scholarly journals Comparison between time-dependent changes in iron metabolism of rats as induced by marginal deficiency of either vitamin A or iron

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Shiguang Yu ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Mild Anaemia ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

To compare the changes in Fe metabolism during the development of vitamin A and Fe deficiencies, rats were given either a control diet with sufficient Fe (35 mg added Fe/kg feed) and retinol (1200 retinol equivalents/kg feed), a diet without added vitamin A or a diet with sufficient vitamin A but only 3.5 mg added Fe/kg feed. During a period of 10 weeks, indicators of vitamin A and Fe status were monitored. Neither vitamin A nor Fe deficiency produced clinical signs. Fe deficiency induced an immediate fall in blood haemoglobin concentration. Vitamin A deficiency produced a mild anaemia as the first change in Fe metabolism, pointing to unpaired erythropoiesis. This effect was followed by a rise in Fe absorption and an increased amount of Fe in the spleen. By the end of the study, blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma Fe and Fe content in kidney and femur had increased above control levels, while total Fe-binding capacity had decreased. We speculate that the initial anaemia was masked later by haemoconcentration. The decrease in Fe mobilization, shown by lower total Fe-binding capacity, and the increase in Fe absorption may have caused the observed continuous rise in tissue Fe concentration in rats with vitamin A deficiency. In the rats with Fe deficiency, low tissue Fe levels coincided with high Fe absorption and high total Fe-binding capacity. Thus, changes in Fe metabolism with vitamin A deficiency differed from those with Fe deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of iron supplementation on mild to moderate anaemia in pulmonary tuberculosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Devi ◽  
C. Mohan Rao ◽  
Vinod K. Srivastava ◽  
Pramod K. Rath ◽  
Bhabani S. Das
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Moderate Anaemia

Anaemia is a common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. The precise mechanism of anaemia in pulmonary tuberculosis is not clearly known, but anaemia of inflammation as well as of Fe deficiency has been implicated. Both are common in developing countries. It is extremely difficult to distinguish anaemia of Fe deficiency from anaemia of inflammation with the haematological indices used routinely. Therefore, Fe preparations are usually prescribed for all anaemic patients irrespective of the aetiology. This approach has been questioned. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Fe supplementation on anaemic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Adult male patients 15–60 years of age with pulmonary tuberculosis and a blood haemoglobin concentration 80–110 g/l were included in the study; healthy adult males matched for age and socio-economic status were taken as controls. Blood haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin and serum Fe, total Fe-binding capacity and ferritin were estimated before treatment and 1, 2 and 6 months after treatment. The patients were divided randomly into three groups and during the initial 2 months of treatment were provided with one of three supplementary regimens consisting of placebo, Fe alone or Fe with other haematinics. Significant improvements in haematological indices and Fe status were noticed in all three groups. Blood haemoglobin concentration, MCV and PCV were significantly higher at 1 month in both Fe-supplemented groups than the placebo group. This difference, however, disappeared at 2 and 6 months with similar values in all three groups. The increase of other haematological indices was similar in all groups. Serum Fe and Fe saturation of transferrin were significantly higher in both Fe-supplemented groups than the placebo group up to 2 months; this effect, however, disappeared at 6 months. There was a consistent increase in TEC and decrease in ferritin values up to 6 months in all groups. Radiological and clinical improvement was similar in all three groups. These observations suggest that Fe supplementation in mild to moderate anaemia associated with pulmonary tuberculosis accelerated the normal resumption of haematopoiesis in the initial phases by increasing Fe saturation of transferrin. However, consistent improvement of haematological status was dependent only on the improvement of the disease process.

scholarly journals Supplemental vitamin A enhances the recovery from iron deficiency in rats with chronic vitamin A deficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnetJ.C Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E West ◽  
Robert Hovenierl ◽  
Anton C Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

