scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Low Temperature on the Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Bactrocera cucurbitae

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2141-2149
Author(s):  
Yuyu Huang ◽  
Xiangpeng Gu ◽  
Xiaoqin Peng ◽  
Mei Tao ◽  
Lei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract The fruit flies Bactrocera tau (Walker) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) are economically important invasive pests on numerous vegetable and fruit species in China. Due to the instability of the early spring climate, temperatures often deviate far below the normal temperature for short periods of time. Such a sudden short-term low temperature may impact the reproduction and development of the two fruit fly species. In this study, the effects of low temperatures (8, 6, 4, 2, 0, −2, and −4°С) on the development and reproduction of these two closely related fruit fly species were studied under laboratory condition. The results showed that their survival rates decreased gradually with corresponding decreases in the tested temperatures. On the other hand, their pre-oviposition periods and their adult female to male sex ratios increased, while the average number of eggs per female of each species and longevity of male adult of B. cucurbitae initially increased and later decreased after exposure to the low-temperature treatments. Overall, low temperatures promoted reproduction in B. cucurbitae and B. tau at temperatures ranging from 24°С to as low as 8°С. Development and reproduction of the two species were negatively affected when temperatures were between 8 to −4°С. The cold resistance of each developmental stage was higher in B. tau than in corresponding stages of B. cucurbitae.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach to Determine Flower Bud Vulnerability to Low Temperatures for Deciduous Crops in Early Spring Using Degree Days

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-657
Author(s):  
Andrés Javier Peña Quiñones ◽  
Melba Ruth Salazar Gutierrez ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
High Level

A common problem for decision makers in selecting frost control options is uncertainty about the level of injury that can be caused by low temperatures. During the past few years, the concept of lethal temperature (LT) at which 10% of the bud population dies (LT10) has been used as an index for evaluating the vulnerability of flower buds to low temperature conditions. This concept has shown to be a useful tool for frost control decision-making. However, the current methods used to obtain LT values assume no spatial or temporal variability, which results in a high level of uncertainty. The goal of this study was to develop an approach that decreases the uncertainty based on the known effects of temperature on bud vulnerability. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to determine flower bud vulnerability to low temperature as a function of temperature. The results from this study showed that thermal time expressed in degree days could explain changes in floral bud development and vulnerability to frost injury. According to our findings, LT10 is a fully acceptable index for determining flower bud vulnerability to low temperatures in orchard crops. Based on this information, we found that among the five apple and cherry cultivars analyzed, ‘Gala’ is the least vulnerable to low temperature because it starts at the beginning of spring with a high level of hardiness and increases its vulnerability at a low rate. The approach described in this article may enhance decision-making certainty associated with the timing and methods to increase air temperature in orchards during low-temperature events to avoid frost damage.

Survival Rates of the Queensland Fruit-Fly, Dacus-Tryoni, in Early Spring - Field-Cage Studies With Cold-Acclimated Wild Flies and Irradiated, Warm-Acclimated or Cold-Acclimated, Laboratory Flies

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAC Fay ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison ◽  
Better Than

During spring in 1976, 1977 and 1978, field-cage studies were undertaken 80 km SSW. of Sydney. These examined the relative survival abilities of irradiated Dacus tryoni, that had been conditioned either to warm or to cold prior to release, and of wild flies cold-conditioned to post-winter temperatures. In 1976, survival rate of warm-conditioned steriles was compared with that of wild flies. The former suffered higher mortality than the latter, and this was thought to be because of their inability to with- stand frosts. In 1977, a comparison was made between cold-conditioned irradiated flies and wild flies. There was no statistical difference in survival rate but both fly types suffered substantial mortality caused by successive extreme minima, lack of rain and, latterly, high daytime temperatures. A simultaneous comparison of both kinds of sterile fly and wild flies in 1978 showed that cold-conditioned steriles survived better than warm-conditioned ones during the initial weeks, when the cold-torpor thresholds of the two types remained distinct; survival of cold-conditioned steriles was similar to that of the wild flies.

