The Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas of Macropodid Marsupials: a Comparison With Eutherian Species.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW White ◽  
CJF Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The islets of Langerhans were studied in the pancreas of the red kangaroo, grey kangaroo and euro, and compared with those of the brush-tailed possum and of various eutherian species. The mean (� SE) percentages of insulin-producing (B) cells in the islets of the species studied were: red kangaroo, 8.1kO.58; grey kangaroo, l5.9 � 0.74; euro, 9.9 � 0.82; possum, 52.7 � 0.84; sheep, 12.5 � 1.16; cattle, 74.6 � 0.58; rabbit 76.9 � 0.83; rat, 66.9 � 0.43. The low proportions of B cells in the islets of the kangaroos and sheep were accompanied by high proportions of glucagon-producing cells and agranular cells. The size of the islets, estimated from the number of cells per islet, was smallest in the sheep and largest in cattle (23.5 � 1.27 and 66.3 � 4.75 cells per islet respectively). However, the total number of islet cells per unit area of pancreas was significantly different only between euros (432 � 28.8) and cattle (848 � 100.7). Significant, negative correlations were found between pancreas weight as a percentage of live body weight and live body weight in the three species of kangaroo. The data for all species subscribed to the hypothesis that, in mammals, as body size increase the relative mass of the pancreas decreases.

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Pancreas Weight

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

Further Observations on the Plants Eaten by Kangaroos and Sheep Grazing Together in a Paddock in South-Western Queensland

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Griffiths ◽  
R Barker ◽  
L Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Species Difference ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

In 8 periods between February 1967 and June 1968, covering a severe drought and subsequent rain, samples of 66 species of dicotyledons and 50 species of monocotyledons were collected from a large paddock in semiarid 'mulga-box' country in south-western Queensland. The mean N content of the dicotyledons ranged from 1.51 to 2.85 g/100 g DM, and that of the monocotyledons from 0.70 to 1.86 g/100 g DM.Stomach or faecal samples were analysed for plant parts. When known plant mixtures were given to 2 grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and two sheep there was no species difference in the digestibility of the different plants or in the size distribution of faecal particles. Comparison of stomach and rectal samples from 5 shot kangaroos and 7 shot sheep showed quite good agreement. Samples of the faeces of sheep, grey kangaroo and a few red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) were collected from the ground at the same intervals as the plant samples, dried and analysed for N and for plant parts. Detailed results are given. The grey kangaroos consistently ate more grasses than the sheep. The N content of sheep faeces was higher than that of kangaroo faeces, reflecting the higher protein intake of the sheep. The results confirm those of an earlier study (NAR 38, 1829) made in 1963–4 in a period of average rainfall. The authors conclude that competition between sheep and kangaroos is small.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND THE PANCREAS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Intact Rats

When sufficiently large amounts of desiccated thyroid gland were administered to intact or hypophysectomized rats there was an increase in the weight of the pancreas, weight of the islets of Langerhans, and islet weight per unit of body weight. In intact rats the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was not significantly altered, but in hypophysectomized animals the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was reduced because of the large increase in pancreas weight. The great reduction in pancreas weight occasioned by hypophysectomy was to a large extent prevented by the administration of desiccated thyroid gland.