Studies with anaemic children and pregnant women from areas where vitamin A deficiency is endemic have shown a beneficial effect on Fe status of supplemental vitamin A in addition to Fe supplementation. This suggests a relationship between vitamin Aand Fe status, which we attempted to mimic in rats with anaemia and chronic vitaminA deficiency. Male rats were fed on Fe-adequate diets (35 mg Fe/kg)containing different levels of vitamin A (1200,450,150,75 and 0 retinol equivalents (RE)/kg feed) until they were 5 weeks old. These diets wereidentical to the diets fed to their mothers. Then the young male rats were transferred to diets containing the same levels of vitamin A but no added Fe. After another 2 weeks the rats wererepleted with Fe (35 mg/kg feed) without or with vitamin A to a level of 1200 RE/kg feed. Increased vitamin A intake by the groups previously fed on diets with either 0 or 75 RE/kg produced a reduction in blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count. In the group which had been fed on the diet without vitamin A, supplemental vitamin A raised mean cell volume, plasma Fe concentration and total Fe-binding capacity. Vitamin A supplementation during the period of Fe repletion produceda decrease in splenic and tibia Fe concentration, the effect being greater with increasing seventy of previous vitamin A deficiency. The paradoxical effect of supplemental vitamin A on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count can be explained by a decrease in the degree of haemwoncentration. Thus, the positive effect of supplemental vitamin A seen in humans is also observed with rats under controlled experimental conditions. We speculate that supplemental vitamin A during Fe repletion contributes to optimum erythropoiesis and Fe mobilization when baseline vitamin A status is impaired

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children, inmates of a small institution for homeless children in the capital of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wilson ◽  
Maria José Roncada ◽  
Rosa Nilda Mazzilli ◽  
Maria Lucia F. Cavalcanti ◽  
Dino B. G. Pattoli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Skinfold Measurement ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Nutritional surveys (food consumption, clinical and biochemichal) were conducted in a small institution for homeless children. Results showed that only 30% of the children presented adequate calorie intake. Most of the children presented adequate protein intake, but almost half consumed less than 2/3 of the calcium RDA considered necessary. Food handling, processing, and distribution also proved inadequate and wastage, high. Skinfold measurement showed up one case of obesity. Furthermore, most of the children presented clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, mostly skin lesions; while about half presented clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency. Biochemical data showed that 63.6% had deficient plasma levels of vitamin A, none showed abnormal results for riboflavin excretion, four showed packed blood cell volume below normal, and all had normal hemoglobin levels. Stool examinations revealed a high rate of pathogenic protozoa (Hymenolepis nana), in fact, one of the highest in Brazilian literature.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Supplementation and Child Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
Kristan A. Aronson ◽  
Barry Edmonston ◽  
George McCabe. A. Catharine Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Mortality Trials ◽  
Low Prevalence

A meta-analysis of eight mortality trials indicates that improving the vitamin A status of children aged six months to five years reduced mortality rates by about 23% in populations with at least low prevalence of clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency. The observed effect of supplementation, described in terms of relative risk (RR), was RR =0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.88; p < .001) and did not differ by sex or age. However, the number of lives saved was greater at younger ages because of higher mortality. A significant RR was shown for deaths attributed to diarrhoea and measles, but not for respiratory infection. Variability among the trials in effects was apparent, but attempts to explain it by descriptors of the population (baseline anthropometric status, prevalence of xerophthalmia, age profile, baseline mortality) were unsuccessful. Owing to the lack of data, firm conclusions could not be reached about effectiveness in children of less than six months and in settings where biochemical but not clinical evidence of vitamin A deficiency exists. Information about morbidity outcomes from about two dozen studies was reviewed. No consistent effects on frequency or prevalence of diarrhoeal and respiratory infections were found. Improvement in vitamin A status did appear to reduce severe morbidity, particularly in children with measles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Robert Hovenier ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In order to induce a range of vitamin A-deficient states in young growing rats and to study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on Fe status, we designed the following two-generation experiment. Dams were fed on diets with one of five vitamin A levels from 2 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups received the same diets as their mothers both before and after weaning. The five dietary levels of vitamin A were 1200, 450, 150, 75 and 0 retinol equivalents/kg feed. Vitamin A intake did not affect reproduction outcome, nor were body and liver weights of the pups affected when they were 3·5 weeks old. Male pups with normal vitamin A status had higher plasma retinol levels than female pups. Vitamin A status of the offspring was affected from 3·5 weeks onwards. Body and liver weights were decreased in the male pups given the lowest dietary vitamin A levels from week 6·5 onwards but not in the female pups. Fe status was marginally affected. Haemoglobin levels were increased and total Fe-binding capacity was decreased in the groups given no dietary vitamin A at week 9·5. Splenic Fe was increased only in the male pups given the lowest levels of dietary vitamin A. However, as a whole, Fe status was only mildly affected and subject to considerable variation. We conclude that the two-generation rat model described here is not suitable for studying effects of vitamin A deficiency on Fe metabolism.

