scholarly journals Iron metabolism in the veal calf. The availability of different iron compounds

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bremner ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

1. The haematological status of Ayrshire bull calves reared on fat-supplemented skim milk from about 17 d of age has been examined. The calves were moderately anaemic after an 11-week experiment and it was shown that their performance was related to their blood haemoglobin concentration.2. The relative availabilities of iron from FeSO4, ferric citrate, ferric-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and iron phytate were compared at a supplementary dietary concentration of 30 μg Fe/g. No significant differences were noted between the three soluble Fe sources but the Fe of the insoluble iron phytate was less available.3. The decreases in blood haemoglobin concentrations in all calves were greatest in the early weeks of the experiment. In calves given supplementary Fe, however, there was generally an improvement in haematological status after 6 weeks. Plasma Fe concentrations fell to 0·20 μg/ml in the most deficient animals. Total Fe binding capacities averaged about 10 μg Fe/ml in the later stages of the experiment.4. Some of the calves were copper-deficient, and in some animals the effects of dietary Cu supplementation on both Cu and Fe metabolism were studied. About 50% of the supplementary Cu was retained in the livers of the calves.5. A dietary intake of 40 μg Fe/g milk powder appears to be sufficient to prevent all but a very mild anaemia, provided the Fe is presented in soluble form.

scholarly journals Iron Metabolism in the veal calf

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bremner ◽  
A. C. Dalgarno
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Dry Diet

1. The iron requirements of eighteen Ayrshire bull calves reared on fat-supplemented skim milk for 14 weeks fromc.16 d of age have been studied. There was a highly significant relationship between dietary Fe intake (10, 40 and 100 mg/kg dry diet) and blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and plasma Fe concentration.2. A microcytic normochromic anaemia developed in the calves given a diet containing 10 mg Fe/kg diet, but not in the other calves.3. Plasma Fe concentrations increased to > 5 μg Fe/ml in calves receiving 100 mg Fe/kg diet but there were no effects of Fe treatment on plasma Fe-binding capacity, which rose from 4·9 to 8·4 μg Fe/ml during the experiment. Saturation of plasma transferrin was only 3% in the Fe-deficient calves.4. There were some significant effects of Fe treatment on tissue concentrations of Fe and cytochromec.5. Dietary supplementation with 5 mg copper/kg dry diet had little effect on the growth or haematological status of the calves, although there were significant Cu × Fe interactions for mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. There was no evidence of Cu deficiency in the calves, as measured by blood and liver Cu concentrations and by ceruloplasmin and cytochrome oxidase activities.

A note on the performance and management of calves reared on cold acidified milk replacer fed ad libitum

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Thickett ◽  
N. H. Cuthbert ◽  
T. D. A. Brigstocke ◽  
M. A. Lindeman ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dry Food

ABSTRACTResults are presented from six trials dealing with aspects of management on the cold ad libitum system of calf rearing using an acidified milk replacer containing over 600 g skim milk powder per kg.Thirty-six calves were housed in pens of six for each trial and were fed through a teat and pipeline from a storage barrel. Acidified milk replacer, pH 5·6, was mixed cold at 125 g/1 and made available ad libitum to 3 weeks. A rationed allowance was given daily, on a reducing scale, over the following 2 weeks with weaning completed at 35 days. A pelleted dry food containing 180 g crude protein per kg, together with water in buckets and barley straw in racks, was available ad libitum throughout. Each trial lasted 8 weeks. Results for the mean of the six cold ad libitum trials involving 216 calves were compared with the mean results of 10 conventional bucket-fed trials carried out separately at the same unit, involving 912 calves. All calves were purchased British Friesian male (bull) calves.Calves on the ad libitum system showed improved live-weight gains of 9·4 kg at 3 weeks, 8·8 kg at 5 weeks and 7·5 kg at 8 weeks, compared with the conventional system. The consumption of milk replacer powder was higher in ad libitum trials at 29·4 kg cf. 12·5 kg by bucket but intake of pelleted dry feed was lower on the ad libitum system at 50·7 kg cf. 71·3 kg to 8 weeks. Calf appearance scores were significantly improved on the ad libitum system which gave the main improvement in performance in the first 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Comparison between time-dependent changes in iron metabolism of rats as induced by marginal deficiency of either vitamin A or iron

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Shiguang Yu ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

To compare the changes in Fe metabolism during the development of vitamin A and Fe deficiencies, rats were given either a control diet with sufficient Fe (35 mg added Fe/kg feed) and retinol (1200 retinol equivalents/kg feed), a diet without added vitamin A or a diet with sufficient vitamin A but only 3.5 mg added Fe/kg feed. During a period of 10 weeks, indicators of vitamin A and Fe status were monitored. Neither vitamin A nor Fe deficiency produced clinical signs. Fe deficiency induced an immediate fall in blood haemoglobin concentration. Vitamin A deficiency produced a mild anaemia as the first change in Fe metabolism, pointing to unpaired erythropoiesis. This effect was followed by a rise in Fe absorption and an increased amount of Fe in the spleen. By the end of the study, blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma Fe and Fe content in kidney and femur had increased above control levels, while total Fe-binding capacity had decreased. We speculate that the initial anaemia was masked later by haemoconcentration. The decrease in Fe mobilization, shown by lower total Fe-binding capacity, and the increase in Fe absorption may have caused the observed continuous rise in tissue Fe concentration in rats with vitamin A deficiency. In the rats with Fe deficiency, low tissue Fe levels coincided with high Fe absorption and high total Fe-binding capacity. Thus, changes in Fe metabolism with vitamin A deficiency differed from those with Fe deficiency.