scholarly journals T cells are present in non-diabetic islets and accumulate during aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. Denroche ◽  
Stéphanie Miard ◽  
Sandrine Sallé-Lefort ◽  
Frédéric Picard ◽  
C. Bruce Verchere
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe resident immune population of pancreatic islets has roles in islet development, beta cell physiology, and the pathology of diabetes. These roles have largely been attributed to islet macrophages, comprising 90% of islet immune cells (in the absence of islet autoimmunity), and, in the case of type 1 diabetes, to infiltrating autoreactive T cells. In adipose, tissue-resident and recruited T and B cells have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance during diet-induced obesity and aging, but whether this is paralleled in the pancreatic islets is not known. Here, we investigated the non-macrophage component of resident islet immune cells in islets isolated from C57BL/6J male mice during aging (3 to 24 months of age) and following diet-induced obesity (12 weeks 60% high fat diet). Immune cells were also examined by flow cytometry in cadaveric non-diabetic human islets.ResultsImmune cells comprised 2.7 ± 1.3% of total islet cells in non-diabetic mouse islets, and 2.3 ± 1.7% of total islet cells in non-diabetic human islets. In 3-month old mice on standard diet, B and T cells each comprised approximately 2-4% of the total islet immune cell compartment, and approximately 0.1% of total islet cells. A similar amount of T cells were present in non-diabetic human islets. Islet T cells were comprised of CD8-positive, CD4-positive, and regulatory T cells. Interestingly, while islet B cells and macrophage numbers were unaltered by age, the number of islet T cells increased linearly (R2=0.9902) with age from 0.10 ± 0.05% (3 months) to 0.38 ±0.11% (24 months) of islet cells. This increase was uncoupled from body weight, and was not phenocopied by a degree similar weight gain induced by high fat diet in mice.ConclusionsThis study reveals that T cells are a part of the normal islet immune population in mouse and human islets, and that they accumulate in islets during aging in a body weight-independent manner. Though comprising only a small subset of the immune cells within islets, islet T cells may play a role in the physiology of islet aging.

EFFECTS OF LITHIUM-CHLORIDE ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN GUINEA-PIGS

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Petersson ◽  
Baron Shopsin
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cells

ABSTRACT Daily lithium-chloride injections were given for about one month to guinea-pigs. Caryometric analyses of the nuclear size in the pancreatic islet cells revealed a marked increase in the nuclear size in the A1-cells, while there were no changes in the A2- and B-cells.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND THE PANCREAS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Intact Rats

When sufficiently large amounts of desiccated thyroid gland were administered to intact or hypophysectomized rats there was an increase in the weight of the pancreas, weight of the islets of Langerhans, and islet weight per unit of body weight. In intact rats the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was not significantly altered, but in hypophysectomized animals the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was reduced because of the large increase in pancreas weight. The great reduction in pancreas weight occasioned by hypophysectomy was to a large extent prevented by the administration of desiccated thyroid gland.

HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE, ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE AND AMYLO PHOSPHORYLASE IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF NORMAL AND OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hellman ◽  
Claes Hellerström
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Hereditary Obesity

ABSTRACT Histochemical methods for the detection of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and amylo phosphorylase were applied to the islets of Langerhans in mice with hereditary obesity and hyperglycaemia (AO-mice) and in their lean litter mates (AN-mice). While the G-6-Pase activity was high in the hyperactive B cells of the AO-mice, it was only moderate in the AN-mice. In both types of mice ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes were observed in the islet capillaries and periinsular connective tissue, while the reaction in the islet cells was negative. From a study of the substrate specificity it was found that the enzyme activity was not dependent on specific ATPase, but probably mainly on less specific polyphosphatases. The reaction for amylo phosphorylase was negative in the islets of both the AN- and the AO-mice. The high G-6-Pase activity in the islets of the AO-mice is discussed in the light of the hypothesis that the activity of this enzyme represents an essential controlling factor in the insulin output of the B-cells.

A preliminary investigation on the effects of parasitism of domestic ducklings by Theromyzon rude (Hirudinoidea: Glossiphoniidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Davies ◽  
Josef Wilkialis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
The Mean

Domestic ducklings (499–580 g) were parasitized experimentally with the temporary ectoparasitic blood sucking leech Theromyzon rude (Baird, 1869) (Glossiphoniidae). Compared with the unparasitized control group of ducklings, the parasitized ducklings showed significant differences in live body weight, and the mean weights of the thymi, spleen, and liver. Histopathologically the only evidence of the parasitism was congestion of the vessels of the lamina propria and erythrocytes in the lumen; microscopically no ulceration or inflammation of the mucosa of the nares was visible. An antigenic reaction against T. rude was also detected.

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Pancreas Weight

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
K K Hadiya ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
D V Chaudhari ◽  
P M Lunagariya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
The Mean

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.

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