, 59560, 21 880 (diet BWF), 78240, 68400, 24680 (diet SSG). 75280, 76120, 6160 (diet SSC).6. The mean total trypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) in digesta from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively were: 256840, 362840, 77600 (diet BWF), 211 200, 205280. 46720 (diet SSG) 325720, 428560, 13600 (diet SSC).7. It was calculated that the total weights of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin in duodenal digesta in 24 h periods were between 6·2 and 7·1 g. This represents 20–25% of previously published estimates of the amounts of endogenous protein in this part of the gut.

scholarly journals Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids

1. Digesta were collected from seventeen pigs initially of 30 kg live weight fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. A further twenty-four pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial.2. The pigs received three types of diet containing: barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet BWF); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals and vitamins and either groundnut (diet SSG) or casein (diet SSC).3. Amino acids were measured in samples representative of the digesta flow in 24 h periods and in the faeces collected in 5 d periods.4. For each diet the total flow in 24 h periods in the duodenum for aspartic acid, threonine, serine and glycine exceeded or equalled intake, while the amounts of the other amino acids were usually rather less than intake.5. For each diet in the jejunum, the amounts of glycine and cystine exceeded intake in 24 h periods, while methionine, arginine and tyrosine were the most rapidly absorbed amino acids anterior to the cannula site. On average 0.22, 0.25 and 0.31 of the dietary amino acids were absorbed anterior to the cannula site for diets BWF, SSG and SSC, respectively.6. For each diet in the ileum, the least apparently absorbed dietary amino acids were glycine and cystine. On average 0.81, 0.83 and 0.95 of the dietary amino acids were absorbed anterior to the cannula site for diets BWF, SSG and SSC, respectively.7. There was net disappearance of most amino acids in the large intestine, but some net accumulation occurred in this region.8. The results are discussed in relation to the amino acid composition of endogenous secretions (particularly glycine in bile), protease and peptidase specificity, free amino acid absorption and the role of the microflora in the large intestine.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

A note on the effect of sudden changes in the composition of the diet of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYTwo diets, one based on barley and white-fish meal and the other on oats, wheat and meat and bone meal, with similar concentrations of digestible energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine+cystine were used to investigate the effects of sudden changes in the composition of the diet on the performance of pigs growing from 32 kg live weight, over a period of 77 days.The diets were given separately, alternated weekly with sudden changes from one diet to the other, or as a 1:1 mixture.Changes in diet per se had insignificant effects on performance.

scholarly journals Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Sambrook
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Groundnut Meal

1. Seventeen pigs fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum (posterior to the point of entry of the bile and pancreatic ducts), the mid-jejunum, or the terminal ileum, and a further twenty-four non-cannulated pigs were used.2. Three diets were used: these contained barley, fine wheat offal, white fish meal, minerals and vitamins (diet BWF); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose, minerals, vitamins and either groundnut meal (diet SSG) or casein (diet SSC).3. The quantities of total lipid (TL), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) passing through the re-entrant cannulas and excreted in the faeces in 24 h were measured. These were used to determine the net absorption (or synthesis or secretion) in the different regions of the intestine.4. There was substantial secretion of TL into the proximal small intestine and major absorption from the distal portion for all three diets. In the large intestine there was little or no further net absorption for diets SSG and SSC, but significant synthesis or secretion for diet BWF.5. Fibre digestion occurred in both the small and large intestines and the apparent absorption of ADF in the different regions studied was influenced by diet.6. There were detectable amounts of VFA at all sites but only at the ileum and in the faeces could they be accurately measured. Diet did not affect the molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate in ileal digesta, but did have an effect on these VFA in the faeces.

scholarly journals The value of hydrocarbon-grown yeast as a source of protein for growing pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
A. W. Myres
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Diets

1. The yeast grown on normal paraffins (British Petroleum Proteins Ltd, London) contained 62% crude protein and, except for lower content of methionine, its amino acid composition was similar to that of white fish meal.2. The value to growing pigs of yeast + methionine as a protein supplement to diets based on barley and fine wheat offal was compared with that of white fish meal. The two protein supplements supplied the same amount of total nitrogen and were compared at a ‘standard’ level, commonly used in practice, and at a ‘low’ level. Two experiments were conducted: a feeding trial covering the live-weight range from 20 to 90 kg, and a metabolic trial (20–60 kg live weight) in which N retention and digestibility were measured.3. There was a small but significant difference in favour of the yeast treatment for growth rate and feed conversion ratio, but there were no consistent differences in the linear measurements of the carcasses due to protein source.4. In the metabolic trial there was no significant difference in performance, N retention, apparent N digestibility or linear carcass measurements and no consistent difference in tissue components, between the diets supplemented with yeast or fish meal.5. In pigs given the ‘low’-protein diets, performance and most of the other variables measured were significantly poorer than in those given the ‘standard’ protein diets, irrespective of whether yeast or fish meal was the source of supplementary protein.6. It is concluded that yeast (+ methionine) may be closely equated with high-quality fish meal as a protein supplement in diets for growing pigs. The small differences found are discussed in relation to possible differences in availability of amino acids and energy values in the diets.

scholarly journals The influence of diet on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
A. G. Low ◽  
I. E. Sambrook ◽  
T. Corring
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Pancreatic juice was collected from six pigs of 48 kg initial weight fitted with a collection catheter in the pancreatic duct and a return catheter in the duodenum.2. Measurements of flow and composition of the juice were made during 24 h periods after adaptation to isonitrogenous diets based on barley, wheatings and fish meal (diet BWF) or starch, sucrose, casein, maize oil and cellulose (diet SSC), given in a change-over design. Measurements were also made during the periods of adaptation to a change from one diet to the other.3. Mean flow-rates for pigs adapted to diets showed a highly significant four-fold difference between diets; values were 4962 ml/d for diet BWF and 1273 ml/d for diet SSC. The hourly volumes of juice were very variable and showed no clear response to feeding and no consistent diurnal pattern for either diet.4. There were no significant differences between diets in the specific activities of the proteases. Average values were (units/nig protein) trypsin. (EC 3.4.21.4) 29·6, chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) 7·7, carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1) 0·65, carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2) 1.6. The total output of each tended to be higher with diet BWF than with diet SSC. The specific activities and tolal outputs of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) were significantly higher for diet BWF than for diet SSC; specific activities for the two diets respectively were: (units/mg protein) α-amylase 95·6 and 42·3, lipase 59·0 and 14·5.5. The higher daily volume of juice with diet BWF was associated with significantly (but only slightly) higher levels of both sodium and potassium, compared with diet SSC.6. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on digestion at this Institute, in which pigs with intestinal cannulas were given the same diets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document