The nutrition of the veal calf 6. The effect of ultra-high (68 per cent) fat milk powders added to liquid skim milk, and a comparison with spray-dried skim milk powder containing 20 per cent margarine fat

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
Helen J. Gaston ◽  
Susan M. Shotton ◽  
P. Ganderton
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Veal Calf ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Spray Dried

SUMMARY1. Fifty-one Jersey, Ayrshire and British Friesian male calves were reared from birth to veal weights on one of three liquid diets.2. Two ultra-high fat milk powders containing 680 g fat, either beef tallow (T) or a mixture of coconut oil and beef tallow (CT)/kg dry matter were prepared and mixed with liquid skim milk (35 g powder/kg) to give diets TLS and CTLS, containing 200 g fat/kg dry matter. A third diet consisted of reconstituted spray-dried skim milk powder containing 200 g margarine fat/kg (MDS).3. The incidence of diarrhoea and of nasal discharge for all breeds, and of a high rectal temperature for the Ayrshire breed was greatest for calves given diet MDS and lowest for those given diet TLS. The incidence of lung lesions at slaughter was 100, 72 and 57% for the Jersey, Friesian and Ayrshire breeds respectively. Severity of lung lesions was lowest for calves given diet TLS.4. Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain, especially for the Ayrshire breed, were greater for calves given diets containing liquid skim milk and the ultra-high fat powders (TLS and CTLS).5. Fat digestibility was lowest on diet TLS. Protein digestibility increased with age. Digestibility of dry matter and lactose, and absorption of ash and calcium decreased with age. Calcium and N retention were lowest on diet MDS.6. Killing-out percentage was highest for the Friesian and lowest for the Jersey breed. Perirenal fat deposition was highest for the Jersey and lowest for the Ayrshire breed. Skin weight/kg0·73 was higher for the Ayrshire calves than for the other two breeds.

The nutrition of the veal calf 5. Comparison of two margarine fats

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
Helen J. Gaston ◽  
Susan M. Shotton ◽  
P. Ganderton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Veal Calf

SUMMARY1. Twenty newborn Ayrshire male calves were used in a comparison of milk substitute diets containing two different margarine fats. The liquid diets were offered in two feeds daily ad libitum and the calves were slaughtered at 118 kg live weight.2. The two diets consisted of reconstituted spray-dried skim milk powder containing 200 g margarine fat/kg. One fat contained coconut and palm oils (CP) and the other coconut, palm and groundnut oils (CPG). The essential fatty acid content of margarine CP was less than half that of margarine CPG.3. The incidence of diarrhoea and of a high rectal temperature, and the severity of lung lesions tended to be higher, the incidence of nasal discharge was higher and daily dry-matter intake and liveweight gain were lower for calves given margarine CPG.4. Digestibility and balance trials were made at 1, 4 and 10 weeks of age. Nitrogen balance and apparent digestibility of the fat and other nutrients were not affected by the source of margarine, but the digestibility of dry matter and of fat was highest at 4 weeks of age, and of protein was lowest at 1 week of age. Apparent absorption of ash and calcium declined with age and absolute calcium retention was highest at 4 weeks. Total plasma lipids at 13 weeks of age did not differ between treatments.5. Age at slaughter was greater for calves given margarine CPG but dressed-carcass weight, killing-out percentage, perirenal fat deposition and kidney weight did not differ between treatments. Skin weight tended to be lower for the calves given margarine CPG. 6. It is suggested that the apparent increased susceptibility to infection of calves given margarine CPG was associated with its higher unsaturated fatty acid content.

Improved heat stability of recombined evaporated milk emulsions by wet heat pretreatment of skim milk powder dispersions

2021 ◽  
pp. 106757
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Wu ◽  
Simin Chen ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ali Sedaghat Doost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Heat Pretreatment ◽  
Wet Heat

Anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15, and its synergy with hydrolysed lactose skim milk powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 104997
Author(s):  
Sejeong Kim ◽  
Jae Yeon Joung ◽  
Daekyoung Kang ◽  
Nam Su Oh ◽  
Yohan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder

Influence of blood haemoglobin concentration on renal haemodynamics and oxygenation during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugeesh R. Lankadeva ◽  
Clive N. May ◽  
Andrew D. Cochrane ◽  
Bruno Marino ◽  
Sally G. Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Renal Haemodynamics ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Associated with Spray-Dried Milk

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. R. Anderson ◽  
Doris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Spray Dried

SummaryEight explosive outbreaks of food poisoning, occurring in school canteens in England during 1953 and affecting 1190 known cases, are described. The clinical features were characteristic of the toxin type of illness. No deaths occurred.The food causing all of these outbreaks was prepared from spray-dried skim milk powder. It was not subsequently heat-treated and was usually consumed 3–4 hr. after preparation.The spray-dried milk powder proved to contain a high content of bacteria, including large numbers of Staph. aureus, of a phage pattern often associated with food poisoning. The assumption was therefore made that these outbreaks were caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin.Because the food was often consumed within 3–4 hr. of reconstitution of the milk powder—before, in fact, the staphylococci had had time to grow—it is concluded that the poisoning must have been due mainly to pre-formed toxin.Consideration is given to the opportunities for the formation of toxin in a spray-drying plant, and reasons are brought forward for believing that it is formed mainly in the balance tank where the warm milk is kept, sometimes for several hours, before passing into the final drying chamber.The processing of the milk and the precautions for preventing contamination of the finished product are discussed.

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