Spawning, development and distribution of the southern pigmy perch Nannoperca australis australis Gunther from inland waters in eastern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Southern pigmy perch were bred in ponds on three occasions when water temperatures rose above 21.0�C at the surface and 19.3�C at the bottom during the months of September and October. Flooding was found not to be necessary as a breeding stimulus. The requirements for breeding and the embryological development of eggs and larvae were followed closely. The eggs were demersal, transparent, spherical, telolecithal and essentially non-adhesive; possessed a cluster of oil globules; varied from 1.16 mm to 1.35 mm in diameter; and were scattered randomly during spawning. They hatched after between 2 days 18 hr and 3 days 7 hr at temperatures fluctuating between 15.8�C and 25.3�C. The length of the recently hatched larvae varied between 3.18 and 3.92 mm. The pro-larval stage terminated at 5 days 23 hr at temperatures between 15.8 and 23.7�C. The largest adult recorded at Narrandera was 63 mm in length and weighed 3.48 g. Marked colour difference occurred between the sexes as the breeding season approached, the males possessing bright red fins with black edges. Fecundity of the females varied from 506 eggs at 40 mm length and 0.86 g weight to 4217 eggs at 63 mm length and 3.49 g weight. The gonosomatic index rose to 11.4 and 4.7 in females and males respectively prior to breeding. Fish 6 months, 18 months and 30 months old from a pond reached 3.0, 3.8 and 4.7 cm respectively. Some taxonomic problems of the Nannopercidae are discussed and the distributions of the different forms given. The breeding of .Edelia vittata and Nannoperca australis australis are compared.

Some aspects of the ecology of Paratya australiensis (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Paratya Australiensis

Three Australian species of Paratya have been described. However, only one, P. australiensis, can be accepted. It occurs in Australia in a broad south-eastern arc, and in a wide variety of permanent inland waters (coastal streams, rivers, lakes, farm dams and ponds). In these it favours vegetated areas. Young hatch as free-floating larvae and hatching occurs mainly in early summer in southern Victoria. Females breed in their second summer. In south-eastern Australia, at least, this breeding season appears adapted to the hydrological regime of running waters.

Active and passive dispersal of Centroberyx affinis (Berycidae) and Gonorynchus greyi (Gonorynchidae) larvae on the Sydney shelf

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Shelf Break ◽  
Outer Shelf ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Passive Dispersal ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Spawning Periods

Distributions of small and large larvae of Centroberyx affinis (Berycidae) and Gonorynchus greyi (Gonorynchidae) were examined along a shore-normal transect across the Sydney continental shelf, south-eastern Australia during January and April 1994. Both species were abundant, and 3016 individuals of C. affinis and 3184 individuals of G. greyi were taken. Distributions of small and large C. affinis reflected hydrographic variability and suggested passive dispersal. Previous observations of high year-class variability for this species may therefore reflect oceanographic variability during the larval stage. In contrast, the distributions of G. greyi only partially reflected hydrography and appeared to be influenced by larval behaviour at both sizes. Size distributions during each month indicated protracted spawning periods for both species. Spawning by C. affinis may have occurred over the inner shelf although the location was unclear because of the complexity of nearshore currents. Spawning by G. greyi probably occurred over the outer shelf. An increasing influence of larval behaviour with larval size on the distribution of G. greyi restricted larger individuals to the shelf break; this may have been a response to higher productivity in this region.

The Flatback Turtle, Chelonia depressa, in Queensland: Reproductive Periodicity, Philopatry and Recruitment

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Limpus ◽  
A Fleay ◽  
V Baker
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Remigration Interval ◽  
High Degree

The Bundaberg coast is the southern limit for reproduction by Chelonia depressa in eastern Australia. Here the species lays 2.84 � 0.78 (mean � SD) clutches per breeding season with a renesting interval of 15.99 � 1.89 days. When successful nesting does not occur on a nesting crawl the female returns after 1.17 � 1.07 d for another attempt. The mean remigration interval is 2.65 � 0.92 years and the average female is estimated to have a reproductive life of between 2.05 and 2.55 breeding seasons. The estimated annual recruitment rate of neonate nesting females into this colony is 27.2 � 10.8% of the population. The females return repetitively with a high degree of accuracy to the same small nesting beach within a single breeding season and in successive breeding seasons. The reproductive strategy of C. depressa compared with that of other sea turtles appears to involve an increase in hatchling size, to reduce predation, achieved by laying relatively large eggs. However, only a few small clutches are laid in a breeding season, so that seasonal fecundity for the species is low relative to that in other sea turtles such as C. mydas. Because its reproductive life is longer, C. depressa has a total fecundity only slightly less than that of C. mydas.

