scholarly journals Nutritive value of the winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
Maud Kordylas ◽  
F. Pospíšil ◽  
O. Švábenský ◽  
B. Zajíc
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Belt

1. The winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) has been grown successfully for several seasons, on an experimental basis, in the forest belt of Ghana, where earlier attempts to grow the soya bean had proved unsatisfactory.2. Although botanically different, the composition of the dry seeds was found to be very similar to that of the soya bean, containing 37·3% protein, 18·1% fat, 13·9 ppm thiamin and 1·8 ppm riboflavin. The oil of the seeds contained 125·9 mg tocopherol (γ + β) per 100 g. The amino acid composition of the protein was very similar to that of the soya bean, with methionine as the first-limiting amino acid. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and that of poly-unsaturated essential fatty acids were satisfactory.Active trypsin inhibitor found in the raw seeds could be destroyed satisfactorily by moist heat. No urease activity was detected.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) of the beans determined with rats, were superior to those of groundnuts. The supplementary value of the protein was shown by mixing two parts of the winged bean and three parts of maize flour. When adjusted to either 10% or 16% protein, the PER values of these mixtures were similar to those of skim milk. At the 16% protein level, addition of skim milk or 0·3% DL-methionine to this mixture produced only an insignificant improvement in PER value.The pleasant, sweet taste even when in the raw state is one of the advantages of the winged bean. Although, it is a climber, and should be staked, its cultivation on a small scale in selected areas of Ghana is recommended.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Huangqin Tang on Urine Metabolic Profile in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dunfang Wang ◽  
Xuran Ma ◽  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms

As a classic prescription, Huangqin Tang (HQT) has been widely applied to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), although its pharmacological mechanisms are not clear. In this study, urine metabolomics was first analysed to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of HQT in UC rats induced by TNBS. We identified 28 potential biomarkers affected by HQT that might cause changes in urine metabolism in UC rats, mapped the network of metabolic pathways, and revealed how HQT affects metabolism of UC rats. The results showed that UC affects amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and impairs the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). UC induced inflammatory and gastrointestinal reactions by inhibiting the transport of fatty acids and disrupting amino acid metabolism. HQT plays key roles via regulating the level of biomarkers in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and so on, normalizing metabolic disorders. In addition, histopathology and other bioinformatics analysis further confirm that HQT altered UC rat physiology and pathology, ultimately affecting metabolic function of UC rats.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profile, Physicalchemical Properties and Minerals with Quantify Indicador of Astrocaryum aculeatum Pulp Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Linhares ◽  
Ana Marcia D. C. Costa ◽  
Herliana D. F. Abreu ◽  
Ana Cristina G. Reis de Melo ◽  
Pedro R. E. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Acid Index

The species Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae) is known in the Brazilian Amazon as tucumã, whose fruit is much appreciated by the population of the region, where its pulp, oleaginous, is the most consumed. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a profile of fatty acids by GC-FID and minerals by ICP-OES of the oil of the pulp of the tucumã (A. aculeatum), as well as their physicochemical properties by 1H NMR. The fruits were collected in Alto Alegre city, Roraima, Brazil. These were taken to the laboratory, sanitized and removing your pulp, submitted to the oven with air circulation at 50 °C for 72 h, the dried pulps were milled and sieved between 20-40 mesh. The pulp oil extraction was realized in Soxhlet with hexane for 6 hours (yield of 54.7%). Were identified a total of 10 fatty acids, of these 23.8% are saturated fatty acids and 76.2% are unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (10.4%), stearic acid (4.9%), oleic acid (64.2%), linoleic acid (11%) and linolenic acid (1%). The physicochemical properties have a pulp oil acid index of 0.31 mg KOH g-1, saponification of 190.39 mg KOH g-1, iodine index of 85.97 mg g-1. Minerals such as in their available forms K (70.05 mg L-1) Na (30.30 mg L-1), Ca (20.13 mg L-1) and P (20.07 mg L-1) were observed in high concentrations. The Amazon tucumã is an oleaginous that deserves our attention because it is composed of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to the human health.

scholarly journals Extensive Ruminant Production Systems and Milk Quality with Emphasis on Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds, Antioxidant Protection Degree and Phenol Content

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cabiddu ◽  
Delgadillo-Puga ◽  
Decandia ◽  
Molle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Dairy products from grazing ruminant have numerous positive effects on human health thanks to their higher content essential fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols. Compared to livestock fed a conventional maize silage- and/or grain-based diet, grass-fed livestock produce milk with higher levels of n-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, E, carotenoids, and phenols. The effect is even more pronounced if animals are grazing on legume/forbs-rich grasslands. This review argues, based on the available literature, about the effect of grazing ruminant on milk and cheese quality, including the hedonistic aspects, pointing out the link between territory and dairy products quality (Protected Designation Origin; Protected Geografic Origin; namely PDO and PGI labels). Moreover, it points out the main plant biomarkers which can be used to discriminate grazing sourced from stall-fed sourced milk and dairy products. Overall milk and cheese sourced from grazing animals (cows, sheep and goat) showed higher levels (compared to stall system) of FA, vitamins, phenols, putatively beneficial for consumers’ health. FA and plant secondary metabolites can also affect flavor and some nutritional and technological features of dairy products such as their antioxidant protection degree. This would favour a fair pricing of dairy products sourced from grazing systems and the persistence of viable and sustainable extensive production systems.

