Some aspects of the ecology of Paratya australiensis (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Paratya Australiensis

Three Australian species of Paratya have been described. However, only one, P. australiensis, can be accepted. It occurs in Australia in a broad south-eastern arc, and in a wide variety of permanent inland waters (coastal streams, rivers, lakes, farm dams and ponds). In these it favours vegetated areas. Young hatch as free-floating larvae and hatching occurs mainly in early summer in southern Victoria. Females breed in their second summer. In south-eastern Australia, at least, this breeding season appears adapted to the hydrological regime of running waters.

Breeding of the Stubble Quail, Coturnix pectoralis, in South-Eastern Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
HJ Frith ◽  
SM Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
The One ◽  
Latitudinal Trend

The gonad cycle, breeding season, proportion of the population in primary moult and the relative amount of body fat were examined through the year in stubble quail at eight localities covering seven degrees of latitude and including several types of habitat and climate. There were significant effects of annual cycles and rainfall on each character at each location. In gonad size the seasonal cycle accounted for 39-71% of the variability in males and 21-41% in females according to locality. Effects of rainfall accounted for 5-18 % of the variability in males and 5-19% in females. There was a suggestion of a latitudinal trend in the date of the beginning of the annual gonad cycle. Breeding at all localities was in spring and early summer with a very frequent second peak of gonad size and breeding in late summer and autumn. The timing, the relative values of the spring and summer peaks and the success of the breeding varied from place to place and from year to year in the one locality. In some years breeding was continuous virtually throughout the year. Although in some regions the hunting season is appropriately timed, considering the biology of the birds, in others it is not as it overlaps the breeding season. There is a case for standardization in the south-eastern States to May-July.

Population biology of Microlaena stipoides in a south-eastern Australian pasture

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Mitchell ◽  
J. M. Virgona ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
D. R. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Microlaena Stipoides

Microlaena (Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Labill.) R.Br.) is a C3 perennial grass that is native to areas of south-eastern Australia. In this region, perennial grasses are important for the grazing industries because of their extended growing season and persistence over several years. This series of experiments focused on the population biology of Microlaena by studying the phenology (when seed was set), seed rain (how much seed was produced and where it fell), seed germination, germinable seedbank, seed predation and seedling recruitment in a pasture. Experiments were conducted at Chiltern, in north-eastern Victoria, on an existing native grass pasture dominated by Microlaena. Seed yields were substantial (mean 800 seeds m–2), with seed rain occurring over December–May. Microlaena has two distinct periods of high seed rain, in early summer and in early autumn. Seed predation is high. Within a 24-h period during peak seed production, up to 30% of Microlaena seed was removed from a pasture, primarily by ants. Microlaena seedlings recruited throughout an open paddock; however, seedling density was low (5 seedlings m–2). Microlaena represented only low numbers in the seedbank (0.01–0.05% of total); hence, any seedlings of Microlaena that germinate from the seedbank would face immense competition from other species. Management strategies for Microlaena-dominant pastures need to focus on the maintenance of existing plants.

Utilization of Appetite for Sodium Salts to Control Rabbit Populations by Poisoning.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Control Rabbit ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Rabbits in subalpine areas in south-eastern Australia show a marked avidity for sodium salts during the spring and early summer months. During that period rabbit populations may be controlled by allowing access to soft wooden meranti pegs impregnated with sodium chloride and sodium luoroacetate (poison 1080). If the pegs are left out as permanent bait stations they produce long-term effective control. The method should be applicable to other areas in Australia where soil sodium is very low.

Aggregates of particulate matter and aufwuchs on Elodea canadensis in irrigation waters, and inactivation of diquat

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH Browner
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Surface Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Aquatic Herbicides ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Irrigation Waters

In irrigation waters from the Murrumbidgee River and Murray River, south-eastern Australia. shoots of E. canadensis are heavily encrusted with a loosely attached complex of inorganic colloids with aufwuchs. Although 9,10-dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene ion (diquat) is widely used overseas for the management of submerged weeds. it is often ineffective in Australian inland waters. Although several factors may be involved, measurements have shown that this surface complex would inactivate relatively high concentrations of diquat by adsorption. The activity of other aquatic herbicides may also be impaired.

New Rotifera from the River Murray, South-eastern Australia, with a Review of the Australian Species of Brachionus and Keratella

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Koste
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Brachionus keikoa, sp. nov., Keratella shieli, sp. nov. (family Brachionidae Bartos, 1959), and Filinia pejleri var. grandis, var. nov. (family Filiniidae Bartos, 1959), from the River Murray at Mannum, South Australia, and Lecane ungulata var. australiensis, var. nov. (family Lecanidae Bartos, 1959), from waters associated with the Goulburn River at Alexandra, Victoria, are described and figured. B. keikoa has affinities with the angularis-caudatus species group, differing in the location of the foot-opening, the site of the lateral antennae, and in the morphology of the lorica surface. K. shieli is closely related to the quadrata species group, differing in the morphology of the caudal plate and lorica facets. L. (s.str.) ungulata var. australiensis differs from the type in the form of the anterior lorica border and in larger size. F. pejleri var. grandis has the greatest measurements in length of body and bristles of all described forms so far known from other continents. Figures of some 10 species of Brachionus and of eight species of Keratella are presented for comparative purposes.

The genus Lithophyllum (Lithophylloideae, Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) in south-eastern Australia, with the description of L. riosmenae, sp. nov.