scholarly journals Impacts of ocean acidification on development of the meroplanktonic larval stage of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve S. Doo ◽  
Symon A. Dworjanyn ◽  
Shawna A. Foo ◽  
Natalie A. Soars ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Doo, S. S., Dworjanyn, S. A., Foo, S. A., Soars, N. A., and Byrne, M. 2012. Impacts of ocean acidification on development of the meroplanktonic larval stage of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 460–464. The effects of near-future ocean acidification/hypercapnia on larval development were investigated in the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii, a habitat-modifying species from eastern Australia. Decreased pH (−0.3 to −0.5 pH units) or increased pCO2 significantly reduced the percentage of normal larvae. Larval growth was negatively impacted with smaller larvae in the pH 7.6/1800 ppm treatments. The impact of acidification on development was similar on days 3 and 5, indicating deleterious effects early in development. On day 3, increased abnormalities in the pH 7.6/1600 ppm treatment were seen in aberrant prism stage larvae and arrested/dead embryos. By day 5, echinoplutei in this treatment had smaller arm rods. Observations of smaller larvae in C. rodgersii have significant implications for this species because larval success may be a potential bottleneck for persistence in a changing ocean.

scholarly journals The vascular filaments on the pelvic limbs of Lepidosiren, their function and evolutionary significance

1929 ◽  
Vol 105 (739) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Probable Function ◽  
Gran Chaco ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

In 1900 Prof. J. Graham Kerr published the results of his investigations into the habits and reproduction of Lepidosiren in the swamps of the Gran Chaco, in Paraguay (' Phil. Trans.,' Series B, vol. 292). He found that just before the breeding season papillæ which occur on the pelvic limbs of the male rapidly develop into long, bright-red, vascular filaments. These persist throughout the breeding period, during which the male fish remains in the Nesting burrow with the eggs and larvæ. After this period the filaments disappear, by atrophy of the tissues and disintegration, not by absorption. Neither filaments nor papillæ usually occur on the pelvic Iimbs of the female, but papillæ in a very rudimentary condition occur occasionally in female specimens, and, judging from the analogy of sex-limited characters in other vertebrates these specimens are possibly the oldest, and perhaps no longer fertile. Prof. Graham Kerr discusses the question of the function of these vascular filaments in the male. Sir Ray Lankester had suggested that they were accessory organs of respiration; Dr. Hans Gadow that they might be spawning brushes tor spreading the semen; Graham Kerr himself thought they might be due to "the intense vital activity associated with reproduction," but on further consideration agreed with Sir Ray Lankester that respiration was their most probable function.

scholarly journals Aspects de la Dynamique des Populations Chez un Isopode Interstitiel

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Coineau
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Dynamique Des Populations ◽  
Reproduction Season ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Interstitial Waters

A study of the breeding cycle and population structure of Angeliera phreaticola (Isopoda, Asellota, Microparasellidae) has been carried out in the western Mediterranean. The species shows a seasonal reproductive cycle. The breeding season occurs from mid-April to the end of September. Release of juveniles is limited to the period from June to the end of September. Fourty to seventy days are necessary for the embryological development which is very long, eighty days for the post-marsupial one. It is suggested that in spring the increasing temperature of the interstitial waters accelerates the maturity of the ovocyte and post-embryonic development, and causes an advance of the breeding season. Each summer-born generation reproduces next year and yields reproducing animals two years after. Each female produces two broods (rarely three) per reproduction season and can get three to six descendants at most. Sex ratio of males to females is expressed as a function of the season and the size; males outnumber females. A. phreaticola has a maximum life span of about two years and two or three months.

Aggregates of particulate matter and aufwuchs on Elodea canadensis in irrigation waters, and inactivation of diquat

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH Browner
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Surface Complex ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Aquatic Herbicides ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Irrigation Waters

In irrigation waters from the Murrumbidgee River and Murray River, south-eastern Australia. shoots of E. canadensis are heavily encrusted with a loosely attached complex of inorganic colloids with aufwuchs. Although 9,10-dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene ion (diquat) is widely used overseas for the management of submerged weeds. it is often ineffective in Australian inland waters. Although several factors may be involved, measurements have shown that this surface complex would inactivate relatively high concentrations of diquat by adsorption. The activity of other aquatic herbicides may also be impaired.

