Language, attitudes and party politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-251
Author(s):  
Dezheng (William) Feng ◽  
Shuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Negative Judgment ◽  
The One

Abstract This study investigates Barack Obama’s attitudes towards Republicans and Democrats by analyzing a corpus of 249 Presidential weekly addresses. Analysis shows that Obama’s attitudes towards the Republicans are characterized by a negative judgment of propriety, creating a negative image of the Republican Party, whereas when Republicans and Democrats are mentioned together, his attitudes are characterized by his hopes for and commendations on bipartisan collaboration. An analytical model based on the attitude schema is proposed to explicate the strategies for encoding attitudes. It is found that negative attitudes are always expressed implicitly by recounting events that elicit the attitudes (i.e. behaviors of the Republicans) and performing speech acts that are motivated by the attitudes (i.e. urging the Republicans to stop the wrong behaviors). The patterns of attitudes reflect bipartisan conflict and cooperation on the one hand, and constitute an important strategy to battle against the opposition party and build coalitions on the other.

PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Oleh Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Master And Margarita

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text. Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study. The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

Semantic and pragmatic effectsof negative markers

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-103
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alqassas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Negative Statements ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Positions

This chapter focuses on the semantic and pragmatic effects associated with the various positions of negation. Particularly, presuppositional readings for negative statements follow from different structural positions of negation (higher in the TP) as opposed to the non-presuppositional interpretations associated with the lower NegP below TP. This chapter also analyses contrasts between SA maa on the one hand and laa and its variants on the other hand. These contrasts are related to scope readings, presupposition, mood and speech acts (commissive, directive, volitive, and (ir)realis). I argue that presuppositional negation is a product of the interplay between syntax and pragmatics. Specifically, I propose that presuppositional negative markers are higher in the syntactic structure. They occupy a position above the tense phrase in the clausal structure, namely NegP above TP (cf. Zanuttini 1997 for similar effects in various Romance). Pragmatically marked negation includes presuppositional negation, categorical negation and cleft-negation. The former two are in a NegP above TP, while the latter is in CP.

Narrative and Lyric Levels in Catullus

Metalepsis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 119-146
Author(s):  
Gail Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Real Existence ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Lyric Poet ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
Ring Composition

This chapter revisits the challenges of thinking about narrative metalepsis in lyric contexts by considering the diverse corpus of Catullus. Catullus’ most obviously narrative poem—poem 64—offers rich possibilities for metaleptic readings, and the chapter particularly investigates the ways in which the boundary between the poem’s outer narrative and its inset, ostensibly ecphrastic story is navigated by two powerfully subjective presences, the narrator and Ariadne, by such means as apostrophe and mise en abyme. Yet Catullus is typically classified as a lyric poet, and the chapter also examines poems that fuse the narrative and lyric modes, looking at potentially hymnic addresses to divinities across the corpus, and the tension in poem 68 between, on the one hand, the tendency to establish a whole series of nested narrative levels through ring composition and simile, and, on the other, the pull of the lyric mode towards a unified poetic ‘present’. There is a particular emphasis on the interaction among speech acts in the first, second and third person. Catullus himself appears in all three ‘persons’ as a character in the corpus, but is also a Roman author in whose real existence we believe, and the chapter concludes by returning against this background to Genette’s concern that metalepsis prompts us to ask whether we may belong to some narrative—as Catullus indeed does.

The Negative Image and the Repentance of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Some Implications for an Anti-Islamic Polemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Iosif J Zhakevich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Character Type ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Representation

Abstract The image of Ishmael in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Tg. Ps.-J.) has been interpreted either as thoroughly negative or as ambiguous. While the negative presentation of Ishmael has been used to argue for an anti-Ishmael and an anti-Islamic polemic within the Targum, the Tar-gum's mention of Ishmael's repentance has been submitted as evidence of the Targum’s ambiguous perspective of Ishmael, with the implication that Tg. Ps.-J. is not anti-Ishmael and therefore not anti-Islamic. Beyond this, each interpretation has been used to argue for a relative date of the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. — an ambiguous image suggesting a pre-Islamic date, and a negative image suggesting a post-Islamic date. Focusing on the implications of Ishmael's repentance for the image of Ishmael in Tg. Ps-J, this paper seeks to show that the repentance of Ishmael does not subvert the Targum’s negative por-trayal of Ishmael. On the one hand, the targumist exploits Ishmael's repentance to honour Abraham and Isaac, not Ishmael. On the other, the targumist confirms the negative image of Ishmael by disparaging him in the very context of his repentance. This conclusion, then, affirms that (1) Ishmael is a thoroughly negative character-type in Tg. Ps-J; that (2) the negative representation of Ishmael is a plausible literary device used to deliver an anti-Islamic polemic; and that (3) the composition of Tg. Ps.-J. is better suited for a post-Islamic date — when a Jewish targumist would have had reason to disparage a traditional ancestor of Islam and in this way to promote the Jewish claim of superiority over Islam.

