Survival, Development Rates and Generation Times of the Queensland Fruit Fly, Dacus Tryoni, in a Marginally Favourable Climate: Experiments in Victoria.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT O'loughlin ◽  
RA East ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Trap Catches

The abundance of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni (Froggatt), is greatest in the tropical-sub- tropical part of its range in Queensland and declines towards its southern extreme in Victoria, where conditions are not very favourable for survival in winter or for a rapid rate of increase in summer. The rate of detection of larval infestations and the level of trap catches of adults indicate that Melbourne (southern Victoria) has had a very low population of D. tryoni each summer for at least 8 years and probably for the last 30 years. Field cage studies in Melbourne, of cohorts started each month as eggs, pupae and teneral adults, indicated that adults emerging from mid-April to mid-May could survive to breed in the following spring. It appears that adults emerging earlier would not survive to produce eggs in spring, and that adults would not be expected to emerge later in autumn because the survival rates of larvae are very low and the survival rate of pupae is zero in winter months. Times taken for cohorts to develop from egg to pupariation, from egg to adult emergence and from egg to adult maturity agreed with the predictions ofthe model of Meats (1981) using temperatures prevailing over the study period. A continuing culture established in a field cage in northern Victoria achieved 3.7 generations in the 1981-82 season. The number and time span of generations also agreed with the predictions ofthe model. It is concluded that a permanent population in Melbourne would have two or sometimes three complete generations per year and never achieve a high density. However, populations in northern Victoria would have three or sometimes four complete generations per year, and relatively high densities may be reached in seasons permitting four generations.

Survival Rates of the Queensland Fruit-Fly, Dacus-Tryoni, in Early Spring - Field-Cage Studies With Cold-Acclimated Wild Flies and Irradiated, Warm-Acclimated or Cold-Acclimated, Laboratory Flies

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAC Fay ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison ◽  
Better Than

During spring in 1976, 1977 and 1978, field-cage studies were undertaken 80 km SSW. of Sydney. These examined the relative survival abilities of irradiated Dacus tryoni, that had been conditioned either to warm or to cold prior to release, and of wild flies cold-conditioned to post-winter temperatures. In 1976, survival rate of warm-conditioned steriles was compared with that of wild flies. The former suffered higher mortality than the latter, and this was thought to be because of their inability to with- stand frosts. In 1977, a comparison was made between cold-conditioned irradiated flies and wild flies. There was no statistical difference in survival rate but both fly types suffered substantial mortality caused by successive extreme minima, lack of rain and, latterly, high daytime temperatures. A simultaneous comparison of both kinds of sterile fly and wild flies in 1978 showed that cold-conditioned steriles survived better than warm-conditioned ones during the initial weeks, when the cold-torpor thresholds of the two types remained distinct; survival of cold-conditioned steriles was similar to that of the wild flies.

Demography of barren-ground grizzly bears

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D McLoughlin ◽  
Mitchell K Taylor ◽  
H Dean Cluff ◽  
Robert J Gau ◽  
Robert Mulders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Grizzly Bears ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

Between May 1995 and June 1999, we equipped 81 barren-ground grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) with satellite radio collars within a study area of 235 000 km2, centred 400 km northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. We used data from radiotelemetry to estimate survival rates, reproductive parameters, and the finite rate of increase of the population (λ). The annual survival rate of adult females was estimated at 0.979 (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.955–0.998), while the survival rate of adult males was 0.986 (95% CI = 0.942–1.0). The cub survival rate was 0.737 (95% CI = 0.600–0.844) and the yearling survival rate was 0.683 (95% CI = 0.514–0.821). Cub litter size averaged 2.23 (SE = 0.13, n = 35), while yearling litter size decreased to a mean of 1.86 (SE = 0.12, n = 35). The mean litter size of females with 2-year-olds was 1.85 (SE = 0.15, n = 20). The mean birth interval was 2.8 years (SE = 0.3 years, n = 17). The mean reproductive interval, which is calculated by excluding the loss of whole litters from the sample, was 3.9 years (SE = 0.4 years, n = 9). Mean litter size divided by mean birth interval yielded an annual natality rate of 0.81 cubs per adult female per year. The mean age at first parturition was 8.1 years (SE = 0.5 years, n = 10). We believe the population to be currently stable or slightly increasing (λ = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.008–1.064).