Laboratory Emergence of Adults from Overwintering Pupae of the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Laboratory Emergence

AbstractEmergence in the laboratory at 80°F. of apple maggot adults from pupae overwintering outdoors was compared at different times of the dormant period and with emergence from pupae stored at 37-40° for all or varying parts of the dormant period. Shorter incubation times were required for emergence when pupae from outdoors were placed in incubation in autumn, one to three months after larval maturity, than during winter or early spring. Exposure for at least six weeks to low temperatures, either outdoors or in the laboratory, at first increased the incubation time required for emergence. Later the required incubation times of insects overwintering outdoors or in the refrigerator decreased as the duration of exposure to low temperature (or duration of dormancy) increased. But no such decrease was evident in samples of pupae held at 37-40°F. for periods longer than six months. Comparison of emergence from pupae from outdoors with those stored at 37-40°F. when incubated in spring and early summer showed that outdoor temperatures before June 1, in 1959-61 at least, had no effect on the subsequent emergence from pupae overwintering outdoors. When incubation at 70°, 75°, 80°, 85° and 90°F. was compared, the times required for emergence decreased with increased incubation temperature up to 85°F. However incubation at 90°F. resulted in a decrease in the percentage of incubated insects that emerged as adults.

In situ Tensile Experiments at Low Temperatures on Niobium Single Crystals by H.V.E.M.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
F. H. Louchet ◽  
L. P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Slip System ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Axis ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Source Operation

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

CHLORIDE AND SULFATE EXCHANGE IN SHORT-TERM, LOW TEMPERATURE BRINE + JAROSITE EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla M. Miller ◽  
◽  
Andrew S. Elwood Madden ◽  
Janice L. Bishop ◽  
Charity Phillips-Lander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Sliding wear of medium-carbon bainitic/martensitic/austenitic steel treated by short-term low-temperature austempering

Wear ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 203732
Author(s):  
Quanshun Luo ◽  
Jianbin Li ◽  
Qintai Yan ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Yubi Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Medium Carbon

A review of solar-driven short-term low temperature heat storage systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 110824
Author(s):  
Yongliang Shen ◽  
Shuli Liu ◽  
Abdur Rehman Mazhar ◽  
Xiaojing Han ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Heat

scholarly journals Robotic and laparoscopic liver surgery for colorectal liver metastases: an experience from a German Academic Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirhasan Rahimli ◽  
Aristotelis Perrakis ◽  
Vera Schellerer ◽  
Andrew Gumbs ◽  
Eric Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery ◽  
Previous Abdominal Surgery

Abstract Background Minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is increasing in incidence. The aim of this work was to present our experience by reporting short-term and long-term outcomes after MILS for CRLM with comparative analysis of laparoscopic (LLS) and robotic liver surgery (RLS). Methods Twenty-five patients with CRLM, who underwent MILS between May 2012 and March 2020, were selected from our retrospective registry of minimally invasive liver surgery (MD-MILS). Thirteen of these patients underwent LLS and 12 RLS. Short-term and long-term outcomes of both groups were analyzed. Results Operating time was significantly longer in the RLS vs. the LLS group (342.0 vs. 200.0 min; p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the laparoscopic vs. the robotic group regarding length of postoperative stay (8.8 days), measured blood loss (430.4 ml), intraoperative blood transfusion, overall morbidity (20.0%), and liver surgery related morbidity (4%). The mean BMI was 27.3 (range from 19.2 to 44.8) kg/m2. The 30-day mortality was 0%. R0 resection was achieved in all patients (100.0%) in RLS vs. 10 patients (76.9%) in LLS. Major resections were carried out in 32.0% of the cases, and 84.0% of the patients showed intra-abdominal adhesions due to previous abdominal surgery. In 24.0% of cases, the tumor was bilobar, the maximum number of tumors removed was 9, and the largest tumor was 8.5 cm in diameter. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 84, 56.9, and 48.7%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year overall recurrence-free survival rates were 49.6 and 36.2%, respectively, without significant differences between RLS vs. LLS. Conclusion Minimally invasive liver surgery for CRLM is safe and feasible. Minimally invasive resection of multiple lesions and large tumors is also possible. RLS may help to achieve higher rates of R0 resections. High BMI, previous abdominal surgery, and bilobar tumors are not a barrier for MILS. Laparoscopic and robotic liver resections for CRLM provide similar long-term results which are comparable to open techniques.

FEC-LiTFSI-Pyr1ATFSI Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Improve Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Zhang ◽  
Zhen Feng Wang ◽  
Cui Hua Li ◽  
Jian Hong Liu ◽  
Qian Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Fluoroethylene Carbonate

N-methyl-N-allylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR1ATFSI) with substantial supercooling behavior is synthesized to develop low temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in LiTFSI/PYR1ATFSI/EC/PC/EMC is found that it can reduce the freezing point. LiFePO4/Li coin cells with the FEC-PYR1ATFSI electrolyte exhibit good capacity retention, reversible cycling behavior at low temperatures. The good performance can be attributed to the decrease in the freezing point and the polarization of the composite electrolyte.

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