Speech acts and conversational sequencing

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brassac
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Conversational Interactions ◽  
The One

The question of the use of speech act theory in accounting for conversational sequencing is discussed from the point of view of the explanation of linguistic interaction. On the one hand, this question lies at the heart of the opposition between conversational analysis and discourse analysis. On the other, it dominates the discussion around a text by Searle called "Conversation". After summarizing what is at stake in the debate, I focus on the positions of two authors, Dascal and Van Rees, who favor the idea of a possible (and necessary) combination of illocutionary logic and the analysis of conversational interactions. My own position consists in taking into account the new elements that have recently enriched illocutionary logic (particularly the integration of perlocution through the notion of satisfaction conditions) within the framework of an essentially dialogical position. The proposed approach is in agreement with the theses of these two authors and complements them with elements that satisfy their demands.

scholarly journals Children's Books by Canonical Authors in the EFL Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Elena Ortells
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Educational Community ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Literary Materials ◽  
Essential Support

Students’ imperfect grasp of the target language is cited by educators as one of the main tenets and conundrums against the use of real literature in the EFL classroom. However, previous reviews have proven that children and teenagers are likely to become interested in texts of their own choice and in line with their current concerns. Hence, since encouraging them to read for pleasure and providing them with motivating and level-appropriate materials are basic requirements for success, instructors should receive essential support on how to supply their students with literary texts suitable for both their language level and interests. My intention in this article is thus two-fold. On the one hand, I aim to provide several strategies to overcome the negative attitudes against the use of real literature in the EFL classroom, which are deeply rooted in the educational community, by equipping educators with a theoretical framework that allows them to critically select the most appropriate literary materials for their students. On the other hand, my intention is to present in-service teachers with an illustrative sample of texts and activities that clearly show that authentic literature can be successfully implemented in the teaching sphere.

scholarly journals construction du rôle présidentiel dans l’interview télévisée et en ligne du 14 Juillet. Stratégies discursives d’Emmanuel Macron.

2021 ◽  
pp. 439-461
Author(s):  
Antonia Sánchez Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Actos De Habla ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nicolas Sarkozy ◽  
Functional Position

De entre los géneros en los que se expresa el discurso político en Francia, las entrevistas presidenciales televisadas del 14deJulio constituyen manifestaciones singulares. Con una tradición de cuatro décadas, se desarrollan en un contexto de gran formalidad que confiere a la palabra presidencial rango institucional sin que deje de estar sometida a los riesgos propios de la interacción. Por un lado, las reglas del género sitúan al presidente en posición funcional de dependencia. Por otro, la entrevista política ha evolucionado hacia un adversarial style (Clayman&Heritage,2002) al que las del 14deJulio no son ajenas. Este artículo se detiene en la concedida por Emmanuel Macron en 2020 y difundida en Youtube, para analizar con las herramientas del Análisis del Discurso cómo combate los actos de habla que amenazan la dimensión presidencial, expuesta ahora también a los inter e intradiscursos que se generan en el entorno digital. Among the orders in which political discourse is expressed in France, the televised presidential interview of the 14th of July is unique. With a tradition stretching back four decades, these interviews take place in a context of great formality that is intended to give the presidential word institutional rank, albeit subject to the risks associated with an interview. On the one hand, the paradigm of the interview places the president in a functional position of dependence. On the other hand, the political interview has evolved in recent times towards an adversarial style (Clayman&Heritage, 2002) to which those of the 14th of July are not immune. This article focuses upon the presidential interview granted by Emmanuel Macron in 2020, broadcast for the first time on YouTube, to analyze with the tools of Discourse Analysis how it fights the speech acts that threaten the presidential status, now also exposed in the digital environment. Parmi les différents genres où le discours politique trouve ses voies d’expression en France, les interviews présidentielles du 14 Juillet représentent des manifestations tout à fait particulières. C’est Valéry Giscard d’Estaing qui a inauguré la longue série en accordant en 1978 le premier entretien télévisé lors des cérémonies de la Fête Nationale, un exercice que la plupart de ses successeurs ont poursuivi. Seul Nicolas Sarkozy a refusé de continuer la tradition. Emmanuel Macron, de sa part, a fait de même mais, en revanche, en a accordé une le 14 Juillet 2020 dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire du Covid-19, avec une nouveauté : elle a été diffusée aussi sur Youtube. Dans cet article nous visons à décrypter à l’aide des outils de l’Analyse du Discours et de l’Analyse de la Conversation les stratégies discursives menées par Emmanuel Macron dans la seule interview du 14Juillet accordée jusqu’à présent.