scholarly journals Effects of spirodiclofen on the reproductive potential of two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) ovipositing females

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marcic ◽  
Irena Ogurlic ◽  
P. Peric
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

A laboratory bioassay was conducted to evaluate the effects of spirodiclofen on the survival and reproduction of young and mated females of two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). The females were sprayed with a series of acaricide concentrations (96, 48, 24, 12, and 6 mg/l) 24-30 h after adult emergence, i.e., at the age most likely to exhibit dispersal behavior and close to their reproductive maximum. The proportions of T. urticae females that survived treatment without symptoms of poisoning were concentration-dependent, ranging between 0.41 and 0.88 (0.96 in the control). With the exception of females that survived 6 mg/l, fecundity of the treated female mites was strongly affected during the exposure, compared to the control. The mean daily fecundity (EL) and mean daily fertility (EH) of surviving females, transferred daily to new leaf disks over the following five days, significantly decreased as spirodiclofen concentrations increased. In treatments with 6 mg/l and 12 mg/l, only the latter concentration significantly reduced both EL and EH, compared to the control. In females that survived 24 mg/l and 48 mg/l, these life history parameters were reduced by over 90%, while treatment with 96 mg/l completely terminated egg-laying. The treated females lived for a significantly shorter time than untreated ones, with the exception of females that survived 6 mg/l. Compared to the control females, gross fecundity (GL) and gross fertility (GH) of the treated females were strongly reduced on the first and second day; from the third day onward, females treated with the lowest concentrations achieved marked recovery, their GL and GH going even above the values in the control. However, net fecundity (NL) and net fertility (NH) of all treated females decreased considerably throughout the trial, indicating that survival rates of these females were lower, compared to the control. Calculated as total sums of gross and net daily schedules within five days, fecundity and fertility significantly decreased as spirodiclofen concentration increased. The two lowest concentrations failed to achieve a significant reduction of GL, while GH, NL, and NH were significantly lower than control values starting with the females treated with 6 mg/L. A high percentage of unhatched eggs, especially during the initial two days after treatment (35-100%), further contributed to the significant reduction in fertility of the females treated with spirodiclofen. All concentrations of spirodiclofen significantly reduced the instantaneous rate of increase. Regression analysis showed a linear population decline with increased acaricide concentrations (y = 1.13 - 0.24x; R2 = 0.91, p < 0.05).

Adaptations to temperature in geographic races of the Queensland fruit fly Dacus (Strumenta) tryoni

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Capacity For Increase

Four populations of Dacus tryoni collected from widely separated regions on the east coast of Australia (Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney, and East Gippsland) were compared in the laboratory to determine how they differed in their adaptations to temperature, and what adaptations have enabled the species to spread into colder areas. The main criteria used for the comparisons were the innate capacity for increase (rm) and its components : speed of development, survival rate, and fecundity. The races were compared at three different temperatures and in two successive years. Differences between the races from Cairns, Brisbane, and Sydney were often large and consistent, and in general they correlated well with differences in the climates of the respective geographic areas. At the lowest temperature the Sydney strain had the highest (rm), while the Cairns strain had the lowest. At the intermediate temperature there were no significant differences between the strains. At the highest temperature the Cairns strain had the highest (rm), while the Sydney strain had the lowest. The strain from East Gippsland behaved in an unpredictable way in most of the experiments, and rarely fitted into the trends set by the other three strains. The major differences appear to have been due primarily to adaptations affecting fecundity. There were also significant differences in the longevity of adults and the survival rates of immature stages, but not in speeds of development. The differences in fecundity may have been related to differences in the proportions of females fertilized in the experimental cages.

