scholarly journals Epistemic qualifications of the English marker likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian

Kalbotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (69) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Anna Ruskan
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Conceptual Link

The current study focuses on the epistemic qualifications realised by the English adjective and adverb likely and its equivalents in Lithuanian panašu ‘likely, it seems’ and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’, which derive from the semantic domain of comparison and belief. The aim of the study is to identify the functional similarities and differences of the markers in terms of their frequency, syntactic features (Complement-Taking-Predicates (CTPs), adverbials), functions, collocational profile and type of discourse (academic, newspaper). The English and Lithuanian data were drawn from the monolingual corpora, namely the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL), Corpus of Academic Lithuanian (CorALit) and the bidirectional parallel corpus ParaCorpENàLTàEN. The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that the closest cross-linguistic CTP and adverbial equivalents are likely and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’ because they are most frequent in formal registers (academic, newspaper discourse) and display similar collocational profiles and contexts of use. In contexts with explicit evidence and argumentation, they may acquire evidential functions. Although the CTP and adverbial panašu ‘likely, it seems’ shares similarities with likely and tikėtina ‘believable, likely’ in expressing the author’s degree of probability, it shows a different semantic profile from the latter due to its conceptual link with the original meaning of similarity and appearances. The study shows how markers that derive from the semantic domain of comparison vary in functional distribution in present-day English and Lithuanian and introduces their functional equivalents deriving from a different semantic domain.

First words and prosodic structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Marilyn May Vihman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
British English ◽  
Ambient Language ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Prosodic Structures ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
First Words

This chapter presents data from four to eight children each learning one of six languages, British English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, and Welsh. As a basis for cross-linguistic comparison the chapter first considers similarities and differences in the target forms of the first words of these children. It then presents the children’s later prosodic structures, including American English in the comparison. The chapter considers the development changes apparent from comparing the first words with the later structures and quantifies the extent of variegation in first word targets and later child word forms. In concluding, it is found that common resources are strongly in evidence in the first words but by the later point there is good evidence of ambient language influence as well as of individual differences within the groups.

Human impersonal pronouns in Swedish and Dutch

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evie Coussé ◽  
Johan van der Auwera
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Impersonal Pronouns

This paper presents a contrastive study of the human impersonal pronouns man in Swedish and men in Dutch. Both impersonal pronouns are etymologically derived from man ‘human being’ and they more or less have the same meaning. However, there are important differences in the usage of these pronouns. In this study, the similarities and differences between Swedish man and Dutch men are studied in a Dutch-Swedish parallel corpus. Analysing a parallel corpus has the advantage of allowing one to both study the distribution of man and men in original texts and to contrast the use of these pronouns with their translations.

scholarly journals Jednostka leksykalna барем i jej polskie odpowiedniki — próba analizy semantycznej i składniowej na podstawie przekładów prozy macedońskiej na język polski i polskiej na język macedoński

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Magdalena Błaszak
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Lexical unit барем — semantic and syntactic analysisThis study aims to show what semantic and syntactic features has alexical unit барем in the contemporary Macedonian language. On the basis of confrontation of meaning and scope of the use of the tested particles in Polish and Macedonian, the author points to the similarities and differences in both languages. The results of the analysis show that Polish has richer lexical inventory. They show the versatility of particle барем in Macedonian and also prove that барем is one-segment lexi­cal unit, which is used as aparticle in the sentences and has no homonyms in Macedonian.Барем — семантичка и ситаксичка анализаОвaа статија има за цел да го покаже какви карактеристични функции — семантички и синтаксички има зборот барем во современиот македонски јазик. Врз основа на конфрон­тација на значењето и опсегот на употребата на испитуваната честичка во полски имаке­донски јазик, авторката ги укажува сличностите и разликите во двата јазика. Резултатите од анализата покажуваат побогат инвентар во полската лексика и, исто така, флексибилност на честичката барем во македонскиот јазик и докажуваат дека барем е еден сегмент лексички единици, кои служат во реченицата само како честичка, нема хомоними во македонски јазик.

scholarly journals Contrastive Analysis of British and American English in Relation To Teaching English as a Foreign Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2367-2372
Author(s):  
Novalina Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
American English ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
British English ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was a descriptive research which was aimed at finding out the similarities, dissimilarities and the contributions of the contrastive analysis on teaching English as a foreign language. The data of this research were collected through library and internet sources. The researchers use comparative descriptive method to analyse the data. The obtained results was the comparison of American and British English in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, pronunciation and the contributions of them in teaching English as a foreign language. The research finding shows that British and American English are very similar in many aspects. Even though British and American English are mostly similar, they also have some differences. The difference of British and American English can be found in terms of vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation. Among them, vocabulary is the largest one. It is suggested that lecturers and teachers aware of the similarities and differences between British and American English in teaching English as a foreign language so that it will lead to the successful teaching of English including its varieties.

