Further Observations on the Plants Eaten by Kangaroos and Sheep Grazing Together in a Paddock in South-Western Queensland

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Griffiths ◽  
R Barker ◽  
L Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Species Difference ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

In 8 periods between February 1967 and June 1968, covering a severe drought and subsequent rain, samples of 66 species of dicotyledons and 50 species of monocotyledons were collected from a large paddock in semiarid 'mulga-box' country in south-western Queensland. The mean N content of the dicotyledons ranged from 1.51 to 2.85 g/100 g DM, and that of the monocotyledons from 0.70 to 1.86 g/100 g DM.Stomach or faecal samples were analysed for plant parts. When known plant mixtures were given to 2 grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and two sheep there was no species difference in the digestibility of the different plants or in the size distribution of faecal particles. Comparison of stomach and rectal samples from 5 shot kangaroos and 7 shot sheep showed quite good agreement. Samples of the faeces of sheep, grey kangaroo and a few red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) were collected from the ground at the same intervals as the plant samples, dried and analysed for N and for plant parts. Detailed results are given. The grey kangaroos consistently ate more grasses than the sheep. The N content of sheep faeces was higher than that of kangaroo faeces, reflecting the higher protein intake of the sheep. The results confirm those of an earlier study (NAR 38, 1829) made in 1963–4 in a period of average rainfall. The authors conclude that competition between sheep and kangaroos is small.

The dispersion of matter in turbulent flow through a pipe

1954 ◽  
Vol 223 (1155) ◽  
pp. 446-468 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coefficient Of Diffusion ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

The dispersion of soluble matter introduced into a slow stream of solvent in a capillary tube can be described by means of a virtual coefficient of diffusion (Taylor 1953 a ) which represents the combined action of variation of velocity over the cross-section of the tube and molecluar diffusion in a radial direction. The analogous problem of dispersion in turbulent flow can be solved in the same way. In that case the virtual coefficient of diffusion K is found to be 10∙1 av * or K = 7∙14 aU √ γ . Here a is the radius of the pipe, U is the mean flow velocity, γ is the resistance coefficient and v * ‘friction velocity’. Experiments are described in which brine was injected into a straight 3/8 in. pipe and the conductivity recorded at a point downstream. The theoretical prediction was verified with both smooth and very rough pipes. A small amount of curvature was found to increase the dispersion greatly. When a fluid is forced into a pipe already full of another fluid with which it can mix, the interface spreads through a length S as it passes down the pipe. When the interface has moved through a distance X , theory leads to the formula S 2 = 437 aX ( v * / U ). Good agreement is found when this prediction is compared with experiments made in long pipe lines in America.

scholarly journals ANTS ALTER INSECTICIDE EFFICACY ON APHIDS IN THE YARD-LONG BEAN AGROECOSYSTEM ?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
F.X. Susilo ◽  
Dewi Rosmawati ◽  
Nur Yasin
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
The West ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Ants Alter Insecticide Efficacy on Aphids in the Yard-Long Bean Agroecosystem? This study was aimed to detect the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants and to show whether ants could alter insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. A survey was conducted in  the yard-long bean agroecosystems that have been frequently attacked by aphids and for years treated with imidacloprid insecticide (in Mulyosari Village, intensive sample) versus those barely treated in Ganjar Agung Village (non-intensive sample), both in the West Metro municipal area, Lampung. Two sampling occasions were made (in March and November 2005) where 35 plant parts (i.e. 35 flowers and 35 pods) per sample were randomly observed to record the number of Aphis sp. and ants. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment was determined by comparing the mean number of aphids or ants from intensive versus non intensive samples using a t-test at the 0.05 level. The relationships between ant and aphid numbers were determined by calculating their coefficients of correlation and testing them using a t-test at the 0.01 or 0.05 level. The study showed that the long-term application of the insecticide imidacloprid in the yard-long bean agroecosystem 1) might strengthen the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants (especially Solenopsis sp., Camponotus sp. and Paratopula sp.) and 2) was not effective to suppress  Aphis sp. number. Stronger Aphis sp. — ant symbiotic relationship might alter the insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. in the agroecosystem.