Japanese Undergraduates’ Attitudes Toward Students Survivors of Parental Suicide

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suicide Survivors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
Fellow Student ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
Attitudes Toward Students

This study investigated Japanese undergraduates’ attitudes toward a fellow student whose parent has died by suicide. One hundred thirty-four participants responded to four versions of a brief fictional case describing a male undergraduate whose father had died. These presented fictional cases described the cause of the death as being suicide, cancer, AIDS, or murder. Results indicated that participants had more negative attitudes toward the suicide survivor student than the nonstigmatized death (cancer) survivor. Further, results indicated that participants viewed suicide survivors as more to blame for the death and had a more negative image of them than of the other stigmatized death (AIDS and murder) survivors.

Drawing the line at infidelity: Negotiating relationship morality in a Swedish context of consensual non-monogamy

2022 ◽  
pp. 026540752110705
Author(s):  
Catrine Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Open Relationships ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) involves being in a relationship that allows participants multiple concurrent sexual and/or intimate partners. Previous studies exploring attitudes toward different types of extra-dyadic sexual activity (EDSA) has typically distinguished between, on the one hand, polyamory/open relationships/swinging and, on the other, infidelity. The aim of this article is to develop further these discussions by showing how the distinctions between relationship types are drawn and/or blurred in social interactions, and how this requires moral work and negotiations of what ethical polyamory is. The research questions are as follows: 1. How are different CNM relationship types distinguished from each other, as well as intertwined and negotiated in social interactions? 2. How are ideals of consent, honesty, and communication reproduced and renegotiated in CNM relationships? 3. How does moral work become important for responding to negative attitudes toward CNM? The material consists of interviews with 22 persons practicing polyamory, CNM, or relationship anarchy, analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that CNM relationship types are not clearly distinguishable but rather negotiated in social interactions both within a relationship and with others. Interviewees express that consent, honesty, and communication are central for their relationships, but also that they are negotiated. For example, honesty can be renegotiated by introducing an option of not telling your partner everything. Consent can also be renegotiated with some conditions, such as not actively searching out potential partners. They describe several different types of moral work: negotiating and reformulating others’ moral opinions, reversing moral hierarchies, and taking responsibility to explain and to soothe situations. These results contribute to existing research on attitudes toward CNM practices pointing out the importance of taking social interactions into account in order to explore the full extent of negative attitudes toward people involved in CNM relationships and how they handle these interactions.

Presidential Influence in the House: Presidential Prestige as a Source of Presidential Power

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Presidential Power ◽  
Presidential Popularity ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Presidential Influence

Presidential prestige or popularity has often been cited as an important source of presidential influence in Congress. It has not been empirically and systematically demonstrated, however, that such a relationship exists. This study examines a variety of relationships between presidential prestige and presidential support in the U.S. House of Representatives. The relationships between overall national presidential popularity on the one hand and overall, domestic, and foreign policy presidential support in the House as a whole and among various groups of congressmen on the other are generally weak. Consistently strong relationships are found between presidential prestige among Democratic party identifiers and presidential support among Democratic congressmen. Similar relationships are found between presidential prestige among the more partisan Republican party identifiers and the presidential support by Republican congressmen. Explanations for these findings are presented, and the findings are related to broader questions of American politics.

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