scholarly journals The Linguistic Characteristics and Functions of Hashtags: #Is it a New Language?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Everyday Communication

Defined as a form of tagging that allows social media users to embed metadata in their posts, hashtags initially served to categorize topics and make them searchable online. Originating first on Twitter in 2007, hashtags have spread to other platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, and Youtube. In addition to functioning as topic markers, hashtags have developed more complex linguistic functions. The ubiquity of this feature in the online medium, which now occupies a significant portion of our everyday communication is thus worthy of investigation. Although this topic has been researched in different disciplines, such as information diffusion, marketing, as well as sociology and public opinion, hashtags have not yet received enough attention from linguistic research. Using a sample of hashtags from a corpus of Instagram posts by Egyptian and Arab participants, this research thus aims to examine the characteristics of hashtags from a linguistic perspective, with particular focus on hashtags in the Arabic language. The study primarily seeks to determine the morpho-syntactic features of these recently emerging linguistic items according to the taxonomy proposed by Caleffi (2015). It also explores the pragmatic functions of hashtags based on Zappavigna’s (2015) view of hashtags as technologically discursive tools. The analysis points out that most of the hashtags in the data serve the experiential function and come as suffixes. The findings reveal both similarities and differences between English and Arabic hashtags.

A comparative Analysis of apology Speech acts between American English and Iraqi Kurdish

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rawshan Ibrahim Tahir ◽  
Ambigapathy Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Explicit Expression ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
American English ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Strategies

The present study is a comparative analysis of apology speech acts in both native speakers of Kurdish and native speakers of American English. It aims at finding out the similarities and differences in the strategies used to apologize in both languages. Therefore, a Discourse completion Task (DCT) questionnaire consisted of 15 situations was used to collect the data from 50 native speakers of English and 50 native speakers of Kurdish language. The findings revealed that both languages used similar five main strategies to apologize which confirm the universality of speech acts. However, the differences came out in the use of sub-strategies of an explicit expression of apology; native speakers of English used more an expression of regret strategy to perform an apology while native speakers of Kurdish used offer of an apology strategy more to apologize. Furthermore, the differences occurred in the frequency of strategies used to apologize in both languages. The study also revealed the occurrence of other new strategies in Kurdish Language that did not exist in English languag

Elicited Imitation of Selected Features of Two American English Dialects in Head Start Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irene Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
American English ◽  
Black English ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Head Start Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Three measures were used to check the bidialectal imitative facility of 100 black, white, and Spanish-speaking Head Start children. In general, blacks and Spanish-speaking subjects performed more accurately on black English markers than on Standard English markers and whites, the reverse. When the children did make an error on the feature marker they usually substituted the opposing dialectal marker. Blacks and Spanish-speaking subjects were more apt to be accurate on the total sentence when it was given in black English. Several explanations are offered for group similarities and differences.

scholarly journals On Describing Similarity and Measuring Equivalence in English-Spanish Translation

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-159
Author(s):  
Marlén Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies

This article reports on a descriptive translation study that attempts to examine the notion of equivalence in translation in an empirical manner. In order to do that, the analysis focuses on the similarities and differences, considered as the components of any relation of equivalence, between the source texts and the target texts. In this particular case, the source texts are English Gerund-Participle (G-P) Adjuncts, and their target texts, the Spanish translational options found in so-called “ACTRES parallel corpus.” The study is interdisciplinary as it draws from contrastive functional analysis and descriptive translation studies, from a corpus-based approach. The study reveals different types of similarities between the English G-P Adjuncts and its Spanish equivalents, which are described in functional terms, taking into consideration functionality, meaning-form interface and frequency of usage. The descriptive parameters followed have prompted a grading system for measuring equivalence between the objects of study.

scholarly journals JAPANESE ONOMATOPOEIC SEMANTIC STRUCTURES A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 4711-4720
Author(s):  
Ita Fitriana, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, I Wayan Pastika, I Nengah Sudipa
Keyword(s):  
Language Community ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Action Verbs

Onomatopoeia is a product of language and culture. Although almost all languages have an onomatopoeia, they are different in application. Japanese onomatopoeia is more like French onomatopoeia in that it not only imitates the sound that is heard, but also that which the senses do not hear. This research aims to describe the original meaning of Japanese onomatopoeic verbs into a simple one so that they are easily understood by the cross-language community. The method used is the technique of observing and recording data obtained from written media such as textbooks and websites. The findings obtained from this study are that several semantic structures show similarities and differences, namely the differences of intention and desire from state verbs, process verbs and action verbs.

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