Differential mortatlity of Antechinus stuartii (Macleay) : nitrogen balance and somatic changes

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Woollard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

The female marsupial mouse, A. stuartii, is able to live and breed for up to three times as long as the male. At the end of the mating period, at about 11.5 months of age, all male Antechinus become reproductively senescent and, in the field, die. In the laboratory death after the breeding season is not inevitable. Postreproductive males were found to be in poor condition (decreased body weight and some loss of fur), lethargic, polyphagous, and in markedly negative nitrogen balance: females of the same age showed none of these changes.

Reproduction in Dasykaluta-Rosamondae (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) - Field and Laboratory Observations

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Reproductive Senescence ◽  
Age Class

Observations on reproduction in both wild-caught and laboratory-maintained Dasykaluta rosamondae have led to the conclusion that this species is one of 10 dasyurid marsupials in which males die soon after their first mating period. D. rosamondae have a short annual breeding season. The females are monoestrous, mating in September and bearing the young in November. Laboratory-reared young are weaned at an age of about 3 1/2-4 months, in February and March, and juveniles appear in the field population at this time. Both mates and females reach sexual maturity at an age of about 10 months. In the laboratory, males breed in only one season, after which those that survive become reproductively senile. Mature males disappear from the field population about the time the young are born; those collected shortly before this show signs of reproductive senescence. Males collected in the months after the young are weaned represent a single age-class; their reproductive development parallels that of maturing known-age males. Females are capable of breeding in at least two seasons and litters of up to eight are reared. Development of the pouch young is described. Unusual interstitial tissue masses develop in the ovaries of D. rosamondae; the granulosa cells of some follicles undergo transformation to interstitial cells, and the oocytes in these follicles degenerate, shortly before the females enter oestrus.

Extracted herbage leaf protein for poultry feeding III. The digestibility of the residual product resulting from the extraction of herbage leaf protein

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pearson Hughes ◽  
Dudley E. Eyles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Poultry Feeding ◽  
Residual Product

1. A digestibility trial is described using sheep fed on the product remaining after herbage leaf-protein extraction.2. The material gave an analysis of 25.7% dry matter, 16.2% crude protein, 0.26% phosphorus, 1.26% potassium and 1.13% calcium.3. The animals showed no loss in body weight during the feeding period.4. The material was of low palatability, and the sheep consumed a maximum of 2½ lb. of dry matter per head daily.5. The average digestibility coefficient of the dry matter was 52.1% and that of the crude protein 67.6%.6. Nitrogen balance determinations indicated a sufficiency of protein in the feed.7. The material barely supplied sufficient potassium and was inadequate in its supply of phosphorus and calcium.

A study on the effect of frequency of urea ingestion on the utilization of low quality roughage by steers

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romero ◽  
BD Siebert ◽  
RM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Steers were fed a low quality roughage supplemented with 50 g urea day-1 administered at different frequencies. The effect of the different treatments was measured in terms of intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and changes of some rumen fermentation measures in two different but complementary experiments. Utilization of the roughage was enhanced as the frequency of ingestion of urea increased. Organic matter digestibility was unaffected but voluntary intake was stimulated by all urea treatments. There was negative nitrogen balance in control animals but all treated were in positive nitrogen balance. However, the greatest retention was produced when urea was sprayed onto the ration. Possible reasons for the better utilization of urea as the frequency of ingestion spreads over the day are suggested by the results observed in the fermentation measures considered.

Negative nitrogen balance in cirrhotics

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Franco Fiaccadori ◽  
Florio Ghinelli ◽  
Giovanni Pedretti ◽  
Guido Pelosi ◽  
Daria Sacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance

scholarly journals Distiller’s dried grains with solubles (Zea mays L.) in feeding sheep on nitrogen balance

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3807
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽  
Ilda De Souza Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with 0.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 24.0% distiller’s dried grain solubles (DDGS) on nitrogen (N) intake, fecal and urinary N excretion, and N absorption and retention (N balance, NB) by feeding sheep. Four sheep of unidentified race were used, with an average body weight of 23.5 ± 1.5 kg, and housed in metabolism cages. We used a 4 × 4 Latin square design for the experimental design, and each experimental period lasted for 20 days. Data on N intake (NI), fecal N, urinary N, absorbed N, and NB were expressed in g day-1; percentage of NI and grams per kilogram of metabolic weight g (kg0.75)-1 were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis at 5% probability. Inclusion of the different concentrations of DDGS in sheep diets had no effect on NI (mean of 15.11 g animal-1 day-1), nor on fecal and urinary N excretion (mean of 5.16 and 0.16 g animal-1 day-1, respectively). Moreover, DDGS supplementation did not alter NB or N absorption (mean of 9.79 and 9.95 g animal-1 day-1, respectively). Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of up to 24% of DDGS in feed does not affect NI, fecal and urinary N excretion, and NB in sheep.