Visibility and Persistence of Fluorescent Dyes, and Impacts on Emergence, Quality, and Survival of Sterile Queensland Fruit Fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2800-2807
Author(s):  
Humayra Akter ◽  
Phillip W Taylor ◽  
Peter Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Monitoring Traps ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Tephritid flies released in sterile insect technique pest management programs are usually marked with fluorescent dyes so that they can be distinguished from wild flies in monitoring traps. Dyes can have adverse effects on emergence, quality, and survival, which can impact sterile insect technique (SIT) success, and so it is important to identify dyes and doses that maximize marking efficacy while minimizing deleterious effects on fly quality. This study examines the effects of five fluorescent dye products, Fluoro Pink, Fluoro Orange, Stella Green, Arc Chrome, and Astral Pink applied at four dose levels (1, 2, 3, and 4 g/liter) on Queensland fruit fly. All dye products caused a similar dose-dependent reduction in percentage of adult emergence. Incidence of morphological deformity of emerged adults increased with dose, and this trend was similar for all dye products. No effects of dye product or dose were found on survival rates over the first 35 d of adulthood, although females tended to have higher survival than males. Visibility varied with dose and dye product; 1 g/liter dye was less visible than 2, 3, or 4 g/liter, and Stella green had lower visibility than other dyes. All of the tested dyes except for Stella green were similar in all assessed metrics of fly performance and are recommended for use in SIT programs.

THE PRINTING OF PACIOLI'S SUMMA IN 1494: HOW MANY COPIES WERE PRINTED?

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Printing Process

This paper considers the printing of Pacioli's Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (Summa) in 1494. In particular, it attempts to answer the question, how many copies of Summa were printed in 1494? It does so through consideration of the printing process, the printer of Summa, the size of the book, survival rates of other “serious” books of the period, and the dates it contains revealing when parts of it were completed. It finds that more copies were published than was previously suggested, and that the survival rate of copies has probably as much to do with the manner in which it was treated once acquired as in the number of copies printed.

scholarly journals Survival after surgery among patients with cholangiocarcinoma in Northeast Thailand according to anatomical and morphological classification

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Tawarungruang ◽  
Narong Khuntikeo ◽  
Nittaya Chamadol ◽  
Vallop Laopaiboon ◽  
Jaruwan Thuanman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Curative Surgery

Abstract Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been categorized based on tumor location as intrahepatic (ICCA), perihilar (PCCA) or distal (DCCA), and based on the morphology of the tumor of the bile duct as mass forming (MF), periductal infiltrating (PI) or intraductal (ID). To date, there is limited evidence available regarding the survival of CCA among these different anatomical and morphological classifications. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and median survival time after curative surgery among CCA patients according to their anatomical and morphological classifications, and to determine the association between these classifications and survival. Methods This study included CCA patients who underwent curative surgery from the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Northeast Thailand. The anatomical and morphological classifications were based on pathological findings after surgery. Survival rates of CCA and median survival time since the date of CCA surgery and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple cox regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with survival which were quantified by hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CIs. Results Of the 746 CCA patients, 514 had died at the completion of the study which constituted 15,643.6 person-months of data recordings. The incidence rate was 3.3 per 100 patients per month (95% CI: 3.0–3.6), with median survival time of 17.8 months (95% CI: 15.4–20.2), and 5-year survival rate of 24.6% (95% CI: 20.7–28.6). The longest median survival time was 21.8 months (95% CI: 16.3–27.3) while the highest 5-year survival rate of 34.8% (95% CI: 23.8–46.0) occurred in the DCCA group. A combination of anatomical and morphological classifications, PCCA+ID, was associated with the longest median survival time of 40.5 months (95% CI: 17.9–63.0) and the highest 5-year survival rate of 42.6% (95% CI: 25.4–58.9). The ICCA+MF combination was associated with survival (adjusted HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01–2.09; P = 0.013) compared to ICCA+ID patients. Conclusions Among patients receiving surgical treatment, those with PCCA+ID had the highest 5-year survival rate, which was higher than in groups classified by only anatomical characteristics. Additionally, the patients with ICCA+MF tended to have unfavorable surgical outcomes. Showed the highest survival association. Therefore, further investigations into CCA imaging should focus on patients with a combination of anatomical and morphological classifications.

