Survival Rates of the Queensland Fruit-Fly, Dacus-Tryoni, in Early Spring - Field-Cage Studies With Cold-Acclimated Wild Flies and Irradiated, Warm-Acclimated or Cold-Acclimated, Laboratory Flies

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAC Fay ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison ◽  
Better Than

During spring in 1976, 1977 and 1978, field-cage studies were undertaken 80 km SSW. of Sydney. These examined the relative survival abilities of irradiated Dacus tryoni, that had been conditioned either to warm or to cold prior to release, and of wild flies cold-conditioned to post-winter temperatures. In 1976, survival rate of warm-conditioned steriles was compared with that of wild flies. The former suffered higher mortality than the latter, and this was thought to be because of their inability to with- stand frosts. In 1977, a comparison was made between cold-conditioned irradiated flies and wild flies. There was no statistical difference in survival rate but both fly types suffered substantial mortality caused by successive extreme minima, lack of rain and, latterly, high daytime temperatures. A simultaneous comparison of both kinds of sterile fly and wild flies in 1978 showed that cold-conditioned steriles survived better than warm-conditioned ones during the initial weeks, when the cold-torpor thresholds of the two types remained distinct; survival of cold-conditioned steriles was similar to that of the wild flies.

Survival, Development Rates and Generation Times of the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus Tryoni, in a Marginally Favourable Climate: Experiments in Victoria.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT O'loughlin ◽  
RA East ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Trap Catches

The abundance of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni (Froggatt), is greatest in the tropical-sub- tropical part of its range in Queensland and declines towards its southern extreme in Victoria, where conditions are not very favourable for survival in winter or for a rapid rate of increase in summer. The rate of detection of larval infestations and the level of trap catches of adults indicate that Melbourne (southern Victoria) has had a very low population of D. tryoni each summer for at least 8 years and probably for the last 30 years. Field cage studies in Melbourne, of cohorts started each month as eggs, pupae and teneral adults, indicated that adults emerging from mid-April to mid-May could survive to breed in the following spring. It appears that adults emerging earlier would not survive to produce eggs in spring, and that adults would not be expected to emerge later in autumn because the survival rates of larvae are very low and the survival rate of pupae is zero in winter months. Times taken for cohorts to develop from egg to pupariation, from egg to adult emergence and from egg to adult maturity agreed with the predictions ofthe model of Meats (1981) using temperatures prevailing over the study period. A continuing culture established in a field cage in northern Victoria achieved 3.7 generations in the 1981-82 season. The number and time span of generations also agreed with the predictions ofthe model. It is concluded that a permanent population in Melbourne would have two or sometimes three complete generations per year and never achieve a high density. However, populations in northern Victoria would have three or sometimes four complete generations per year, and relatively high densities may be reached in seasons permitting four generations.

Prostate cancer patient’s survival in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Giedrė Smailytė ◽  
Robertas Adomaitis ◽  
Karolis Ulinskas ◽  
Birutė Aleknavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Survival Differences

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the survival of prostate cancer patients during the 12-year period and to analyze differences in survival by period of diagnosis, stage of disease, age and place of residence. Materials and methods. All newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer (ICD-10, C61) in men were identified in the Lithuanian Cancer Registry for the period 1994–2005. Five-year relative survival estimates were computed with the Hakulinen method using the STATA software. Five-year relative survival estimates were calculated for three different periods of time when prostate cancer was diagnosed (1994–1997, 1998–2001 and 2002–2005), by age (15–59, 60–74, and 75–99), stage at diagnosis (I, II, III, IV, unknown) and place of residence (cities and towns or rural areas). Results. The survival of prostate cancer patients in Lithuania has dramatically increased. Five-year relative survival in the period 1994–1997 was 46.92% and in the period 2002–2005 it reached 86.49%. Medium age prostate cancer patients (60–74 years) compared to younger and older patients had better survival rates. Increasing survival was observed for all stages of disease. Lower five-year relative survival rate of prostate cancer patients was reported for men from villages or other rural areas compared to patients from cities and towns in all periods under study. Conclusions. The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer has increased from 46.92% (95% CI 44.12–49.74) in 1994–1997 to 86.49% (95% CI 84.73–88.22) in 2002–2005 in Lithuania. The study identified survival differences by age and place of residence. Issues, such as access to care, quality of medical care, must be made equally available and accessible for the whole population with special attention to older men and men living in rural areas.