scholarly journals Amaranthus Cruentus Taxonomy, Botanical Description, and Review of its Seed Chemical Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wolosik ◽  
Agnieszka Markowska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Significant Chemical

Among 60-70 species of Amaranthaceae, only three are grain-producing species and Amaranthus cruentus is one of them. It stands out for its significant chemical composition. The high protein content and amino acid composition give amaranth medicinal benefits such as cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-allergic, and antihypertensive activity. The fixed oil yield obtained by cold-pressing the grain is only 7-8%, but these lipids are valuable due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, and squalene, which are not present in the same composition in other common oils. Among them, squalene is highly desirable.

scholarly journals Monitoring of fungal biomass changed by Rhizopus oryzae in relation to amino acid and essential fatty acids profile in soybean meal, wheat and rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiana Denardi-Souza ◽  
Kelly Cristina Massarolo ◽  
Sabina M Tralamazza ◽  
Eliana Badiale-Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile

600. Further observations on the volatile compounds associated with oxidized flavour in skim milk

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Forss ◽  
E. G. Pont ◽  
W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Lipids

The C6–C11 2,4–dienals have been identified in distillates from skim milk with oxidized flavour. The C4–C11 2–enals were isolated from the same distillates in a previous investigation. The most abundant individual compounds in the two groups were 2–octenal, 2–nonenal, 2–4–heptadienal and 2,4–nonadienal. These compounds when flavour–tested in skim milk in dilutions of 10–7–10–9 closely resembled oxidized (cardboard) flavour. It is concluded that they are the main constituents of this flavour defect and that they originate from the oxidation of the more highly unsaturated fatty acids in milk lipids.

695. On the composition of the phospholipids of cows' milk

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Rhodes ◽  
C. H. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Chromatographic Methods

1. The phospholipids of skim-milk, buttermilk and butter prepared from one bulk of Friesian milk were examined, using chromatographic methods. No major differences were found between the three products.2. The phospholipids of buttermilk contained (in moles %) phosphatidylethanolamine 29, phosphatidylserine 10, phosphatidylcholine 33, sphingomyelin 19. The content of lipid-bound inositol was 5 moles % and of plasmalogens 3 moles %. Nitrogen, associated with the kephalin fraction, equivalent to 14 moles % of the lipid P was not identified. No lysoglycerophospholipids were present.3. Unsaturated fatty acids were present in both the α'- and β-positions of the milk glycerophospholipids, in contrast to those from other animal sources which have usually been found to contain unsaturated acids in the α'-position and predominantly saturated acids in the β-position.The authors are indebted to Prof. H. D. Kay for providing facilities at the National Institute for Research in Dairying, Reading; to Dr R. H. Smith for advice on processing, and to Miss H. R. Chapman and the staff of the Experimental Dairy for carrying out the dairy work.This work forms part of the programme of the Food Investigation Organization of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Mr P. Whiteley contributed to the experimental work.

Comparison on Nutrient Composition and Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Muscle in Wild and Farmed Prawn, Penaeus japonicu

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Hong Xu ◽  
Bin Lun Yan ◽  
Jia Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Penaeus Japonicus ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Wild Group

Penaeus japonicus is an important marine shrimps resource in China. In order to evaluate the nutritional value, the contents of general nutritional compositions, amino acids and fatty acids in muscle were compared between wild and farmed P. japonicus. The contents of muscle moisture and crude protein, fat and ash in wild P. japonicus were 77.16%, 17.74%, 2.08% and 1.79％, and those in farmed P. japonicus were 78.02%, 17.26%, 2.04% and 1.63％, respectively. The essential amino acids (EAA) in wild and farmed P. japonicus were 23.25％ and 22.43％, respectively. The amino acid score of essential amino acids were higher than 100 except Leu and Trp, so the protein of P. japonicus has a well-balanced amino acid composition. Wild P. japonicus has more unsaturated fatty acids (64.05％) than farmed group (60.34％). Higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentainoic acids (EPA, 20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA, 22:6 n-3) contents and lower C16:0, C20:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 levels were detected in the wild group. Values of n-6/n-3 in muscle of farmed and wild P. japonicus were 0.30 and 0.23 respectively, which were both significantly lower than the maximum value (4.0) recommended by UK Department of Health (HMSO, 1994), while Values of the PUFA/SFA ratio of two groups were 0.60 and 0.74 higher than the minimum value (0.45) recommended by HMSO. Thus the muscle of farmed and wild P. japonicus are both healthy and safe, and the the muscle of wild P. japonicus is more beneficial to human health.

Nutritional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. IV. Prevention of growth depression from high levels of bone or calcium by vitamin and antibiotic supplementation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Sathe ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bone Ash

Experiments were conducted to determine the reason for depressed growth in chickens when high levels of bone, bone ash, or calcium were added to diets based on wheat, skim milk, and soybean and/or meat meal, and containing a basal supplement of vitamins and an antibiotic. The growth depression was not due to energy dilution of the diet, nor to an induced deficiency of essential fatty acids or minerals. The growth rates of pair-fed groups of chickens indicated that about half the growth depression was due to a reduced food intake. Depression of appetite and growth was completely prevented by further vitamin . plus antibiotic supplementation of diets containing added bone, bone ash, or calcium carbonate up to a total calcium content of c. 2.5%, but not when calcium exceeded this level. Additions of either vitamins or antibiotics alone produced responses but were not as effective as in combination.

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