scholarly journals The survival rates and risk factors of implants in the early stage: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Huiting Hu ◽  
Mianyan Zeng ◽  
Hongxing Chu ◽  
Zekun Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Early Survival ◽  
Immediate Implantation ◽  
Implant Length

Abstract Background Few large-sample studies in China have focused on the early survival of dental implants. The present study aimed to report the early survival rates of implants and determine the related influencing factors. Methods All patients receiving dental implants at our institution between 2006 and 2017 were included. The endpoint of the study was early survival rates of implants, according to gender, age, maxilla/mandible, dental position, bone augmentation, bone augmentation category, immediate implant, submerged implant category, implant diameter, implant length, implant torque, and other related factors. Initially, SPSS22.0 was used for statistical analysis. The Chi-square test was used to screen all factors, and those with p < 0.05 were further introduced into a multiple logistic regression model to illustrate the risk factors for early survival rates of implants. Results In this study, we included 1078 cases (601 males and 477 females) with 2053 implants. After implantation, 1974 implants were retained, and the early survival rate was 96.15%. Patients aged 30–60 years (OR  2.392), with Class I bone quality (OR  3.689), bone augmentation (OR  1.742), immediate implantation (OR  3.509), and implant length < 10 mm (OR  2.972), were said to possess risk factors conducive to early survival rates. Conclusions The early survival rate of implants in our cohort exceeded 96%, with risk factors including age, tooth position, bone quality, implant length, bone augmentation surgery, and immediate implantation. When the above factors coexist, implant placement should be treated carefully.

scholarly journals Does Larval Rearing Diet Lead to Premating Isolation in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xue-Yuan Di ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Cheng-Xu Wu ◽  
Xiao-Fei Yu ◽  
Jian-Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Behavioral Isolation ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Host plant preference during the larval stage may help shape not only phenotypic plasticity but also behavioral isolation. We assessed the effects of diet on population parameters and mate choice in Spodoptera litura. We raised larvae fed on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, or an artificial diet, and we observed the shortest developmental time and highest fecundity in individuals fed the artificial diet. However, survival rates were higher for larvae on either of the natural diets. Population parameters including intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were significantly higher with the artificial diet, but this diet led to a lower mean generation time. Copulation duration, copulation time, and number of eggs reared significantly differed between diets. In terms of mate choice, females on the artificial diet rarely mated with males fed on a natural host. Our results support the hypothesis that different diets may promote behavioral isolation, affecting mating outcomes. Thus, findings for populations fed an artificial diet may not reflect findings for populations in the field.

Association between Mode of Transportation and Survival in Adult Trauma Patients with Blunt Injuries: Matched Cohort Study between Police and Ground Ambulance Transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fouad A. Sakr ◽  
Rana H. Bachir ◽  
Mazen J. El Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Blunt Injuries ◽  
Ground Ambulance ◽  
Mode Of Transportation

Abstract Introduction: Early police transport (PT) of penetrating trauma patients has the potential to improve survival rates for trauma patients. There are no well-established guidelines for the transport of blunt trauma patients by PT currently. Study Objective: This study examines the association between the survival rate of blunt trauma patients and the transport modality (police versus ground ambulance). Methods: A retrospective, matched cohort study was conducted using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). All blunt trauma patients transported by police to trauma centers were identified and matched (one-to-four) to patients transported by ground Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for analysis. Descriptive analysis was carried out. This was followed by comparing all patients’ characteristics and their survival rates in terms of the mode of transportation. Results: Out of the 2,469 patients with blunt injuries, EMS transported 1,846 patients and police transported 623 patients. Most patients were 16-64 years of age (86.2%) with a male predominance (82.5%). Fall (38.4%) was the most common mechanism of injury with majority of injuries involving the head and neck body part (64.8%). Fractures were the most common nature of injury (62.1%). The overall survival rate of adult blunt trauma patients was similar for both methods of transportation (99.2%; P = 1.000). Conclusion: In this study, adult blunt trauma patients transported by police had similar outcomes to those transported by EMS. As such, PT in trauma should be encouraged and protocolized to improve resource utilization and outcomes further.

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