Human impersonal pronouns in Swedish and Dutch

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Coussé ◽  
Johan van der Auwera
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Impersonal Pronouns

This paper presents a contrastive study of the human impersonal pronouns man in Swedish and men in Dutch. Both impersonal pronouns are etymologically derived from man ‘human being’ and they more or less have the same meaning. However, there are important differences in the usage of these pronouns. In this study, the similarities and differences between Swedish man and Dutch men are studied in a Dutch-Swedish parallel corpus. Analysing a parallel corpus has the advantage of allowing one to both study the distribution of man and men in original texts and to contrast the use of these pronouns with their translations.

scholarly journals English grammatical collocations of the verb and the preposition for and their collocational equivalents in the Slovak language

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1183-1194
Author(s):  
Marianna Hudcovičová ◽  
Ľudmila Jančovičová ◽  
Božena Petrášová ◽  
Jerome Baghana
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Structure Data ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Fixed Element ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Slovak Language ◽  
National Corpus

This paper focuses on empirical research of grammatical collocations of the type: verb and preposition FOR. Subject to analysis were the verbal prepostional structures of the pattern 1: V+prepositional phrase in the function of the object and the pattern 2: V+ preposition+fixed element.  The study is based on comparisons of the English and Slovak sentences containing this specific verbal-prepositional structure. Data for contrastive study of English and Slovak languages are taken from the electronic corpus Slovak National Corpus, ie. English- Slovak Parallel Corpus. The aim of the study is to analyse, describe and classify only prepositional counterparts.

Posture verbs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
General Similarity ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Reflexive Verbs ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Germanic Languages

From a typological perspective, the verbs of sitting, standing and lying have been described relatively extensively. Against this background, the present paper provides a contrastive study of the lexical semantics of the Swedish posture verbs sitta ‘sit’, stå ‘stand’ and ligga ‘lie’ based on the Multilingual Parallel Corpus (MPC), which contains extracts from Swedish novels and their published translations into English, German, French and Finnish. Since the corpus is a very rich data source, the study is focused on the use of posture verbs as locative verbs. It turns out that it is possible to arrange the languages along a continuum with respect to the use of posture verbs versus the copula to describe the location of inanimate objects. In Finnish the copula dominates completely, in English there is more of a balance (in this kind of written text), whereas the posture verbs dominate in German and Swedish. French stands out as a completely different type in this comparison, since the copula is used very little and posture verbs hardly at all. Actually, there is a tension in French between the use of a small number of verbs with a general locative meaning as translations and the use of a large variety of reflexive verbs and resultative constructions with past participles (e.g. être fixé ‘be attached’) which convey fine-grained information about the placement. Among the languages that use posture verbs as locative predicates, there is a general similarity with respect to the factors that condition the choice between lie and stand, whereas even closely related Germanic languages differ with respect to the semantic factors that condition the choice of sit as a locative predicate.

The construction of attitudinal stance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pérez Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Working Procedure

This paper is a corpus-based contrastive study of the realization of negative attitudinal stance in English and Spanish discourse through the use of evaluative adjectives. The main aim of the study is to analyse and compare the grammatical patterns in which negative evaluative adjectives occur in each language and discuss the observed cross-linguistic differences in terms of the effects that alternative linguistic realizations have in the construction of evaluative discourse. The working procedure follows a contrastive analysis methodology: description of empirical data, juxtaposition and contrast. The descriptive data have been extracted from a large comparable corpus of English and Spanish newspaper opinion discourse. The study has revealed interesting similarities and differences in the construction of Attitude in each language, which are inferred by contrasting its surface structural features.

scholarly journals Concord in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Zainab Kadim Igaab ◽  
Saja Mohammed Magrood Altai
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The present study is a descriptive, analytic and contrastive one because it describes concord in English and Arabic to arrive at the similarities and differences between the two languages. This study aims at describing, analyzing and comparing concord in English and Arabic because the phenomenon of concord has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years. It also aims at comparing and contrasting concord between the two languages by defining it, showing its syntactic and semantic aspects and illustrating its different types and rules. This study concludes that concord as a syntactic phenomenon exists in both languages. English deals with such a topic clearly and separately in grammar while in Arabic, it is not by being explained in sentences. Arab grammarians pay attention to the role of concord in the sentence and deal with it in different grammatical topics. 

Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 4721-4727
Author(s):  
Qing Chen Shao ◽  
Zhen Zhen Wang ◽  
Zhi Jie Hao
Keyword(s):  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
Rhetorical Figure ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech. Pun as a figure of speech uses a word or phrase to get two meanings: literal meaning and connotation meaning so as to achieve humorous or sarcastic sense. There are many similarities between English and Chinese but in many ways they are different, while people always subconsciously consider them as equal and use them in any occasions. To solve these problems, this thesis solves them through the contrastive study of English and Chinese rhetorical figure-pun. By analyzing and comparing English and Chinese puns in some typical sentences and dialogues through semantic, pragmatic, cultural perspectives, partial tone, forms, meanings and so on. This thesis show that pun between English and Chinese exists lots of similarities and differences from different perspectives. Through all the endeavors done in this thesis, a better understanding of both languages and cultures, and smoother translation would be obtained. Whats more, people can use puns in English and Chinese languages properly so as to eliminate unnecessary misunderstandings when communicating with others.

scholarly journals The concept of bovarism illustrated by a postmodern prototype: Gheorghe Crăciun’s Pupa russa