Comparative Survival of Indicator Viruses and Enteric Viruses in Seawater and Sediment

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chung ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Sediment Mixture ◽  
Sediment Mixtures ◽  
Better Than

Laboratory studies quantified the relative survival of F+ coliphages, B. fragilis phages, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus, and rotavirus in seawater and seawater-sediment mixtures. Samples of each matrix were seeded with mixed populations of the viruses and incubated at 5 and 25°C for 60 days. F+ coliphages were inactivated faster than three enteric viruses in seawater at 25°C. In seawater-sediment mixture at 5 and 25°C or at 5°C in seawater, their survival was comparable to those enteric viruses that died off rapidly. In contrast, B. fragilis phages survived comparable to or better than enteric viruses in all conditions. Except for HAV, greater percentages of total detectable viruses were distributed in sediment over time. The effect of sediment on survival of viruses differed among viruses. Survival rates were significantly greater at 5°C than at 25° for all five viruses.

Analyzing Survival Trends in Multiple Myeloma Patients in Pre and Post-Bortezomib Era Using the SEER Database

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2639-2639
Author(s):  
Jayadev Manikkam Umakanthan ◽  
Dipesh Uprety ◽  
Vineela Kasireddy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Relative Standard Error ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract Background: Bortezomib is an antineoplastic agent that acts through protease inhibition. Since, its approval in 2003 by U.S. Food and Drug administration, it has been used religiously for multiple myeloma. There is no current population based study that assesses the survival benefit in multiple myeloma from bortezomib. We conducted a population based study to evaluate the relative survival rates in multiple myeloma patients in pre and post-Bortezomib era in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database to compare five-year relative survival rates (RS) among multiple myeloma patients. The study arms were categorized by gender (male and female), race (Caucasians and African-Americans) and age (20-59, ≥60 years). The RS were compared between pre-bortezomib era (1991-2002) and post-bortezomib era (2004-2011). The survival rate accompanied standard errors and the statistical significance was defined as p value <0.05. Results: The database comprised of 57,328 patients. The RS have improved significantly during post-bortezomib era in all cohorts under consideration. There was no significant difference in survival rate between male and female and between the African American and Caucasian. However, the relative survival was much better with the young adult (20-59 years) as compared to adult ≥60 years. The table detailing the relative survival is given below. Conclusion: The Primary treatment protocols for Multiple Myeloma have changed dramatically since the approval of Bortezomib in 2003. Other novel agents introduced in the last decade include thalidomide, Lenalidomide and liposomal doxorubicin that are used in conjunction with Bortezomib. Survival trends continue to improve and we believe this modest improvement in survival rate is mainly due to the introduction of Bortezomib and other novel agents. The next challenge is to find new drugs which would prevent relapses and further prolong survival. Abstract 2639. Table.Study armSubclass of cohortsPre-bortezomib era (1991-2002)Post- bortezomib era (2004-2011)Z scoreP ValueNRS (%)Relative Standard Error (SE) (%)NRS (%)Relative Standard Error (SE) (%) GenderMale13,06634.60.517,76546.10.615.904<0.0001Female11,58032.10.514,91743.70.614.765<0.0001 RaceCaucasian18,83632.90.423,98145.00.519.259<0.0001African American4,27434.70.86,39145.10.98.488<0.0001 Age group20-596,35848.10.69,43960.20.712.920<0.0001>=6018,28827.80.423,24338.40.516.606<0.0001 Total: male and female: 1991-2002; 24,646, RS 33.4%; SE 0.3%; 2004-2011; 32,682, RS 45.0%, SE 0.4%; Z score 21.766, P value <0.0001. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: malignant neoplasms of the tongue C01, 02 (mortality rate in patients, median survival of patients, taking into account the stage of the disease and the histological structure of the tumor). Part II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili ◽  
Elvira N. Merabishvili ◽  
Alexander M. Shcherbakov ◽  
Alexander B. Vasiliev ◽  
Alexey F. Barsukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Oncology Service