scholarly journals A single dose of vitamin A improves haemoglobin concentration, retinol status and phagocytic function of neutrophils in preschool children

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Jimenez ◽  
Irene Leets ◽  
Rafael Puche ◽  
Elsy Anzola ◽  
Rosa Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Phagocytic Function ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Hb Concentration

Since there is a reported interrelationship between vitamin A and Fe metabolism, and with immunological response, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of vitamin A administered to preschool children, on Fe and vitamin A nutritional status, anaemia and phagocytic function of neutrophils, 30 d after supplementation. A total of eighty children (sixty-eight supplemented and twelve controls) were supplemented orally with 200 000 IU (60 mg) vitamin A, and evaluated for nutritional, haematological and immunological responses at the beginning of the study and 30 d after supplementation. Parameters studied included Hb, serum ferritin, retinol and Fe concentrations, transferrin saturation, IL-4, interferon-γ and phagocityc capacity of neutrophils using non-fluorescent latex microbeads. After supplementation there was a significant increase in Hb concentration (P = 0·03), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (P = 0·001) and serum retinol (P = 0·0078). Prevalences of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency decreased significantly from 17·6 % to 13·2 % and from 25 % to 13·2 %, respectively. Regarding phagocytic function, there was a significant increase in the number of microbeads engulfed by neutrophils (P < 0·05) and no significant changes in cytokine concentrations at 1 month after treatment. A single dose of 200 000 IU (60 mg) vitamin A administered orally to a group of preschool children with a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency enhanced serum retinol and Hb concentrations, decreased the prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency and improved the constitutive phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. Vitamin A supplementation could help to decrease vitamin A deficiency, anaemia prevalence and to improve the innate immunity response in preschool children. The effects were obtained without Fe supplementation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency among school going children of Jasra block of Allahabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kumari Richa ◽  
Gupta Alka ◽  
Prasad Ranu ◽  
Tripathi Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Regular Intake

The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) among school going children of district Allahabad in year 2015 to assess the nutritional status of selected school going children (aged 6-12 years). The six months study was based on school going children in four selected village in Jasra block of Allahabad district.A structured Performa was used to collect the information. Out of the 105 children examined, 2 (1.90%) had clinical signs of night blindness. The overall prevalence of VAD was found to be 10.47%. Most of them exhibited dull and lusterless appearance of conjunctiva, non-had bitot’s spot, any corneal xerosis, corneal scare and keratomalacia. The prevalence of VAD was higher in girls rather than in boys. To overcome this problem of VAD persisting in community, nutrition education regarding regular intake of plant food rich in carotene such as green leafy vegetables, yellow fruits, carrots and animal foods containing retinol like fish liver oil, fortified food like vana- spati, margarine should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Supplementation Coverage and Ocular Signs among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Aleta Chuko Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Temesgen Nigusse ◽  
Achamyelesh Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Health Development ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Ocular Signs