PROTEIN STORAGE OF PIGS IN THE ABSENCE OF BODY WEIGHT GAIN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Protein Storage ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Maximum Retention

Five- to six-month-old pigs were maintained at constant weight for 6-week periods on rations containing 16, 26 and 33 per cent protein. Results of 72 7-day nitrogen balance trials showed that pigs could retain up to 6.5 grams of nitrogen per day for 6 weeks. Highest nitrogen retention was obtained on the 26 and 33 per cent protein rations with little difference between the maximum retention figures at either level. A preliminary carbon-nitrogen balance indicated that there was little change in the fat stores of the pigs.

Further studies on the prediction of the nutritive value of protein for ruminants

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
H. Elsayed Osman ◽  
B. A. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Desert Grasses

SummarySix successive trials with three adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) were conducted with the main object of finding a suitable index for the prediction of the nutritive value of protein in non-legumes for ruminants.The mean change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and ruminal V. F. A. 3 h after feeding legumes was considerably greater than after feeding the nonleguminous hays. Among the legumes berseem hay gave the least change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and V. E. A. The leguminous hays produced more gas underin vitroconditions than the non-legumes. Berseem hay produced the greatest volume of gas. Butterfly pea hay and lubia hay gave more or less similar results. Among the non-legumes the desert grasses gave the lowest values.Of all the feeds studied maize hay gave the highest nitrogen retention, followed by berseem hay. Despite this superiority of maize hay, the overall mean nitrogen retention of legumes was much greater than that of the non-legumes. Among the non-legumes dry desert grasses displayed a negative nitrogen balance.Regression equations based on the present data indicated that nitrogen retention only of leguminous hays could be always predicted from changes in blood urea concentrations. The present results also showed that the nitrogen retention of non-legumes and to a lesser extent that of all feeds taken together (i. e. legumes and non-legumes) can be assessed by using volume of gas producedin vitro(i. e. rate ofin vitrofermentation).

The effect of melatonin implants on breeding activity and litter size in commercial sheep flocks in the UK

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haresign ◽  
A. R. Peters ◽  
L. D. Staples
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant

ABSTRACTTwo trials were undertaken to investigate the effects of treating seasonally anoestrous ewes with melatonin implants on date of first oestrus and other aspects of reproductive performance.Trial 1 involved a total of 368 Mule ewes and 79 Scottish Blackface ewes on five farms, approximately half of which were treated with a single subcutaneous implant of melatonin (Regulin®), containing 18 mg melatonin, between 23 July and 6 August 1986 and the remainder acted as untreated controls. Treatment had no significant effect on the date of first oestrus or conception rate in Mule ewes, although it increased the number of Scottish Blackface ewes mating (92% v. 73%) and the number of mated ewes conceiving (69% v. 54%) in a 5-week mating period, resulting in significantly more treated ewes lambing (63% v. 37%; P < 0·01). Litter size was higher in 4/5 flocks, although this only reached statistical significance in one Mule flock and the Scottish Blackface flock.A total of 2116 ewes from 17 commercial flocks were used in trial 2, approximately half of which were Suffolk/Suffolk-cross ewes and the remainder Mule/Mule-cross ewes. Implantation with melatonin occurred between 22 June and 24 July 1987. Flocks with over 100 ewes were divided into three equal-sized groups and treated with either 18 mg melatonin (one implant of Regulin, 36 mg melatonin (two implants of Regulin given at the same time) or acted as untreated controls. Flocks with less than 100 ewes contained only the 18 mg melatonin and untreated control groups. Treatment with melatonin significantly advanced the date of first oestrus in most flocks of both breeds (P < 0·05) but the magnitude of this effect was variable. Significant (P < 0·05 at least) increases in ‘potential’ (from scanning) mean litter size (+0·13 to +0·18) and actual mean litter size (+0·11 to +0·14) resulting from treatment with melatonin were apparent in ewes of both breeds when the data were pooled across all flocks, but only in 4/17 of the individual flocks.These results indicate that treatment with melatonin implants may be a simple and effective way of advancing the breeding season and enhancing litter size of early lambing flocks under commercial farming conditions in the United Kingdom, but treatment must be given >60 days before the start of the natural breeding season for benefits in date of first oestrus to be manifest.

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