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Bianca-Maria Bucur Tincu
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Real World ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper aims to illustrate the concept of bovarism as defined by Jules de Gaultier at the end of the 19th century, as illustrated by Pupa russa, a postmodernist novel written by Gheorghe Crăciun. The thematic approach evinced by the Romanian author is challenging its readership because it follows a rhizomatic literary narration that also encapsulates a historical dimension. The focus of the analysis is on the similarities and differences between Crăciun’s and Flaubert’s protagonists, Leontina Guran and Emma Bovary, and on the fascination and importance of the bovaristic trajectory, with its implications and dimensions. This critical angle unveils the novel’s message, as well as a heightened sense of awareness with regard to the realities of personal actions against the background of the communist regime.   The condition of the human being implies both outer and inner growth, yet there are several factors such as the societal conditions one is subjected to that can irrevocably change the future “I”. The episodes presenting LeonTina’s life are key elements, nodes of connections accessed by an objective and realistic eye. Therefore, all the observations are intended to clarify, to reveal the meanings and to outline the inner effects produced by a circular, closed social environment and how one can or cannot find one’s true way. The innate impulse of “becoming someone” can very easily be perceived as “becoming someone else”. Thus, the present critical approach is highly relevant to contemporary readers. The apparent freedom possessed by everyone in present times entails responsibility as well as danger. The present comparison is an example shedding light on some issues regarding bovaristic behaviour, which is more and more apparent in the real world.  

scholarly journals A Contrastive Study of Heteroglossia in the Reasoning of Criminal Judgments of Chinese Mainland and Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Song
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Textual Structure ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Engagement System ◽  
Selection Of

Within the framework of the Engagement System of Appraisal Theory, this thesis investigates the heteroglossia of the reasoning of criminal judgments of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and examines their similarities and differences in the employment of heteroglossic engagement resources and underlying causes. The reasoning of 20 criminal judgments of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong produced upon second instance for the same cause of action are collected and built as two separate corpora to carry out the study. It is found that judges of both Chinese mainland and Hong Kong employ various heteroglossic engagement resources to locate position and negotiate with other voices while proceeding with reasoning. Furthermore, they share some similarities in the selection of subtypes of engagement resources, which is attributed to the fact that they hold similar communicative purposes in the reasoning of judicial judgments; while the differences can be interpreted from the distinct legal doctrines in the mainland and Hong Kong and the textual structure of the reasoning of criminal judgments.

scholarly journals Epistemic qualifications of the English marker likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian

Kalbotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (69) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Anna Ruskan
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Conceptual Link

The current study focuses on the epistemic qualifications realised by the English adjective and adverb likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian panašu ‘likely, it seems’ and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’, which derive from the semantic domain of comparison and belief. The aim of the study is to identify the functional similarities and differences of the markers in terms of their frequency, syntactic features (Complement-Taking-Predicates (CTPs), adverbials), functions, collocational profile and type of discourse (academic, newspaper). The English and Lithuanian data were drawn from the monolingual corpora, namely the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL), Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) and the bidirectional parallel corpus ParaCorpENàLTàEN. The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that the closest cross-linguistic CTP and adverbial equivalents are likely and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’ because they are most frequent in formal registers (academic, newspaper discourse) and display similar collocational profiles and contexts of use. In contexts with explicit evidence and argumentation, they may acquire evidential functions. Although the CTP and adverbial panašu ‘likely, it seems’ shares similarities with likely and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’ in expressing the author’s degree of probability, it shows a different semantic profile from the latter due to its conceptual link with the original meaning of similarity and appearances. The study shows how markers that derive from the semantic domain of comparison vary in functional distribution in present-day English and Lithuanian and introduces their functional equivalents deriving from a different semantic domain.

scholarly journals Approval and Disapproval Expressions in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Abeer Hadi Salih
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Linguistics

Any language in the world wide has different expressions and terms that convey approval or disapproval that language speakers may use in their daily life. English language for instance, is full of such expressions and can be found in any situation needs to. The present research studies approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic as a contrastive study. It tries to search for those terms or sentences that are used to express approval and disapproval in English with their counterparts in Arabic. It aims to highlight the points of similarities and differences between those expressions that are used to state approval and disapproval in the two languages. Also the study includes a contrastive analysis to the expressions of approval and disapproval in English with their equivalents in Arabic in order to come up with the conclusions. It concluded that the approval and disapproval expressions in English language are similar to their counterparts in Arabic language but differ in two points. Firstly in Arabic language main verbs are used to convey approval and disapproval whereas in English are not. Secondly, in English language the exclamatory style is used to express approval in contrast, Arabic language is not. Researchers, teachers, translators and any who cares about English language and linguistics can get benefit from this study, precisely because it includes a comparison between two languages, English language and Arabic, with several types of expressions and terms that are being actually used to express approval and disapproval.

scholarly journals Making a little go a long way: A corpus-based analysis of a high-frequency word and some pedagogical implications for young Spanish learners

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Belén Labrador de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Word ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
High Frequency Word ◽  
Contrastive Study

This study explores the different uses of the word little, its equivalents in Spanish and its teaching to young Spanish learners. First, it aims at analyzing the lexico-grammatical behavior of little in a corpus of children’s short stories, where its prevailing use, preceding countable nouns, has been found to be much more frequent than in other domains and registers. A contrastive study follows, which examines how little has been translated in an English-Spanish parallel corpus; the results show that diminutives constitute an important equivalent. Finally, some didactic implications are proposed, with the application of corpus-based findings to the teaching of English to young Spanish learners from an approach that combines lexical syllabi and story-based methodologies.

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