Intelligent Gels

1999 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Osada ◽  
Jian Ping Gong ◽  
Tetsuharu Narita
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Alkyl Side Chain ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractWe reported an electro-driven chemomechanical hydrogel showing quick responses with worm-like motility. The principle of the motion is based on the molecular assembly reaction of cationic surfactant and negatively charged hydrogel. And direction of complexation accompanying gel contraction is controlled by changing the polarity of the applied electric field. Both thermodynamics and kinetics of surfactant binding and diffusion are investigated experimentally and theoretically. We also reported shape memory hydrogel by order-disorder transition of alkyl side chain, and some examples od friction of hydrogels showing that frictional behaviors of hydorgels do not conform to Amonton's law.

Electric Field Assisted DNA Surface Reactions on the Sub-ms Timescale

2008 ◽  
Vol 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cabeca ◽  
D. M.F. Prazeres ◽  
V. Chu ◽  
J. P. Conde
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Surface Reactions ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Sio2 Surface ◽  
Voltage Pulses ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe on-chip application of single, sub-ms voltage pulses promotes the immobilization of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes from a solution to a chemically functionalized SiO2 surface and as well as the hybridization between ssDNA targets from a solution to covalently immobilized ssDNA probes (E-assisted DNA reactions). Compared to diffusion-based surface reactions (in the absence of the applied electric field), an improvement of several orders of magnitude in the kinetics of the immobilization and hybridization reactions is observed with low amplitude (below 2 V) and short duration (100 ns to 1 ms) voltage pulses. E-assisted DNA reactions are demonstrated using mm-size macroelectrodes and then optimized using μm-size microelectrodes.

scholarly journals Electroadsorptive Removal of Gaseous Pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Pierpaoli ◽  
Gabriele Fava ◽  
Maria Ruello
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption ◽  
Electrohydrodynamic Force ◽  
Kinetics Of

Adsorption is a consequence of surface energy distribution, and the existence of electrostatic bonding suggests that the presence of an external electric field may affect adsorbate/adsorbent interactions. Nevertheless, this aspect has been poorly studied in the literature, except under non-thermal plasma or corona discharge conditions. After having demonstrated in our previous work that the adsorption kinetics of gaseous organic compounds can be enhanced by the presence of an external applied electric field, in this study, we focus on the influence of the electric field on adsorbent and adsorptive interactions. By using a commercially available activated carbon cloth, in addition to increasing the adsorbent mass transfer coefficient by virtue of the increasing intensity of the applied electric field, the results suggest that adsorbent morphology is only influenced by the formation of new surface functional groups. Moreover, enhanced adsorption kinetics and capacity may result from the electrohydrodynamic force induced by the movement of charged and neutral particles towards the adsorbent, as confirmed by the reversibility of the process. Such enhancement results in a negligible increase, of about 3%, in adsorption capacity (i.e., from 91 mmol m−2 Pa−1 for only adsorption to 94 mmol m−2 Pa−1 in the presence of the applied electric field), but also in a dramatic doubling of adsorption kinetics (i.e., from 0.09 min−1 for only adsorption to 0.19 min−1 in the presence of the applied electric field). In reality, the application of an electric field to an activated carbon cloth leads to faster adsorption kinetics, without substantially altering its adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Charged Particle Transport in Gaseous Nitrogen at Intermediate E/N using the Voltage Transient Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Purdie ◽  
J Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Voltage Transient ◽  
Charged Particle Transport ◽  
And Diffusion

A pulsed swarm of charged particles crossing an inter-electrode gap under the influence of an applied electric field E will produce a pulsed current in the external circuit which, when integrated over time, will result in a transient voltage pulse, the shape and magnitude of which is characteristic of the number and type of charged particles. This voltage transient technique has been used to investigate a gas discharge in nitrogen gas at values of EIN (the ratio of applied electric field to gas number density), such that ionisation is non-negligible. The voltage transients have been subjected to a theoretical analysis, which has previously been reported, which includes not only cathode and anode image terms but also both electron and ion diffusion terms. Electron transport parameters are reported for EIN ::; 350 Td (1 Td = 10-17 V cm2). Data are also obtained for the drift velocities and diffusion coefficients of the ions operative within the nitrogen discharge. An estimate is obtained for the collisional decay rate of Nt.

Significantly improved electromechanical performance of dielectric elastomers via alkyl side-chain engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 6834-6841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Mao ◽  
Tiefeng Li ◽  
Yingwu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Dielectric Elastomers ◽  
Alkyl Side Chain ◽  
Electromechanical Performance

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) can be deformed in response to an electric field.

scholarly journals Modulation of electrophoresis, electroosmosis and diffusion for electrical transport of proteins through a solid-state nanopore

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 24398-24409
Author(s):  
Jugal Saharia ◽  
Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. Bandara ◽  
Buddini I. Karawdeniya ◽  
Cassandra Hammond ◽  
George Alexandrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
And Diffusion

Figure shows hSTf protein translocating through a solid-state nanopore under an applied electric field and the resulting current traces. The transport mechanism is determined by the interplay of electrophoretic and electroosmotic force.

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