Malignant neoplasms of the tongue occupy 0.55% in the general structure of the cancer incidence in Russian population. No information on other parameters (the number of deaths, mortality of patients, their distribution by stages of the disease and other analytical indicators) is provided in the official reporting. The opportunity appeared only with the development of Population-based Cancer Registries (PCR) system, but this wealth of material is not used for the official reporting. Tongue cancer is a visual localization with a high mortality rate, which requires special attention. The study was conducted to investigate the state of Russian Oncology Service for tongue cancer patients with the calculations of one-year mortality rate, annual mortality rate, median survival, 1,3,5-year observed and relative survival rates, first time in Russia, at the level of the newly created Population-based Cancer Registry of the Federal District. In Russia, there has been little research on the analysis of the cancer survival rate at the population level. We have been conducting developments for all malignant tumors localizations since 2000 based on the St. Petersburg PCR database. The level of 5-year observed and relative survival rates for tongue cancer patients in Russia (St. Petersburg and the NWFD RF) has been found to be significantly lower than the EU average (Eurocare-4). To carry out this study, 5188 observations from the NWFD RF PCR database were selected. It has been established that during 4 periods of observation, the mortality rate for tongue cancer patients during the first year of observation in the NWFD RF has decreased under the C01 rubric (cancer of the base of the tongue) from 58.5 to 45.8%; and under the C02 rubric (malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue) from 54.5 to 42.7%. The five-year survival rate for tongue cancer patients has increased by 23.3%.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Low Temperature on the Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Bactrocera cucurbitae

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2141-2149
Author(s):  
Yuyu Huang ◽  
Xiangpeng Gu ◽  
Xiaoqin Peng ◽  
Mei Tao ◽  
Lei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract The fruit flies Bactrocera tau (Walker) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) are economically important invasive pests on numerous vegetable and fruit species in China. Due to the instability of the early spring climate, temperatures often deviate far below the normal temperature for short periods of time. Such a sudden short-term low temperature may impact the reproduction and development of the two fruit fly species. In this study, the effects of low temperatures (8, 6, 4, 2, 0, −2, and −4°С) on the development and reproduction of these two closely related fruit fly species were studied under laboratory condition. The results showed that their survival rates decreased gradually with corresponding decreases in the tested temperatures. On the other hand, their pre-oviposition periods and their adult female to male sex ratios increased, while the average number of eggs per female of each species and longevity of male adult of B. cucurbitae initially increased and later decreased after exposure to the low-temperature treatments. Overall, low temperatures promoted reproduction in B. cucurbitae and B. tau at temperatures ranging from 24°С to as low as 8°С. Development and reproduction of the two species were negatively affected when temperatures were between 8 to −4°С. The cold resistance of each developmental stage was higher in B. tau than in corresponding stages of B. cucurbitae.

scholarly journals Improvement of Survival over Time for Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4038
Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Vytautas Gaizauskas ◽  
Inga Kildusiene ◽  
Narimantas Evaldas Samalavicius ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Regional Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed the mortality and survival of colorectal cancer patients in Lithuania. Methods: This was a national cohort study. Population-based data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry and period analyses were collected. Overall, 20,980 colorectal cancer patients were included. We examined the changes in colorectal cancer mortality and survival rates between 1998 and 2012 according to cancer anatomical sub-sites and stages. We calculated the 5-year relative survival estimates using period analysis. Results: Overall, 20,980 colorectal cancer cases reported from 1998 to 2012 were included in the study. The total number of newly diagnosed colorectal cancers increased from 1998–2002 to 2008–2012 by 12.1%. The highest number of colorectal cancers was localized and increased from 33.9% to 42.0%. The number of cancers with regional metastases and advanced cancers decreased by 11.1% and 15.5%, respectively. An increased number of new cases was observed for almost all colon cancer sub-sites. The overall 5-year relative survival rate increased from 37.9% in 1998–2002 to 51.5% in 2008–2012. We showed an increase in survival rates for all stages and all sub-sites. In the most recent period, patients with a localized disease had a 5-year survival rate of 78.6%, while survival estimates for advanced cancer patients remained low at 6.6%. Conclusion: Although survival rates variated in colorectal cancer patients according to disease stages and sub-sites, we showed increased survival rates for all patients.

