scholarly journals Charged Particle Transport in Gaseous Nitrogen at Intermediate E/N using the Voltage Transient Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Purdie ◽  
J Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Voltage Transient ◽  
Charged Particle Transport ◽  
And Diffusion

A pulsed swarm of charged particles crossing an inter-electrode gap under the influence of an applied electric field E will produce a pulsed current in the external circuit which, when integrated over time, will result in a transient voltage pulse, the shape and magnitude of which is characteristic of the number and type of charged particles. This voltage transient technique has been used to investigate a gas discharge in nitrogen gas at values of EIN (the ratio of applied electric field to gas number density), such that ionisation is non-negligible. The voltage transients have been subjected to a theoretical analysis, which has previously been reported, which includes not only cathode and anode image terms but also both electron and ion diffusion terms. Electron transport parameters are reported for EIN ::; 350 Td (1 Td = 10-17 V cm2). Data are also obtained for the drift velocities and diffusion coefficients of the ions operative within the nitrogen discharge. An estimate is obtained for the collisional decay rate of Nt.

Falling Film and Spray Evaporation Enhancement Using an Applied Electric Field

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Darabi ◽  
M. M. Ohadi ◽  
S. V. Desiatoun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

The effect of an electric field on the falling-film evaporation of refrigerant R-134a on a vertical plate and three commercially available tubes was investigated experimentally. The plate test section was 25.4 mm wide and 76.2 mm long, and each tube test section was 19 mm in diameter and 140 mm long. Experiments were conducted in both falling film and spray evaporation modes. The effects of various parameters such as heat flux, refrigerant flow rate, electrode gap, and applied voltage were investigated. It was found that in the presence of an applied electric field, the maximum enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient for both falling film and spray evaporation modes on a plate was nearly the same. A maximum enhancement of fourfold in the heat transfer coefficient with the plate, 90 percent with the smooth tube, 110 percent with the Turbo BIII, and 30 percent with 19 fpi tube were obtained. The electrohydrodynamic power consumption in all cases was less than 0.12 percent of the total energy exchange rate in the test section. [S0022-1481(00)03003-6]

Magnetic Stirring During Electrolytic Thinning

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
J. Dash ◽  
R.W. Roeter ◽  
W.W. King
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Anode Layer ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Magnetic Stirring ◽  
Ionic Nature

The profile of an electrolytically-thinned metal foil is largely determined by the combined effects of electric and gravitational fields. Uniform thinning can be approached by making the applied electric field as uniform as possible and by utilizing some kind of stirring to counteract the variation in viscous anode layer thickness caused by gravity. Gas evolution at the sample may also play an important role in the process. Because of the ionic nature of electrolysis, it might be expected that applied magnetic fields of appreciable strength should produce significant changes in the process due to the Lorentz force on charged particles. Preliminary experiments have shown that this is the case. The net effect of these changes in the experiments thus far has been to enhance the uniformity of thinning.

Intelligent Gels

1999 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Osada ◽  
Jian Ping Gong ◽  
Tetsuharu Narita
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Alkyl Side Chain ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractWe reported an electro-driven chemomechanical hydrogel showing quick responses with worm-like motility. The principle of the motion is based on the molecular assembly reaction of cationic surfactant and negatively charged hydrogel. And direction of complexation accompanying gel contraction is controlled by changing the polarity of the applied electric field. Both thermodynamics and kinetics of surfactant binding and diffusion are investigated experimentally and theoretically. We also reported shape memory hydrogel by order-disorder transition of alkyl side chain, and some examples od friction of hydrogels showing that frictional behaviors of hydorgels do not conform to Amonton's law.

Influence of the Electrophoretic Motion of Particle Suspensions on the Bulk Electroosmotic Flow of Water Through Fused Silica Capillaries

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Young ◽  
D. Maynes ◽  
B. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Electroosmotic Flow ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Particle Type ◽  
Fused Silica Capillaries ◽  
Silica Capillaries ◽  
Positively Charged

The influence of microparticles on electroosmotic flow was investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted using four different particle types of varying chemical composition, surface charge and polarity. Each particle type was tested at five different volume fractions ranging from 0.001 – 0.025. With a constant applied electric field, positively charged particles enhanced the electroosmotic flow by as much as 800%. The enhancement depended on particle composition, size and concentration. For negatively charged particles, the bulk electroosmotic flow was retarded with the largest reductions being 35%.

scholarly journals Modulation of electrophoresis, electroosmosis and diffusion for electrical transport of proteins through a solid-state nanopore

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 24398-24409
Author(s):  
Jugal Saharia ◽  
Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. Bandara ◽  
Buddini I. Karawdeniya ◽  
Cassandra Hammond ◽  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
And Diffusion

Figure shows hSTf protein translocating through a solid-state nanopore under an applied electric field and the resulting current traces. The transport mechanism is determined by the interplay of electrophoretic and electroosmotic force.

Electric Field Direct Force in Electromigration Mechanism

1998 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Karpushin ◽  
A.N. Sorokin ◽  
M.R. Baklanov ◽  
K. Maex
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Diffusion Flux ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Electron Wind

AbstractThe direct influence of the applied electric field on ions of lattice, as a whole, was considered. This influence induces the strains and stresses and its gradients. In turn, this additional stresses may induce the vacancy (ion) diffusion flux. It is shown that this flux coincides in the direction and is comparable in magnitude with the electromigration flux induced by the electron wind.

scholarly journals Generalized Einstein Relation and Negative Differential Conductivity in Gases

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Robson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Negative Differential Conductivity ◽  
Differential Conductivity ◽  
Generalized Einstein Relation

Transport coefficients of charged particles undergoing both elastic and inelastic collisions with a gas of neutral molecules are calculated using momentum-transfer theory. A criterion is obtained for the phenomenon of negative differential conductivity (i.e. the drift velocity decreasing with applied electric field) and the well-known generalized Einstein relation is appropriately modified.

LIQUID CRYSTLASLIGHT SCATTERING BY FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD IN A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (APAPA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-63-C1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERTOLOTTI ◽  
B. DAINO ◽  
P. Di PORTO ◽  
F. SCUDIERI ◽  
D. SETTE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Applied Electric Field
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