Breeding of the Stubble Quail, Coturnix pectoralis, in South-Eastern Australia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
HJ Frith ◽  
SM Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
The One ◽  
Latitudinal Trend

The gonad cycle, breeding season, proportion of the population in primary moult and the relative amount of body fat were examined through the year in stubble quail at eight localities covering seven degrees of latitude and including several types of habitat and climate. There were significant effects of annual cycles and rainfall on each character at each location. In gonad size the seasonal cycle accounted for 39-71% of the variability in males and 21-41% in females according to locality. Effects of rainfall accounted for 5-18 % of the variability in males and 5-19% in females. There was a suggestion of a latitudinal trend in the date of the beginning of the annual gonad cycle. Breeding at all localities was in spring and early summer with a very frequent second peak of gonad size and breeding in late summer and autumn. The timing, the relative values of the spring and summer peaks and the success of the breeding varied from place to place and from year to year in the one locality. In some years breeding was continuous virtually throughout the year. Although in some regions the hunting season is appropriately timed, considering the biology of the birds, in others it is not as it overlaps the breeding season. There is a case for standardization in the south-eastern States to May-July.

Some aspects of the ecology of Paratya australiensis (Crustacea : Decapoda : Atyidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Williams
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Paratya Australiensis

Three Australian species of Paratya have been described. However, only one, P. australiensis, can be accepted. It occurs in Australia in a broad south-eastern arc, and in a wide variety of permanent inland waters (coastal streams, rivers, lakes, farm dams and ponds). In these it favours vegetated areas. Young hatch as free-floating larvae and hatching occurs mainly in early summer in southern Victoria. Females breed in their second summer. In south-eastern Australia, at least, this breeding season appears adapted to the hydrological regime of running waters.

Population biology of Microlaena stipoides in a south-eastern Australian pasture

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Mitchell ◽  
J. M. Virgona ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
D. R. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Microlaena Stipoides

Microlaena (Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides (Labill.) R.Br.) is a C3 perennial grass that is native to areas of south-eastern Australia. In this region, perennial grasses are important for the grazing industries because of their extended growing season and persistence over several years. This series of experiments focused on the population biology of Microlaena by studying the phenology (when seed was set), seed rain (how much seed was produced and where it fell), seed germination, germinable seedbank, seed predation and seedling recruitment in a pasture. Experiments were conducted at Chiltern, in north-eastern Victoria, on an existing native grass pasture dominated by Microlaena. Seed yields were substantial (mean 800 seeds m–2), with seed rain occurring over December–May. Microlaena has two distinct periods of high seed rain, in early summer and in early autumn. Seed predation is high. Within a 24-h period during peak seed production, up to 30% of Microlaena seed was removed from a pasture, primarily by ants. Microlaena seedlings recruited throughout an open paddock; however, seedling density was low (5 seedlings m–2). Microlaena represented only low numbers in the seedbank (0.01–0.05% of total); hence, any seedlings of Microlaena that germinate from the seedbank would face immense competition from other species. Management strategies for Microlaena-dominant pastures need to focus on the maintenance of existing plants.

Utilization of Appetite for Sodium Salts to Control Rabbit Populations by Poisoning.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Control Rabbit ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Rabbits in subalpine areas in south-eastern Australia show a marked avidity for sodium salts during the spring and early summer months. During that period rabbit populations may be controlled by allowing access to soft wooden meranti pegs impregnated with sodium chloride and sodium luoroacetate (poison 1080). If the pegs are left out as permanent bait stations they produce long-term effective control. The method should be applicable to other areas in Australia where soil sodium is very low.

The annual reproductive cycle and sperm storage in the bearded dragon, Pogona barbata

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Amey ◽  
Joan M. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Bearded Dragon ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Term Storage

Pogona barbata, a large lizard that inhabits the open woodlands of eastern Australia, has been reported to have a high annual reproductive output, which is contrary to expectations for a large lizard. To better understand this anomaly, its reproductive cycle and morphology were investigated. Males were spermatogenic year round, with only a brief period of regression in January (late summer). Females were vitellogenic and gravid through August–December (spring to early summer). Two or three large clutches (14–26 eggs per clutch) were produced each breeding period. Females had two germinal beds in each ovary, and all four actively produced eggs simultaneously. Clutches overlapped such that the next clutch began vitellogenesis before the first was laid. These characteristics make this species’ reproductive output one of the largest known among lizards. Reproductive females had sperm stored in oviductal crypts, but there was no evidence of sperm storage outside the breeding period. The short-term storage of sperm by breeding females may promote sperm competition between males.

The Ecology of Rattus lutreolus II*. Reproductive Tactics

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Breeding Female ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Young Of The Year

Litter size and total number of placental scars were obtained by autopsy of specimens of Rattus lutreolus from south-eastern Australia. Mean litter size in Victoria was 5 - 0, whereas on Hogan I. it was 3 -9. Although mean litter size within Victoria did not appear to vary between populations, mean number of litters per reproductive female varied between habitats. It was 1 - 5 for riparian, 2 -4 for heathland, and 3 -7 for commensal populations. The proportion of young of the year breeding also increase in this order. With the aid of information from the mark-recapture studies, it is deduced that the usual number of litters per breeding female per full breeding season is one for riparian, two for heathland, two for Hogan I., and for or five for commensal populations. Demography of populations in these habitats is discussed and possible selective pressures moulding the reproductive parameters are identified.

