Social Trust as an Underlying Substance of Cultural Preferences

The role and the importance of social trust have been objects of a comparatively well-defined interest among investigators with sociology and social psychology backgrounds. Unfortunately, this is not so true when it comes to economists. In Economics, even the link between culture and economic development still lacks the necessary attention. On the other hand, in order to explain this link, it will be of help and importance to take social trust into consideration both directly and as an infrastructural element of some important cultural dimensions. This article – being generally with a nature of an overview – attempts to show social trust namely as such an element, offering a framework for its interpretation and showing the correlational link between trust and several cultural constructs. This will hopefully help future modelling when it comes to investigating correlational and causal links between economic parameters and generalized social trust.

Milk production, mortality, and economic parameters in the context of heat-stressed dairy cattle.

As climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms. A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.

Regression Analysis and Comparison of Economic Parameters with Different Light Index Models under Various Constraints

Economic globalization is developing more rapidly than ever before. At the same time, economic growth is accompanied by energy consumption and carbon emissions, so it is particularly important to estimate, analyze and evaluate the economy accurately. We compared different nighttime light (NTL) index models with various constraint conditions and analyzed their relationships with economic parameters by linear correlation. In this study, three indices were selected, including original NTL, improved impervious surface index (IISI) and vegetation highlights nighttime-light index (VHNI). In the meantime, all indices were built in a linear regression relationship with gross domestic product (GDP), employed population and power consumption in southeast China. In addition, the correlation coefficient was used to represent fitting degree. Overall, comparing the regression relationships with GDP of the three indices, VHNI performed best with the value of at 0.8632. For the employed population and power consumption regression with these three indices, the maximum of VHNI are 0.8647 and 0.7824 respectively, which are also the best performances in the three indices. For each individual province, the VHNI perform better than NTL and IISI in GDP regression, too. When taking employment population as the regression object, VHNI performs best in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, but not all provinces. Finally, for power consumption regression, the value of VHNI is better than NTL and IISI in every province except Hainan. The results show that, among the indices under different constraint conditions, the linear relationships between VHNI and GDP and power consumption are the strongest under vegetation constraint in southeast China. Therefore, VHNI index can be used for fitting analysis and prediction of economy and power consumption in the future.

Effect of Selected Components on Combustion of Methane

Article discusses the effect of various gases on the combustion of methane in LGW 702 combustion engine intended for use in cogeneration unit. The measured results were evaluated for internal, performance and economic parameters of the combustion engine the ideal operating parameters can be set. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of combustible carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and nitrogen on the parameters.

Formation of a Methodology for Calculating the Optimal Number of Wells in the Development of Lenticular Formations to Achieve Maximum NPV

The work is devoted to the analytical methodology for the development of oil lenticular formations. The method is based on the theory of potentials for vertical and horizontal wells. The work takes into account the interference of wells, geological and petrophysical parameters of lenses, as well as the properties of the reservoir fluid, and a new equation for estimating the inflow to a horizontal well is derived. An assessment of the correctness of this work on the company's assets was made. The dependence for the express estimation of the number of wells depending on the economic parameters at the early stages of project development is obtained.

Engineering and economic analysis of the production of sieve shaker for teaching particle size to students with visual impairment

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility study from the engineering and economic perspectives in the production of sieve shaker for teaching particle size to students with visual impairment. The sieve shaker is important as a tool for improving students' understanding of the definition of particles and their sizes. Different from other sieve shakers for industrial purposes, the present sieve shaker is inexpensive, simple, user-friendly, and portable. Since it is made for educational goals only and can be used for developing countries, the total cost is inexpensive. Engineering analysis was performed based on a mass balance analysis, whereas the economic evaluation was carried out using several economic parameters under the ideal and non-ideal conditions in 20 years of the project. The engineering evaluation confirmed the potentiality of the project even it is in small-scale industries because all processing steps could be carried out using commercially available equipment. Economic evaluation results showed positive values for all economic parameters with a few exceptions. This research was complemented by theories to support the definition and the importance of sieve shaker for supporting the education of students with special needs.

New seedless table grape variety ‘Albina’ of the Institute Magarach breeding

Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан новый бессемянный сорт винограда столового направления использования Альбина. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Мускат Джим × Ромулус в 1996 году. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: средний срок созревания (25.08), продукционный период - 132 дня. Рекомендуемая форма куста - кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней - 3-4 раза за сезон. Содержание в ягодах при технологической зрелости: сахаров - 20,3 г/100см, титруемых кислот - 6,3 г/дм. Урожай рекомендуется использовать для потребления в свежем виде. Дегустационная оценка свежего винограда - 8,47 балла. Selection breeders of the Institute Magarach have created a new seedless table grape variety ‘Albina’. The elite form, registered as a new grape variety, was isolated in 1996 from seedling population of the ‘Muscat Jim × Romulus’ cross combination. The article presents main ampelographic, biological and economic parameters typical for new promising cultivar: mid-ripening date (25.08), production period - 132 days. The recommended bush training technique is a medium trunk cordon. Loading is 6 eyes on a cane (4 canes). Planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Preventive treatment against fungal diseases - 3-4 times per season. The content of sugars in technologically ripe berries is 20.3g/100cm, of titratable acids - 6.3g/dm. The crop yield is recommended for fresh consumption. Tasting evaluation of fresh grapes is 8.47 points.

Hydrocarbon Field Re-Development as Markov Decision Process

Hydrocarbon field (re-)development requires that a multitude of decisions are made under uncertainty. These decisions include the type and size of surface facilities, location, configuration and number of wells but also which data to acquire. Both types of decisions, which development to choose and which data to acquire, are strongly coupled. The aim of appraisal is to maximize value while minimizing data acquisition costs. These decisions have to be done under uncertainty owing to the inherent uncertainty of the subsurface but also of other costs and economic parameters. Conventional Value Of Information (VOI) evaluations can be used to determine how much can be spend to acquire data. However, VOI is very challenging to calculate for complex sequences of decisions with various costs and including the risk attitude of the decision maker. We are using a fully observable Markov-Decision-Process (MDP) to determine the policy for the sequence and type of measurements and decisions to do. A fully observable MDP is characterised by the states (here: description of the system at a certain point in time), actions (here: measurements and development scenario), transition function (probabilities of transitioning from one state to the next), and rewards (costs for measurements, Expected Monetary Value (EMV) of development options). Solving the MDP gives the optimum policy, sequence of the decisions, the Probability Of Maturation (POM) of a project, the Expected Monetary Value (EMV), the expected loss, the expected appraisal costs, and the Probability of Economic Success (PES). These key performance indicators can then be used to select in a portfolio of projects the ones generating the highest expected reward for the company. Combining the production forecasts from numerical model ensembles with probabilistic capital and operating expenditures and economic parameters allows for quantitative decision making under uncertainty.