Between dialect and standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-199
Author(s):  
Isabel Molina Martos
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Castilian Spanish ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of the consonants (s) and (d) in the coda position in the city of Madrid, within the framework of the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA). The purpose is to illustrate how varieties of southern Castilian Spanish and those from the central and northern Peninsula converge and diverge, taking into consideration the social, political, and economic parameters that affect said processes. The diversity of patterns that coexist in the Madrid speech community reflects the city’s historic social complexity, the varied geographical origins of its migrant population, the interests that motivate each community of practice, as well as other circumstances that influence the direction of change. The analysis of (s) and (d) in coda illustrates the way in which the dynamics of variation and change in Madrid fluctuate between two poles: standardization and regionalization, the same two axes around which the community’s sociolinguistic patterns revolve.

Taal- en Sprekersbeoordeling Binnen En Buiten De Eigen Groep

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 28-57
Author(s):  
Jan Berenst
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Intergroup Interaction ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Social status of and solidarity between participants in interaction are important for the way in which they formulate speech acts. The use of a particular language variety functions as a cue for the assessment of status and solidarity in intergroup interaction between strangers: speakers of a language variety are evaluated on these dimensions because of their use of that variety. In our research we compared the evaluations of language varieties, made by speakers of those varieties and made by relevant outgroups. Discongruency in evaluations is likely to prevent a smooth interaction between participants. Agreement in .evaluation can be the basis for a mutual nonproblematic interpretation of the interaction. Perceived differences between speakers can explain the use of certain accommodation strategies and politeness strategies. Our research concentrated on two accent varieties in relation to standard Dutch (AN), an ethnic variety Moluccan Dutch (MN) , and a regional variety Groningen Dutch (GN). There appeared to be interesting differences in the evaluations between the two accent groups in the city of Groningen. The Moluccan group evaluated the Correctness of MN and the Social Status of the MN-speaker more positively than the others did. The speakers of the regional GN however agreed with the AN-speakers about the low evaluation of GN and its speaker on this dimension. Moreover it turned out that the Moluccan group (by comparison) gave preference to the Moluccan speaker on the dimension of Solidarity, but that the GN-group preferred the AN-speaker. This result was similar to the degree of identification with speaker and language: the MN-group mostly with the MN-speaker, the GN-group with the AN-speaker. It is argued that these differences are the result of differences in the perception of the social identity of the groups.

PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM IMAM MALIK BIN ANAS (Pendekatan Sejarah Sosial)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danu Aris Setiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Social History ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The City

The study in this paper is focused thinking Islamic law Imam Malik bin Anas approach to social history.  This study is a study that is fairly new in the field of science of Islamic law, so it is still a bit of academics watched. Imam Malik himself was one of four priests schools are known by the nickname ahlu hadith. Imam Malik in his life has never been out of the city of Medina except during Hajj. This of course support his thought in solving the complexity of the problems largely solved by the hadith enough. In addition, the state of the environment in the Medina which is the place where the Prophet lived for several years, community issues are lightweight and simple. Although Imam Malik called a hadith expert, but he also remains unaffected by the use of ratios in berijtihad because the social conditions at the time. This is evidenced by the use of expert Amal Madinah (Medina community of practice), Fatwa Sahabah, Qiyas, Al-maşlahah mursalah, Aż-żari'ah, Al-Urf (custom) in making Islamic law. Imam Malik was also like other schools with the Qur'an and Hadith as the primary source of Islamic law. [Kajian dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pemikiran hukum Islam Imam Malik bin Anas dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial.  Kajian ini merupakan kajian yang cukup baru di bidang keilmuan hukum Islam, sehingga masih sedikit dari kalangan akademisi yang memperhatikannya. Imam Malik sendiri adalah salah satu dari empat imam mazhab yang terkenal dengan julukan ahlu hadits. Dalam kehidupannya Imam Malik tidak pernah keluar dari kota Madinah kecuali saat haji. Hal ini tentu saja mendukung pemikirannya dalam menyelesaikan kompleksitas permasalahan yang sebagian besar cukup diselesaikan dengan hadits. Selain itu,  keadaan lingkungan di Madinah yang merupakan tempat dimana Rasulullah hidup selama beberapa tahun, permasalahan masyarakat yang ringan dan sederhana. Walaupun Imam Malik disebut sebagai ahlu Hadits namun dirinya juga tetap terpengaruh dengan penggunaan rasio dalam berijtihad karena kondisi sosial saat itu. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penggunaan Amal ahli Madinah (praktik masyarakat Madinah), Fatwa sahabat, Qiyas, Al-maşlahah mursalah, Aż-żari'ah, al-‘Urf (adat istiadat) dalam pengambilan hukum Islam. Imam Malik pun juga seperti mazhab lain dengan al-Quran dan Hadits sebagai sumber utama dalam hukum Islam.]