scholarly journals Phenol Coefficient Test Combination Infusion of Cananga odorata – Averrhoa bilimbi L. Against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Lia Yulia Budiarti ◽  
Erida Wydiamala ◽  
Najiya Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cananga Odorata ◽  
Made In

Cananga odorata (kenanga) flowers and Averrhoa bilimbi L. (belimbing wuluh) fruit are plant parts that contain relatively the same antibacterial compounds, namely flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Both of these plants can be developed as an alternative natural antiseptic preparation, which is made in the form of a combination infusion. The effectiveness of an antiseptic preparation is measured by the coefficient value of the phenol antiseptic substance compared to 5% phenol against several standard test bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the combination infusion of Cananga odorata flower - Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430 based on the in vitro phenol coefficient test. The phenol coefficient test method was carried out conventionally. The coefficient value close to 1 can be said that the antiseptic preparation has good activity and is equivalent to the phenol coefficient value as a comparison. The results showed that the mean coefficient of the phenol coefficient of the combination infusion of Cananga odorata flower - Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit was 0.91 against S. aureus and 0.83 against S. typhi. The conclusion of this study, the antibacterial activity of the combination infusion of Cananga odorata flower - Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit against Staphylococcus aureus obtained a higher phenol coefficient value than Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals Interferometric measurements in the spectrum of the iron arc in air in the region λ 3100 — λ 3500

1931 ◽  
Vol 133 (822) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

In a previous paper I gave the results of a set of wave-length measurements in the spectrum of the iron arc in the region λ 2300 to λ 3100. These measurements were carried out because it was found that previous measurements in this region were all rather unsatisfactory and gave results considerably higher than those calculated from levels determined from the wave-lengths recommended by the International Astronomical Union in 1928. My results confirm the values calculated from the I. A. U. Standards very satisfactorily, and also agree very well with the recent measurements of the vacuum arc by Burns and Walters. The apparatus was also used to measure a few lines in the visible part of the iron spectrum, and was shown to give results in excellent agreement with the values adopted by the I. A. U. in 1928. It was recommended by the I. A. U. that observations should be made in the region below λ 3400 for which there were no good modem measurements available. Accordingly the present work was undertaken to fill up the gap remaining and a set of 46 lines has been measured in the region λ 3100-λ 3500. The results are in very good agreement both with the I. A. U. calculated values and with the observed standards adopted by the I. A. U. in 1928, the mean systematic difference (J — I. A.) being only —0·0001 A. for 8 lines, while the mean accidental difference is ±0·0006 A. The agreement with the measurements of Babcock in the region λ 3370-λ 3500 is equally good, the mean systematic difference (J — B) being +0·0001 A. for eight lines, while the mean accidental difference is +0·0006 A.

The Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas of Macropodid Marsupials: a Comparison With Eutherian Species.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW White ◽  
CJF Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The islets of Langerhans were studied in the pancreas of the red kangaroo, grey kangaroo and euro, and compared with those of the brush-tailed possum and of various eutherian species. The mean (� SE) percentages of insulin-producing (B) cells in the islets of the species studied were: red kangaroo, 8.1kO.58; grey kangaroo, l5.9 � 0.74; euro, 9.9 � 0.82; possum, 52.7 � 0.84; sheep, 12.5 � 1.16; cattle, 74.6 � 0.58; rabbit 76.9 � 0.83; rat, 66.9 � 0.43. The low proportions of B cells in the islets of the kangaroos and sheep were accompanied by high proportions of glucagon-producing cells and agranular cells. The size of the islets, estimated from the number of cells per islet, was smallest in the sheep and largest in cattle (23.5 � 1.27 and 66.3 � 4.75 cells per islet respectively). However, the total number of islet cells per unit area of pancreas was significantly different only between euros (432 � 28.8) and cattle (848 � 100.7). Significant, negative correlations were found between pancreas weight as a percentage of live body weight and live body weight in the three species of kangaroo. The data for all species subscribed to the hypothesis that, in mammals, as body size increase the relative mass of the pancreas decreases.

scholarly journals Non-Intrusive Thermometry in Liquid Kerosene Fuelled Combustor Sector Rigs Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) and Comparison With CFD Temperature Predictions

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Black ◽  
H. T. Brocklehurst ◽  
C. H. Priddin
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Central Plane ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Made In