scholarly journals Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma High Incidence And Poor Survival In Finnish Population-Based Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inka Puhakka ◽  
Hanne Kuitunen ◽  
Pekka Jäkälä ◽  
Eila Sonkajärvi ◽  
Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Relative Survival Rate

Abstract Background: We report here the first population-based incidence rates and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland. Methods: Finnish Cancer Registry data by histological diagnosis and tumor location (2007-2017) for cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Results: During 2007–2017, 392 new cases of PCNSL were reported (195 males, 197 females). The average age-adjusted incidence was 0.68/100.000 person-years. Incidence for males was 0.74/100.000 and for females 0.63/100.000, respectively. The incidence was highest, 2.93/100.000, among people aged 75–79 years. Concerning all cases in 2007-2017 the 2-year age-adjusted relative survival rate was 35% and the corresponding 5-year survival rate was 28%. Among patients under the age of 70, the age-adjusted 5-year relative survival rate increased from 36% in 2007-2012 to 43% for 2013-2017. Among patients aged 70+ the corresponding survival rates were poor, 7% and 9%.Conclusions: PCNSL incidence in Finland is among the highest reported in the world. The annual increase in incidence was 2.4%. The prognosis is still dismal, especially in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mortality and Survival Rate of Liver Cancer in Zhejiang Province in China: A General Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
World Population

Background. Few accurate up-to-date studies provide liver cancer mortality and survival information in Zhejiang province. This research aimed to depict the mortality and survival of liver cancer in Zhejiang province in China during 2005-2010. Methods. The data were collected from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System, and the mortality rates of liver cancer were calculated by gender, age, and areas. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi’s world population were used for age-standardized mortality rate. The observed and relative survival rates of liver cancer patients were analyzed. Results. The crude mortality rate of liver cancer was 32.11/105. The age-standardized mortality rate was 17.39/105 and 23.07/105 by Chinese population (ASIRC) and Segi’s world population (ASIRW), respectively. The crude liver cancer mortality rate and age-standardized rate in urban areas were lower than those of rural areas. The overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year observed survival (OS) rates of liver cancer patients were 38.61%, 21.65%, and 16.83%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year relative survival (RS) rates of liver cancer patients were 39.49%, 23.27%, and 19.09%, respectively. Survival rate decreased obviously within 1 to 5 years and then leveled off. It was shown that the male overall survival rate was higher than the female one and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions. Both lower mortality and better survival rates were observed in urban areas, compared to rural areas. Relevant parties including government, public resource, and propaganda department should devote enough attention to rural areas.

Adaptations to temperature in geographic races of the Queensland fruit fly Dacus (Strumenta) tryoni

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Capacity For Increase

Four populations of Dacus tryoni collected from widely separated regions on the east coast of Australia (Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney, and East Gippsland) were compared in the laboratory to determine how they differed in their adaptations to temperature, and what adaptations have enabled the species to spread into colder areas. The main criteria used for the comparisons were the innate capacity for increase (rm) and its components : speed of development, survival rate, and fecundity. The races were compared at three different temperatures and in two successive years. Differences between the races from Cairns, Brisbane, and Sydney were often large and consistent, and in general they correlated well with differences in the climates of the respective geographic areas. At the lowest temperature the Sydney strain had the highest (rm), while the Cairns strain had the lowest. At the intermediate temperature there were no significant differences between the strains. At the highest temperature the Cairns strain had the highest (rm), while the Sydney strain had the lowest. The strain from East Gippsland behaved in an unpredictable way in most of the experiments, and rarely fitted into the trends set by the other three strains. The major differences appear to have been due primarily to adaptations affecting fecundity. There were also significant differences in the longevity of adults and the survival rates of immature stages, but not in speeds of development. The differences in fecundity may have been related to differences in the proportions of females fertilized in the experimental cages.

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