Background. Periodic vitamin A supplementation to children is a cost-effective strategy to avert vitamin A deficiency. However, few pieces of evidence are available about the coverage of vitamin A supplementation at the community level in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess vitamin A supplementation coverage and prevalence of ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency among children aged 6–59 months. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. Data were collected from mothers with children aged 6–59 months using a structured pretested questionnaire. A total of 665 children aged 6 to 59 months were examined for clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency by trained clinical health professionals. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were done. Result. Vitamin A supplementation coverage in the study area was 36.2% (95% CI: 32.6–39.9). Overall, the prevalence of xerophthalmia was 2.7%. Age group 6–23 months (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–2.9), good maternal knowledge (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.1), children with high wealth status (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4–3.8), precampaign health education on vitamin A (AOR: 3.4,95% CI: 2.1–5.6), member of Health Development Army (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7–4.2), and access to health facility within <30 minutes (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6–3.8) were significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A capsule. Conclusion. Vitamin A supplementation coverage of the study area was low as compared to the UNICEF threshold of 70%. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in the study area. Increasing maternal level of knowledge, precampaign health education on vitamin A supplementation, and strengthening Health Development Army are recommended to increase the vitamin A supplementation coverage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescent College Girls at Rawalpindi

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshan Shahid ◽  
Farah Rashid Siddiqui ◽  
Mohammad Ayaz Bhatti ◽  
Mahmood Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Nutrient Consumption

Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of adolescent college girls by assessing the dietary intake in terms of carbohydrates,proteins, Estimating the hemoglobin levels in the study group and studying the clinical signs of malnutrition withspecial emphasis to vitamin A, iron and iodine deficiency.Design of Study: A cross-sectional study.Settings: Two Post-Graduate women colleges of Rawalpindi.Study Duration: 9 Months (From Jan 2006 to September 2006).Materials and Methods: Nutritional status of 508 adolescent girls was assessed with a questionnaire, clinical examinationand biochemical estimation (hemoglobin). The data thus collected was analyzed in July 2006 on computer with the help ofStatistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel.Results: Results revealed that 20%of girls were having BMI <18.5, 77% above 18.5% and 3% were obese. 57.09% of thegirls had goiter out of which 52.96% had palpable goiter and 4.13% had visible goiter. Pallor conjunctiva was seen in 1%girls. No clinical signs of Vitamin A deficiency were seen. Biochemical results indicated that 32.87% of the girls was sufferingfrom Iron deficiency anemia.Conclusions: Large longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, regarding nutrient consumption, dietary habits and nutritionalintervention are required in the adolescent girls. These studies can be thought provoking for the policy maker at thegovernment level. Nutritional education and health promotion can be used as tool to improve the health status of the nation.Key Words: Adolescent Health, Nutrition, Nutritional Assessment.

scholarly journals Effect of a minor vitamin A deficiency on the course of infection with Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788) and the resistance of chickens

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Idi ◽  
A. Permin ◽  
S. Jensen ◽  
K. Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Retinol Acetate ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe effect of vitamin A deficiency was studied in chickens infected with 500 Ascaridia galli eggs and controls. Diet 1 (deficient, 500 IU vitamin A or 172 μg retinol acetate per kg diet), Diet 2 (deficient, 1000 IU vitamin A or 344 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) and Diet 3 (sufficient, 1500 IU vitamin A or 516 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) were assigned to 46 chickens each. Clinical signs, weight gains, livers’ weights, vitamin A levels, worm burdens and parasite eggs’ excretions were recorded.Infected chickens had lower weight gains than the controls fed alike. Chickens given Diet 1 stored lesser vitamin A in liver than those fed Diet 3. Although worm counts in the 3 groups did not differ significantly, chickens fed Diet 1 excreted more A. galli eggs than those fed the 2 other diets. Female worms harboured by chickens fed Diet 1 had higher fecundity at week 5 pi than those of chickens fed Diet 2. Results indicated that Vitamin A is important for poultry in the moderation of the infection with A. galli.

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