Spatially and temporally resolved gas temperature measurements have been made in two aeroengine combustor sector rigs burning standard kerosene (Avtur) fuel. Temperature PDFs have been obtained from a triple-sector double annular combustor rig running at simulated ground idle conditions, showing features of flow mixing within the burning rig. Some of the mean temperatures have been compared with measurements from a sapphire rod (blackbody cavity) probe. Mean temperatures and temperature PDFs measured by CARS in the central plane of a single-sector single annular combustor rig running at atmospheric pressure have been compared with CFD predictions using the Rolls-Royce PACE code. Reasonably good agreement on both mean temperature distribution and temperature spread in the PDFs was obtained.

scholarly journals A novel approach for nitrogen diagnosis of wheat canopies digital images by mobile phones based on histogram

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qi ◽  
Yanan Zhao ◽  
Yufang Huang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
N Content ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

AbstractThe accurate and nondestructive assessment of leaf nitrogen (N) is very important for N management in winter wheat fields. Mobile phones are now being used as an additional N diagnostic tool. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional digital camera diagnostic methods, a histogram-based method was proposed and compared with the traditional methods. Here, the field N level of six different wheat cultivars was assessed to obtain canopy images, leaf N content, and yield. The stability and accuracy of the index histogram and index mean value of the canopy images in different wheat cultivars were compared based on their correlation with leaf N and yield, following which the best diagnosis and prediction model was selected using the neural network model. The results showed that N application significantly affected the leaf N content and yield of wheat, as well as the hue of the canopy images and plant coverage. Compared with the mean value of the canopy image color parameters, the histogram could reflect both the crop coverage and the overall color information. The histogram thus had a high linear correlation with leaf N content and yield and a relatively stable correlation across different growth stages. Peak b of the histogram changed with the increase in leaf N content during the reviving stage of wheat. The histogram of the canopy image color parameters had a good correlation with leaf N content and yield. Through the neural network training and estimation model, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimated and measured values of leaf N content and yield were smaller for the index histogram (0.465, 9.65%, and 465.12, 5.5% respectively) than the index mean value of the canopy images (0.526, 12.53% and 593.52, 7.83% respectively), suggesting a good fit for the index histogram image color and robustness in estimating N content and yield. Hence, the use of the histogram model with a smartphone has great potential application in N diagnosis and prediction for wheat and other cereal crops.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

Coronary Care in a General Hospital

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Shaw ◽  
Bernard Groden ◽  
Evelyn Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coronary Care ◽  
Made In

The establishment, staffing and structure and observations made in the first year of the existence of coronary care in an intensive care unit in a general hospital are recorded. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were admitted during the year in whom the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was confirmed. There were 29 deaths in the unit and 14 deaths occurred in the wards of the hospital after discharge from the unit. 49.1 per cent of the patients were admitted within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms and the mean duration of stay in the unit was 86.5 hours. The type of arrhythmia detected in the unit, and the treatment given to the patients both before and after admission to the intensive care unit are described.

SURGICAL PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING: CARPAL TUNNEL DECOMPRESSION — A MODEL

Hand Surgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Casaletto ◽  
V. Rajaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Original Process ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
New Process ◽  
Common Operation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Made In

Surgical process re-engineering is a methodology where the entire surgical process is systematically analysed and re-designed. The process starts with mapping of the current process followed by in-depth analysis of the existing process. A new process is drafted with the aim of making the whole procedure more efficient. The new process is then discussed with all the staff involved in the operating room. Following implementation of the process, surgical process re-engineering should ideally be routinely carried out to continuously improve the procedure. We present an example of surgical process re-engineering which we carried out on the procedure of carpal tunnel release. We used carpal tunnel release as a model as it is a very common operation, with predictable intra-operative findings, and the patient is likely to benefit directly from procedure time reduction. A preliminary mapping of three procedures was done followed by a detailed timed mapping of five routine carpal tunnel decompression procedures. The mapped process was analysed in detail and a number of changes were made in the process. After implementing the new process, a further five procedures were mapped and timed again. In comparison to the original process, we achieved a reduction of 20% in the mean procedure time and a reduction of 42% in the number of steps from 66 to 37.

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