Nutritional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. IV. Prevention of growth depression from high levels of bone or calcium by vitamin and antibiotic supplementation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Sathe ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bone Ash

Experiments were conducted to determine the reason for depressed growth in chickens when high levels of bone, bone ash, or calcium were added to diets based on wheat, skim milk, and soybean and/or meat meal, and containing a basal supplement of vitamins and an antibiotic. The growth depression was not due to energy dilution of the diet, nor to an induced deficiency of essential fatty acids or minerals. The growth rates of pair-fed groups of chickens indicated that about half the growth depression was due to a reduced food intake. Depression of appetite and growth was completely prevented by further vitamin . plus antibiotic supplementation of diets containing added bone, bone ash, or calcium carbonate up to a total calcium content of c. 2.5%, but not when calcium exceeded this level. Additions of either vitamins or antibiotics alone produced responses but were not as effective as in combination.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of the winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
Maud Kordylas ◽  
F. Pospíšil ◽  
O. Švábenský ◽  
B. Zajíc
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Belt

1. The winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) has been grown successfully for several seasons, on an experimental basis, in the forest belt of Ghana, where earlier attempts to grow the soya bean had proved unsatisfactory.2. Although botanically different, the composition of the dry seeds was found to be very similar to that of the soya bean, containing 37·3% protein, 18·1% fat, 13·9 ppm thiamin and 1·8 ppm riboflavin. The oil of the seeds contained 125·9 mg tocopherol (γ + β) per 100 g. The amino acid composition of the protein was very similar to that of the soya bean, with methionine as the first-limiting amino acid. The content of unsaturated fatty acids and that of poly-unsaturated essential fatty acids were satisfactory.Active trypsin inhibitor found in the raw seeds could be destroyed satisfactorily by moist heat. No urease activity was detected.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) of the beans determined with rats, were superior to those of groundnuts. The supplementary value of the protein was shown by mixing two parts of the winged bean and three parts of maize flour. When adjusted to either 10% or 16% protein, the PER values of these mixtures were similar to those of skim milk. At the 16% protein level, addition of skim milk or 0·3% DL-methionine to this mixture produced only an insignificant improvement in PER value.The pleasant, sweet taste even when in the raw state is one of the advantages of the winged bean. Although, it is a climber, and should be staked, its cultivation on a small scale in selected areas of Ghana is recommended.

Nurtitional evaluation of meat meals for poultry. III. Association of chick growth with the bone, calcium, and protein contributed by meat meals to diets, and the effect of mineral and vitamin plus antibiotic supplementation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Sathe ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Growth Promoting

Experiments were conducted to study the effect on chick growth of equalizing the bone, bone ash, or calcium contents of diets based on wheat plus skim milk and containing high or low quality meat meals with and without soybean meal, and of supplementing these diets with minerals and with vitamins plus antibiotic. Bone or ash content was the major cause of variation in the growth of chicks on diets in which meat meal provided about 35% and soybean meal about 22% of the total dietary protein, but not on diets in which meat meals provided about 57% of the protein. The first type of diet gave significantly faster growth than the second type, but this was not due to the lower bone or calcium content of the first type. The results are interpreted as indicating that when meat meals provided a major proportion of the protein, protein quality rather than the bone or ash content of the diets was the major cause of variation in growth. As supplementation with bone ash, or bone with the same ash content, or with calcium carbonate with the same calcium content, depressed growth equally, it was concluded that the main cause of depressed growth on diets containing high levels of added bone was the high calcium content of the diets. Though supplementation of some low quality meat meal diets with minerals, with or without vitamins plus antibiotic, slightly increased growth rates, the variation in growth-promoting ability between diets containing high and low quality meat meals was not appreciably reduced. The experiments confirmed previous indications that the growth-promoting ability of a meat meal included in chicken diets is mainly the resultant of any growth depression due to excess calcium and growth promotion due to the contribution of essential amino acids.

Neonatal nutritional strategy of a viviparous elasmobranch with extremely low reproductive output

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Rangel ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
Y Niella ◽  
LA Martinelli ◽  
AD Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

Throughout evolutionary history, elasmobranchs have developed diverse reproductive strategies. Little focused work, however, has addressed how neonatal nutritional state is affected by differing degrees of maternal investment associated with these markedly different reproductive strategies. To investigate the effect of maternal investment on the nutritional quality of pups during the early life history of an extremely viviparous elasmobranch, quantitative biomarker analysis including lipids, fatty acids and stable isotopes was conducted. Using the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (histotrophic viviparous) as a model, we found that pups were initially born in a positive nutritional state, enriched in physiologically important essential fatty acids and nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C), a result of maternal intrauterine transfer. A systematic decrease in some fatty acids and δ15N values, as well as a decrease in cholesterol with growth, confirmed that these substrates were derived from maternal resources and used in initial metabolic processes following birth. An observed increase in condition factor, plasma essential fatty acids and triglyceride:cholesterol ratio with increasing body size identified a progression towards successful independent foraging with pups not displaying marked nutritional deficiency or fasting phases. Our multi-tracer approach allowed the identification of 2 size classes of young rays (<50 and <70 cm disc width) that displayed distinct physiological states. Since prenatal maternal investment is critical for offspring condition and to promote successful foraging post birth, understanding the trophic ecology and physiological state of pups during their first year is critical to guide management and conservation within nursery grounds.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

Transjøen, a Groundwater Influenced Lake with Special Redox and Sulphate Conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Bremmeng ◽  
A. E. Kloster
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Meromictic Lake ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

Transjøen, a lake in S.E. Norway investigated hydrographically from October 1969 to October 1971, consists of two basins, both of which are meromictic (lake with lower layer which does not participate in the periodic circulations). The lake has a large influx of groundwater of very varying chemical composition. The calcium content is high and precipitated calcium carbonate and electrolyte rich groundwater is assumed to be the main reason for the meromictic stability. The redox potentials of monimolimnion (the lower layer which does not participtate in the periodic circulation) are extremely low, but in spite of this fact the content of sulphate is high.

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hércules Rezende Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Acid Consumption

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.

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