Multi-scale site and landscape effects on the vulnerable superb parrot of south-eastern Australia during the breeding season

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian D. Manning ◽  
David B. Lindenmayer ◽  
Simon C. Barry ◽  
Henry A. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

scholarly journals A framework for testing the influence of Aboriginal burning on grassy ecosystems in lowland, mesic south–eastern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regime ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aboriginal Burning ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The complex interactions among climate, soils, fire and humans in the biogeography of natural grasslands has long been debated in Australia. On the one hand, ecological models assume the primacy of climate and soils. On the other, Aboriginal burning is hypothesised to have altered the entire continent since before the last glacial maximum. The present paper develops a framework to test for the ‘fingerprint’ of Aboriginal burning in lowland, mesic grassy ecosystems of south-eastern Australia, using ecological theory, and the ethno-historical record. It is clear that fire-stick farming was used to promote staple roots in south-eastern Australia and, in some instances, it has been shown to influence grassland–woodland boundaries. The framework comprises the following three evidence lines: (1) archival benchmarking and palaeoecology; (2) phytoecology; and (3) ethnology and archaeology. That fire-stick farming was likely instrumental in grassland formation and maintenance must be supported by evidence that shows that ‘natural’ grasslands exist in climatically–edaphically unexpected places, that fine-scale patterns and dynamics are at least partly due to fire and that the fire regime has been influenced by Aboriginal burning. Application of the framework indicated that widespread Aboriginal burning for staple foods likely extended the area of temperate grasslands and influenced their structure and function.

The rice rat Oryzomys palustris in a Delaware salt marsh: annual reproductive cycle

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1457-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Edmonds ◽  
Milton H. Stetson
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Oryzomys Palustris

A population of the rice rat Oryzomys palustris inhabiting the Canary Creek salt marsh in Lewes, Delaware, was sampled on a monthly basis from September 1988 to December 1990. Males were assigned to the following age-classes on the basis of body mass: juveniles, 0 – 30 g; subadults, 31 – 50 g; adults, 51 g or greater. Testicular mass exhibited a seasonal pattern with lowest adult values in late autumn and early winter and peak values in late spring and early summer. Females showed similar patterns in uterine mass and vaginal patency. Pregnant and (or) lactating females were found from March to late September. The data suggest that the breeding season of the rice rat in southern Delaware begins in late winter and extends into late summer. Favorable environmental conditions may extend the breeding season for some individuals into autumn.

Aspects of the biology of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in coastal eastern Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Richardson ◽  
S. Phillips ◽  
R. A. Hayes ◽  
S. Sindhe ◽  
B. D. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
High Rainfall Area

A population of wild rabbits in a high-rainfall area near Sydney, New South Wales, was studied for 8 years to investigate the population biology of the rabbit in a high-rainfall area, to examine factors affecting the length of the breeding season, and to describe the biology of RHDV and a RHDV-like virus in the population. The breeding season was short, starting in June and ending in October, though some conceptions occurred in every month of the year. Supplementary feeding with grain, germinated wheat or high-protein rabbit pellets did not extend the breeding season, so predictions that the length of the breeding season and occurrence of anaemia were influenced by a lack of protein in the diet were not upheld. Myxomatosis appeared in late summer each year as in inland southern Australia. Studies of the immunostatus of the population showed that, even in the years before RHDV was released in Australia, 80–100% of adult animals were seropositive when tested with ELISA specifically designed to detect antibodies to RHDV, arguably owing to the presence of a RHDV-like virus. The proportion of seropositive animals fell when annual rainfall was below 600 mm and rose when it was above 700 mm. Presumably, in areas where rainfall is usually low the proportion of the population infected with the putative RHDV-like virus would slowly drop to a low level, providing a possible basis for the different epidemiological patterns found for RHDV in different parts of Australia.

Distribution and growth of juvenile mulloway, Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Pisces: Sciaenidae), in the Hawkesbury River, south-eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Gray ◽  
VC McDonall
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
River Otter ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The distribution, recruitment, relative abundance and growth of juvenile mulloway, Argyrosomus hololepidotus Lacepede, was investigated in the Hawkesbury River. Otter trawling was used monthly between July 1986 and March 1988 at 12 sites along a salinity gradient over 85 km of the estuary. The greatest numbers of juveniles were caught at sites in the mid section of the estuary (20-40 km from the mouth) where salinities were greatly reduced. No A. hololepidotus were caught at sites that were permanently fresh water and few were caught at the marine-dominated sites closest to the mouth of the estuary. The greatest numbers of juveniles were caught between March and September (autumn-winter) and the fewest between October and January (spring-summer). Juveniles with an estimated age of 2-6 months were caught between February and July (late summer-winter) each year at a size of 30-150 mm total length. Juveniles increased in length by 80-100 mm between March and October.

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