Nematode parasites of free-living rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in eastern Australia

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Dunsmore
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
South Central ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Regular Sampling ◽  
A Site ◽  
North Western

(1) Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800) in wild rabbits in Australia has been studied by more or less regular sampling of rabbit populations in four climatically different areas of eastern Australia. (2) In a semi-arid locality in north-western New South Wales, T. retortaeformis is rarely found; in a subtropical area of south-central Queensland it was found only in small numbers and many rabbits were apparently free of infection. In an area of the Riverina district of New South Wales most rabbits were infected but parasite numbers were rarely high. The highest levels of infection were recorded at a site in a subalpine area of New South Wales. (3) It was possible to build up a detailed picture of the dynamics of T. retortaeformis in rabbits throughout their lives at Snowy Plains, the subalpine site, in which breeding of rabbits is limited to a relatively few months each year. During their first 6-8 months of life (prior to their first breeding season) male and female rabbits carry moderate numbers of T. retortaeformis with the males carrying somewhat more parasites than the females. During the breeding season T. retortaeformis numbers in female rabbits increase very markedly (about tenfold) while numbers in male rabbits are decreasing to a low level (their lowest during the year). Following breeding, worm numbers in female rabbits drop quite rapidly while those in males increase to a similarly moderate level. Apparently a similar cycle of events occurs during each 12 months of a rabbit's life. (4) At Urana, in the Riverina plain region the cycle of events described above for Snowy Plains could not be seen, although T. retortaeformis was found in moderate numbers. This may have been due to infrequent sampling, lack of a defined rabbit breeding season, or some other factor.

Use of Nest Trees by the Mountain Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus caninus) (Phalangeridae : Marsupialia). III. Spatial Configuration and Co-occupancy of Nest Trees

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lindenmayer ◽  
A. Welsh ◽  
C. F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Radio-tracking was used to examine the spatial configuration and co-occupancy of large trees with hollows occupied by 16 mountain brushtail possums (Trichosurus caninus) at Cambarville in the central highlands of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. The distance that animals moved between trees on successive days was also examined. Our analyses showed that animals often remained in a given den tree on successive days. On nights when animals did shift between den sites, they typically moved to a new tree that was relatively nearby (< 200 m). Long-distance movements (e.g. > 300 m) between den trees were rare. Considerable variation was found between individuals in the size of areas encompassing trees used frequently (≥5 times) (‘core denning range’) and those encompassing all occupied trees [i.e. including those used infrequently (< 5 times)] (‘total denning range’). The mean area of the core denning range averaged about 1·1 ha for males and 0·7 ha for females. The mean value for the total denning range was approximately 2·6 ha for males and females respectively. Considerable overlap was found in the total denning ranges of pairs of adult males and pairs of adult females. For most animals, the total denning range was shared with the total denning ranges of several other animals. There was substantial variation in the extent of this overlap, ranging from complete enclosure to the sharing of a single tree. The extent of overlap was more limited for the core denning ranges, particularly among females. We observed differences in the extent of the overlap of the total denning ranges of pairs of males and pairs of females in the breeding season (January–March) and non-breeding season (the remaining months of the year). Fewer instances of overlapping total denning ranges among pairs of both males and females were found during the breeding season. The total denning ranges in the breeding season were generally smaller than those in the non- breeding season. Simultaneous co-occupancy of a given den tree by T. caninus was relatively common. Unexpectedly, there was a number of instances of groups of three or four adult animals sharing the same den site on the same night. We recorded several instances of sharing by pairs of animals of the same sex, especially adult males. However, most records of simultaneous tree use were by an adult male and an adult female T. caninus. The extent of overlap in the denning ranges of animals and the prevalence of simultaneous co-occupancy of den trees indicate that the social behaviour of T. caninus at Cambarville may be different from that observed among populations of the species elsewhere in Australia. Possible reasons for these differences are outlined.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Citizen Science Smartphone Apps for Inland Water Quality Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Malthus ◽  
Renee Ohmsen ◽  
Hendrik J. van der Woerd
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Rapid and widespread monitoring of inland and coastal water quality occurs through the use of remote sensing and near-surface water quality sensors. A new addition is the development of smartphone applications (Apps) to measure and record surface reflectance, water color and water quality parameters. In this paper, we present a field study of the HydroColor (HC, measures RGB reflectance and suspended particulate matter (SPM)) and EyeOnWater (EoW, determines the Forel–Ule scale—an indication to the visual appearance of the water surface) smartphone Apps to evaluate water quality for inland waters in Eastern Australia. The Brisbane river, multiple lakes and reservoirs and lagoons in Queensland and New South Wales were visited; hyperspectral reflection spectra were collected and water samples were analysed in the laboratory as reference. Based on detailed measurements at 32 sites, covering inland waters with a large range in sediment and algal concentrations, we find that both water quality Apps are close, but not quite on par with scientific spectrometers. EoW is a robust application that manages to capture the color of water with accuracy and precision. HC has great potential, but is influenced by errors in the observational procedure and errors in the processing of images in the iPhone. The results show that repeated observations help to reduce the effects of outliers, while implementation of camera response functions and processing should help to reduce systematic errors. For both Apps, no universal conversion to water quality composition is established, and we conclude that: (1) replicated measurements are useful; (2) color is a reliable monitoring parameter in its own right but it should not be used for other water quality variables, and; (3) tailored algorithms to convert reflectance and color to composition could be developed for lakes individually.

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