scholarly journals Looking Back on the Space of a Boom: (Re)developing Spatial Matrices in the City of London

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
The Way

This paper is focused on the (re)development of the global financial space of the City of London during the mid-1980s. Although the financing of this process is the chief concern, the influence of the social space through which this funding was taking place is not ignored. Therefore, an interpretation is provided of, first, the ways in which a range of economic agents within a ‘structure of building provision’ interact with given sets of spatial practices to capitalise an established social space. And, second, the way in which these agents then realign to develop around newly emerging sociospatial relations is examined. The underlying influence of changes in the wider economic ‘setting’ of these agents is highlighted, with particular reference to how their economic calculations are mapped onto social space and the overall consequences of these processes.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE OF THE DEPUTIES OF THE SECOND STATE DUMA IN THE COMMISSIONS ON COMBATING HUNGER AND UNEMPLOYMENT (FEBRUARY-JUNE 1907)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
N.F. Bannikova ◽  
◽  
V.S. Minyashev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legislative Branch ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

The authors show the complexity of the work of the deputies of the Second State Duma (February-June 1907) on the acute issues of combating hunger and unemployment. In the conditions of the unfinished term of the Duma, since it was dissolved, the deputies tried to expand the work of the commissions for the social protection of the disadvantaged strata of the population. The authors note that the priority of the legislative branch in the draft work of the commissions was more clearly manifested by the socialist factions than by the liberal ones. Representatives of the left-wing factions tried to involve the city Dumas and public organizations in work on important issues, but the center-right and the government posed all sorts of obstacles to them. However, even in such difficult conditions, the deputies used every opportunity to strengthen the positions of the people's representation on the way to deepening democratic reforms in the country.

Scripting Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-264
Author(s):  
Laurens E. Tacoma
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
City Council ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Elite Identity ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyses the seventh characteristic of Roman political culture. The way that political institutions were functioning was based on the claim that they were central to society. Reality was different, and this produced ambiguities in the way elites positioned themselves. These can be analysed on the basis of the Ravenna papyri, which contain a number of reports of meetings of the city council of Ravenna and some other Italian cities. They show how a number of developments coalesced. First, the city council still formed a place to foster elite identity, but it did so in a society in which the traditional markers of elite identity were no longer adhered to by all, in which the church took over some of the social and economic roles, and in which some persons outside the council quite likely enjoyed a significantly higher level of wealth and status than the councillors themselves. Second, it shows what functions the remaining councils could perform, both at a practical and a symbolic level. By authenticating documents in accordance with the requirements of late-antique law, they performed an important practical notarial function. At a symbolic level, the elaborate procedures meant that social relations were enacted during the transactions. The council could assume—if only briefly—the central position in society that it still claimed. Third, it also shows the scripted quality of the proceedings. As the functions of the council and its role in society were reduced, role playing took over. Politics became literally scripted.

