Negative nitrogen balance in cirrhotics

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Franco Fiaccadori ◽  
Florio Ghinelli ◽  
Giovanni Pedretti ◽  
Guido Pelosi ◽  
Daria Sacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance

A study on the effect of frequency of urea ingestion on the utilization of low quality roughage by steers

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romero ◽  
BD Siebert ◽  
RM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Steers were fed a low quality roughage supplemented with 50 g urea day-1 administered at different frequencies. The effect of the different treatments was measured in terms of intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and changes of some rumen fermentation measures in two different but complementary experiments. Utilization of the roughage was enhanced as the frequency of ingestion of urea increased. Organic matter digestibility was unaffected but voluntary intake was stimulated by all urea treatments. There was negative nitrogen balance in control animals but all treated were in positive nitrogen balance. However, the greatest retention was produced when urea was sprayed onto the ration. Possible reasons for the better utilization of urea as the frequency of ingestion spreads over the day are suggested by the results observed in the fermentation measures considered.

Further studies on the prediction of the nutritive value of protein for ruminants

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
H. Elsayed Osman ◽  
B. A. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Desert Grasses

SummarySix successive trials with three adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) were conducted with the main object of finding a suitable index for the prediction of the nutritive value of protein in non-legumes for ruminants.The mean change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and ruminal V. F. A. 3 h after feeding legumes was considerably greater than after feeding the nonleguminous hays. Among the legumes berseem hay gave the least change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and V. E. A. The leguminous hays produced more gas underin vitroconditions than the non-legumes. Berseem hay produced the greatest volume of gas. Butterfly pea hay and lubia hay gave more or less similar results. Among the non-legumes the desert grasses gave the lowest values.Of all the feeds studied maize hay gave the highest nitrogen retention, followed by berseem hay. Despite this superiority of maize hay, the overall mean nitrogen retention of legumes was much greater than that of the non-legumes. Among the non-legumes dry desert grasses displayed a negative nitrogen balance.Regression equations based on the present data indicated that nitrogen retention only of leguminous hays could be always predicted from changes in blood urea concentrations. The present results also showed that the nitrogen retention of non-legumes and to a lesser extent that of all feeds taken together (i. e. legumes and non-legumes) can be assessed by using volume of gas producedin vitro(i. e. rate ofin vitrofermentation).

Insulin responsiveness of protein metabolism in vivo following bedrest in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. E548-E558 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Shangraw ◽  
C. A. Stuart ◽  
M. J. Prince ◽  
E. J. Peters ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Leucine Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Dose Dependent

To test the influence of bedrest on insulin regulation of leucine metabolism, six normal young men were subjected to a five-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before and after 7 days of strict bedrest. A primed-constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine at 0.12 +/- 0.02 mumol.kg-1.min-1 was used. Before bedrest, the basal rate of appearance (Ra) of intracellular leucine and leucine oxidation were 2.79 +/- 0.17 and 0.613 +/- 0.070 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively. Insulin caused a dose-dependent reduction of the intracellular leucine Ra and leucine oxidation to a minimum of 1.64 +/- 0.08 and 0.322 +/- 0.039 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively, in nonbedrested subjects (P less than 0.001). Insulin also caused a dose-dependent reduction of plasma leucine concentration from 95 +/- 4 to 38 +/- 2 mumol/l (P less than 0.001). After bedrest, subjects exhibited decreased glucose tolerance and increased endogenous insulin secretion, but basal and insulin-suppressed intracellular leucine Ra and leucine oxidation rates were not different from control. Magnetic resonance imaging of the back and lower extremities revealed a 1-4% decrease in muscle volume and a 2-5% increase in fat volume secondary to bedrest. Bedrest also resulted in a negative nitrogen balance as compared with the control period, with an average cumulative loss of 6.3 g of nitrogen after 6 days. Urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine excretion was unchanged by bed rest. Thus because negative nitrogen balance and skeletal muscle atrophy occurred in six rested subjects in the absence of changes in the two indices of protein breakdown used in this study (3-methyl-L-histidine release and leucine release), it seems likely that muscle protein synthesis was inhibited.

Negative Nitrogen Balance

2012 ◽  
pp. 1518-1518
Author(s):  
Neesh Pannu ◽  
Xiaoyan Wen ◽  
John A. Kellum ◽  
John Fildes ◽  
N. Al-Subaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance

The Use and Abuse of Parenteral Nutrition

1977 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
J. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Balance Recovery ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

AbstractSevere illness often leads to catabolism of protein. When associated with inadequate nutrition, this leads to negative nitrogen balance. Recovery is hastened if this is prevented. This can be achieved by the careful, planned and calculated administration of intravenous aminoacids, carbohydrate and fat.

Differential mortatlity of Antechinus stuartii (Macleay) : nitrogen balance and somatic changes

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Woollard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

The female marsupial mouse, A. stuartii, is able to live and breed for up to three times as long as the male. At the end of the mating period, at about 11.5 months of age, all male Antechinus become reproductively senescent and, in the field, die. In the laboratory death after the breeding season is not inevitable. Postreproductive males were found to be in poor condition (decreased body weight and some loss of fur), lethargic, polyphagous, and in markedly negative nitrogen balance: females of the same age showed none of these changes.

scholarly journals PROTEIN METABOLISM AND EXCHANGE AS INFLUENCED BY CONSTRICTION OF THE VENA CAVA

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. McKee ◽  
Robert E. Hyatt ◽  
William G. Wilt ◽  
Garson H. Tishkoff ◽  
George H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Fluid Production

Further studies of ascitic fluid production and related factors in dogs with constriction of the vena cava above the diaphragm are reported. Whole dog plasma given intravenously to such animals produces a rise in circulating plasma protein to normal levels, but increases the output of ascitic fluid with a loss of protein via the ascites equivalent to 72, 76, and 65 per cent respectively, of the injected protein. Forced ingestion of water in excess of the test animal's normal needs and desires produces no significant changes in the circulating plasma protein level or in ascitic fluid production. Amino acid growth mixtures given intravenously in distilled water cause weight loss, elevation of circulating plasma proteins, a slightly negative nitrogen balance, but no ascitic fluid production. Amino acid growth mixtures given intravenously in normal saline cause depression of the circulating plasma proteins, negative nitrogen balance, and significant ascitic fluid production. Ascitic fluid given intravenously to the test animals causes a marked depression of circulating plasma proteins, a marked increase in ascitic fluid production containing the equivalent of 116 and 98 per cent of the injected protein, and a negative nitrogen balance. Ascitic fluid given orally produces a marked depression of circulating plasma proteins, and a marked increase in ascitic fluid secretion, containing the equivalent of 66, 66, and 54 per cent respectively, of the ingested protein. Sodium chloride is a dominant factor in some of these experiments where abundant ascites production is recorded. Protein levels and intake are important, but take second place to sodium. Ascitic fluids show electrophoretic patterns which are almost identical to the plasma patterns. The A/G ratios are often equal in ascitic fluid and plasma, sometimes even lower in the ascitic fluid. This emphasizes the ease with which globulins pass cell or other membrane barriers in these experiments.

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