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Harvey ◽  
Wm J. Woelkerling ◽  
A. J. K. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The genus Lithophyllum (Lithophylloideae, Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) is represented by six species in south-eastern Australia L. chamberlainianum Woelkerling & Campbell, L. corallinae (Crouan & Crouan) Heydrich, L. cuneatum Keats, L. pustulatum (Lamouroux) Foslie, L. riosmenae, sp. nov., and L. stictaeforme (Areschoug in Agardh) Hauck. Four of these taxa are commonly found in Australia, whereas L. cuneatum was previously known only from Fiji and L. riosmenae is newly described. Morphological and anatomical accounts are provided, including keys, information on distribution, nomenclature and habitat in south-eastern Australia. South-eastern Australian species are primarily delimited on characters relating to tetrasporangial conceptacles and the presence/absence of a semi-endophytic habit. Ten species of Lithophyllum are now confirmed to occur in Australia and their diagnostic characters are detailed. Confirmed Australian species of Lithophyllum are primarily delimited on characters relating to tetrasporangial conceptacles, the presence/absence of a semi-endophytic habit and the growth-form. Biogeographic comparisons between south-eastern Australia and other Australian biogeographic regions are also made. Eight species of Lithophyllum are known to occur in southern Australia, three in tropical eastern Australia and three in subtropical western Australia. Southern and south-eastern Australia show major overlap, with five species occurring in both regions. L. pustulatum and L. stictaeformae are widely distributed, having been confirmed to occur in eastern tropical, western subtropical, warm temperate and cold temperate waters within Australia.

The Ecology of Rattus lutreolus II*. Reproductive Tactics

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Breeding Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Young Of The Year

Litter size and total number of placental scars were obtained by autopsy of specimens of Rattus lutreolus from south-eastern Australia. Mean litter size in Victoria was 5 - 0, whereas on Hogan I. it was 3 -9. Although mean litter size within Victoria did not appear to vary between populations, mean number of litters per reproductive female varied between habitats. It was 1 - 5 for riparian, 2 -4 for heathland, and 3 -7 for commensal populations. The proportion of young of the year breeding also increase in this order. With the aid of information from the mark-recapture studies, it is deduced that the usual number of litters per breeding female per full breeding season is one for riparian, two for heathland, two for Hogan I., and for or five for commensal populations. Demography of populations in these habitats is discussed and possible selective pressures moulding the reproductive parameters are identified.

Spawning, development and distribution of the southern pigmy perch Nannoperca australis australis Gunther from inland waters in eastern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Southern pigmy perch were bred in ponds on three occasions when water temperatures rose above 21.0�C at the surface and 19.3�C at the bottom during the months of September and October. Flooding was found not to be necessary as a breeding stimulus. The requirements for breeding and the embryological development of eggs and larvae were followed closely. The eggs were demersal, transparent, spherical, telolecithal and essentially non-adhesive; possessed a cluster of oil globules; varied from 1.16 mm to 1.35 mm in diameter; and were scattered randomly during spawning. They hatched after between 2 days 18 hr and 3 days 7 hr at temperatures fluctuating between 15.8�C and 25.3�C. The length of the recently hatched larvae varied between 3.18 and 3.92 mm. The pro-larval stage terminated at 5 days 23 hr at temperatures between 15.8 and 23.7�C. The largest adult recorded at Narrandera was 63 mm in length and weighed 3.48 g. Marked colour difference occurred between the sexes as the breeding season approached, the males possessing bright red fins with black edges. Fecundity of the females varied from 506 eggs at 40 mm length and 0.86 g weight to 4217 eggs at 63 mm length and 3.49 g weight. The gonosomatic index rose to 11.4 and 4.7 in females and males respectively prior to breeding. Fish 6 months, 18 months and 30 months old from a pond reached 3.0, 3.8 and 4.7 cm respectively. Some taxonomic problems of the Nannopercidae are discussed and the distributions of the different forms given. The breeding of .Edelia vittata and Nannoperca australis australis are compared.

Multi-scale site and landscape effects on the vulnerable superb parrot of south-eastern Australia during the breeding season

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian D. Manning ◽  
David B. Lindenmayer ◽  
Simon C. Barry ◽  
Henry A. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A rethink on Retropinna: conservation implications of new taxa and significant genetic sub-structure in Australian smelts (Pisces:Retropinnidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Hammer ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Peter J. Unmack ◽  
Keith F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Eastern Seaboard ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The smelt genus Retropinna nominally includes three small (<150 mm) freshwater fish species endemic to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. For the two Australian species, the broad range of R. semoni (Weber) on the mainland suggests some vulnerability to isolation and genetic divergence, whereas the apparent confinement of R. tasmanica McCulloch to Tasmania is curious if, as suspected, it is anadromous. Analyses of Australian material using allozyme electrophoresis show five genetically distinct species with contiguous ranges and no evidence of genetic exchange. Three occur along the eastern seaboard (including three instances of sympatry), another in coastal and inland south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, and a fifth species in the Lake Eyre Basin. There is no indication of a simple ‘tasmanica’ v. ‘semoni’ dichotomy, but instead a complex pattern involving discrete clusters for the Upper Murray plus Darling rivers, Lower Murray, Glenelg River and Tasmanian regions, with coastal western Victorian samples having varying affinity to these groups. The overall pattern is one of deep divergences among species and strong genetic sub-structuring within and provides a strong argument for extended studies to prepare for appropriate conservation measures.

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