Mechanisms of Risk Production in Modern Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Büscher ◽  
Aldo Mascareño
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical References

Historically, risk assessment and the concept of risk itself have been dominated by environmental, engineering, and economic sciences. Consequently, in analyzing risk production in modern cities, a rather technical view emerges on risks and urban dynamics. Though scientifically grounded and practically useful, this view fails to capture the social complexity of the city, its paradoxes and causalities. Elaborating on the hypothesis that the life-supporting mechanisms in modern cities are simultaneously life-endangering mechanisms, the article aims to develop a sociological framework to comprehend the dynamics of systematic risk production in the urban milieu. Methodologically, to illustrate the functioning of such mechanisms, we will use historical references and several empirical analyses related to urban research.

scholarly journals O corpo como imaginário da cidade

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Euler David de Siqueira ◽  
Denise Da Costa Oliveira Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Urban Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Na constituição dos imaginários urbanos, cidade e corpo se comunicam, veiculam mensagens e jogam um importante papel. Neste artigo, nos dedicamos a estudar o corpo que aparece como uma das imagens de uma cidade. Ao realizar esse exercício através da análise de uma série de cartões-postais das praias do Rio de Janeiro, buscamos romper com a naturalização desse corpo, do modo como aparece e dos locais onde é mostrado. Partindo de uma perspectiva semiológica e antropológica, lançamos mão de uma metodologia qualitativa para analisar imagens fotográficas reproduzidas nos postais e a realidade social que elas (re)constroem. Palavras-chave: Corpo; Imaginário; Cidade. Body as imaginary of the city Abstract: In the constitution of urban imaginary, city and body communicate, transmit messages and play an important role. In this article, we study the body that appears as one of the images of a city. When doing this exercise by examining a series of postcards from the beaches of Rio de Janeiro, we try to break with the naturalization this body, the way it is shown and where it appears. Starting from a semiological and an anthropological perspective, we use a qualitative methodology to analyze photographic images reproduced on postcards and the social reality that they (re)construct. Keywords: Body; Imaginary; City.

scholarly journals Centre for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Health (CAPAS-City): A Pyrenean Cross-Cultural Structure to Lead the Way in the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Multilevel Physical Activity Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3631
Author(s):  
Javier Zaragoza Casterad ◽  
Javier Sevil-Serrano ◽  
Julien E. Bois ◽  
Eduardo Generelo ◽  
Léna Lhuisset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
The City ◽  
Cultural Structure ◽  
The Way

This study describes a Pyrenean cross-cultural structure called Centre for the Promotion of Physical Activity and Health (CAPAS-City) that was created to promote physical activity (PA) in Huesca (Spain) and Tarbes (France). The main aim of this centre is to lead the way in the design, implementation, and evaluation of multilevel PA interventions to improve their efficacy and sustainability inside the city. CAPAS-City responds to the main challenges related to multilevel PA interventions, through six guiding principles: (1) promoting sustainability, (2) playing a leadership role, (3) promoting multisectoral partnerships, (4) using evidence-based strategies, (5) promoting integrated knowledge translation, and (6) using a participatory research approach. Five multilevel PA interventions were designed in both cities by CAPAS-City with these principles in mind. Through the example of the Annual MOT Test adapted to bikes, we also illustrate one practical application of the use of these principles, following the Social-Ecological approach, in which the main agents of influence are involved at different levels to encourage cycling. According to the promising results found in this study, CAPAS-City appears to be a structure that is able to respond to the main needs and challenges of multilevel interventions to increase PA levels in the whole population of both cities.

scholarly journals CASASSA: A RELEVÂNCIA DE UM CENTRO DE ACOLHIMENTO PARA JOVENS LGBT MARGINALIZADOS NA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Gasquez de Morais ◽  
Maria Gabriela Salvino Contre ◽  
Moisés Henrique dos Santos Leonel ◽  
Yeda Ruiz Maria ◽  
Victor Martins de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Implantation Process ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article aims to understand how the physical and social characteristics of the urban space contributes to the existence of marginalized populations in the city of Presidente Prudente -SP, focusing in the social vulnerability that the LGBT population (Lesbian, Gay,Bisexual, Transgender) are subjected to. This social panorama seeks to analyze and emphasize the importance of a space that functions as a shelter for this population, as is the case of LGBT Reception Houses, which are gradually emerging in Brazil. The importance and contribution of these spaces will be emphasized with the analysis of the CASASSA implantation process, the first project of this character in Presidente Prudente –SP, accentuating the history, the physical characteristics and the way the place is organized and related to the neighborhood in which it is inserted.

scholarly journals A CAMINHO DO LUGAR E DE PASSAGEM: tão perto e tão longe de Vila Mariana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202031
Author(s):  
Cilene Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
White House ◽  
Convergence Of Moments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
At Will ◽  
The Way

ON ITS WAY AND PASSING BY IT: so close and so far from Vila MarianaEN SU CAMINO Y DE PASAJE: tan cerca y tan lejos de Vila MarianaRESUMOEm direção ao casarão branco, sede do Centro de Estudos da Metrópole (CEM), em São Paulo, curiosa convergência de momentos já havia se instalado no espírito criando expectativas ao novo. O curso e o experimento etnográfico faziam confluir, em simultâneo, três intenções, delineadas na vontade, em tempos diferentes: conhecer melhor alguns bairros paulistanos; visitar a Galeria Jacques Ardies, de arte naif, e a Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Analítica, ambas localizadas a pequena distância do CEM. A perspectiva da etnografia urbana vinha desconstruir o modo de olhar a cidade e nela permanecer, e o modo de conhecê-la. Ao estabelecer a observação, leitura e significação de espaços urbanos, a partir da imersão possível do pesquisador no instante presente do lugar social que o constitui, e com base nos achados da experimentação e múltiplas conexões significativas que se desenharam durante o relato do experimento e a reflexão, o novo princípio metodológico vinha engendrar a possibilidade de outras experiências espaço-temporais dos lugares de vida social e de acesso a novos aportes para os estudos urbanos e regionais. Com o relato, objetiva-se compartilhar a nova experiência de olhar para o cotidiano da cidade.Palavras-chave: Observação Etnográfica; Urbanidade; Bairros; São Paulo.ABSTRACTTowards the White House, headquarters of the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM), in São Paulo, curious convergence of moments had already settled in the spirit creating expectations for the new. The course and the ethnographic experiment simultaneously brought three intentions, outlined at will, at different times: to know better some neighborhoods in São Paulo; visit the Jacques Ardies Gallery of Naive Art and the Brazilian Society of Analytical Psychology, both within walking distance of CEM. Moreover, the perspective of urban ethnography came to deconstruct the way of looking at and staying in the city, and the way of knowing it. By establishing the observation, reading and meaning of urban spaces, from the possible immersion of the researcher in the present instant of the social place that constitutes it, and based on the findings of experimentation and multiple significant connections that were drawn during the report of the experiment and the on reflection, the new methodological principle created the possibility of other spatiotemporal experiences of social places of life and of access to new contributions to urban and regional studies. The objective is to share the new experience of looking at the daily life of the city.Keywords: Ethnographic Observation; Urbanity; Neighborhoods; São Paulo.RESUMENHacia la Casa Blanca, sede del Centro de Estudios Metropolitanos (CEM), en São Paulo, la curiosa convergencia de momentos ya se había establecido en el espíritu creando expectativas para lo nuevo. El curso y el experimento etnográfico reunieron simultáneamente tres intenciones, esbozadas a voluntad, en diferentes momentos: conocer mejor algunos barrios de São Paulo; Visite la Galería de Arte Naive Jacques Ardies y la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicología Analítica, ambas muy cerca del CEM. Además, la perspectiva de la etnografía urbana llegó a deconstruir la forma de mirar y permanecer en la ciudad, y la forma de conocerla. Al establecer la observación, lectura y significado de los espacios urbanos, a partir de la posible inmersión del investigador en el instante presente del lugar social que lo constituye, y en base a los resultados de la experimentación y las múltiples conexiones significativas que se extrajeron durante el informe del experimento y el Reflexión, el nuevo principio metodológico creó la posibilidad de otras experiencias espacio-temporales de los lugares de vida social y el acceso a nuevas contribuciones a los estudios urbanos y regionales. Con el informe, el objetivo es compartir la nueva experiencia de mirar el día a día de la ciudad.Palabras clave: Observación Etnográfica; Urbanidad; Barrios; São Paulo.

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