scholarly journals Pathogen survival in recycled water

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jatinder PS Sidhu ◽  
Simon G Toze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pathogen Survival

Pathogen survival in recycled water Water shortages affect more than 2 billion people worldwide in over 40 countries, with 1.1 billion people living without sufficient drinking water. Captured stormwater and treated wastewater can be used for supplementing non-potable water supplies. However presence of enteric pathogens in the reclaimed water can lead to potential health hazards.

The Regeneration Water Research Based on the Characteristics of Jiangnan Water in the Green Ecological Building Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 492-495
Author(s):  
Dong Ying Xu ◽  
Si Yuan Luo ◽  
Meng Jie Jiang ◽  
Xu Zhi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Building Area ◽  
The Village ◽  
Ecological Building

The recycled water is the important way to solve the shortage of water resources. In China the recycled water use in the jiangnan region is still in start level, rare setting up reclaimed water system inside the village . According to designing water system in jiangnan area, using the high quality miscellaneous drainage for raw water, filtering the all sizes of particle in water, and adopting the biological membrane system decompose the organic therein, the water after disinfection can be as the non potable water. This water system is simple in technology, not occupying the land, four years of recyclable cost and the operation maintenance costs are low.

Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Joanne Vanderzalm ◽  
Bruce Naumann ◽  
Simon Higginson ◽  
Declan Page ◽  
Andrew Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Potable Water Supply

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.

scholarly journals Human Enteric Pathogens in Eight Rivers Used as Rural Household Drinking Water Sources in the Northern Region of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Potgieter ◽  
Simbarashe Karambwe ◽  
Lutendo Sylvia Mudau ◽  
Tobias Barnard ◽  
Afsatou Traore
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vibrio Spp

People living in rural areas still rely on the use of environmental water that is contaminated by human and animal activities. This study assessed the occurrence of human enteric pathogens in rivers that are used by rural communities Vhembe District of South Africa as a source of drinking water covering two seasons (winter and summer) over a one-year period. Water quality was assessed using physico characteristics and indicator organisms (total coliforms, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens). Pathogens tested included bacteria (Pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella-, Shigella- and Vibrio spp.), protozoa (Cryptosporidium- and Giardia spp.), and enteric viruses (Rota-, Noro-, Entero-, and Adenoviruses) while using published molecular protocols. The results showed that the indicator bacteria counts exceeded South African drinking water quality guideline limits and pathogenic E. coli was detected in the samples. No Shigella spp. were isolated, while Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. were present; parasites were detected in four rivers and Enteric viruses were predominantly detected in the winter season. The results indicated the poor condition of water and the potential health risks to consumers highlighting the need for implementing river catchment management strategies for continued sustainability in these rivers.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Suburbia: Differences in Local Identity and Public Perceptions of Potable Water Reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Redman ◽  
Kerri Jean Ormerod ◽  
Scott Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Northern Nevada

Urban water managers are increasingly interested in incorporating reclaimed water into drinking supplies, particularly in rapidly growing arid and semi-arid urban areas, such as the western United States. Northern Nevada is one location that is considering augmenting drinking water supplies with reclaimed water, a practice that is known as planned potable water reuse. Potable water reuse can expand water supply and reduce wastewater disposal. However, past studies have shown that the introduction of potable reclaimed water can be controversial and requires an understanding of public perceptions of the resource prior to implementation. This study explores the factors that influence whether or not respondents in northern Nevada express willingness to drink reclaimed water. We pay specific attention to the degree to which self-identification as an urban, suburban, or rural resident influences how people consider using treated wastewater for both potable and non-potable purposes. To address this, we conducted a survey to assess community perceptions of reclaimed water use and applications in northern Nevada in the spring of 2018. We find that years spent living in the home and a respondent being female are negative and significant predictors of being willing to drink reclaimed water, while having heard of reclaimed water before and self-identification as a suburban resident are positive and significant predictors. As the region becomes more developed, particularly in its growing suburbs, it is essential to understand the nature of the interests and concerns regarding water resources and the expanded use of reclaimed water.

scholarly journals Chlorine inactivation of coxsackievirus B5 in recycled water destined for non-potable reuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satiya Wati ◽  
Bret S. Robinson ◽  
John Mieog ◽  
Judy Blackbeard ◽  
Alexandra R. Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Abstract Currently guidelines for disinfection of water with free chlorine, while primarily developed for potable water, are often used for virus disinfection of nitrified recycled water of >1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). More information is needed on the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine for viruses in waters of varying turbidity and pH due to significant reuse of treated wastewater of varying quality. In this study, disinfection efficacy in nitrified/denitrified activated sludge treated wastewater was investigated for coxsackievirus B5 (CB5), an enterovirus known to be highly resistant to free chlorine. The required chlorine contact times (CT) values (mg.min/L) for inactivation of CB5 were established in treated wastewater at 10 °C and of varying turbidity (0.2, 2, 5 and 20 NTU) and pH (7, 8 and 9). CTs were calculated to achieve 1 to 4 log10 inactivation. Robust data is presented in support of the chlorine CT values required to inactivate a chlorine-resistant virus in a range of turbidities and pHs in treated wastewaters. The testing method used a conservative approach and the data presented have been used to develop the free chlorine virus inactivation guildelines for recycled water in Victoria and South Australia, Australia.

Total available amount per day of potable water and reclaimed water (2016)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water

Amount is expressed in cubic meters. Drinking water Megacities Supply Use/Reuse

scholarly journals Assessment of Full-Scale Indirect Potable Water Reuse in El Port de la Selva, Spain

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Soňa Fajnorová ◽  
Christoph Sprenger ◽  
Nina Hermes ◽  
Thomas A. Ternes ◽  
Lluís Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Water Wells

In 2015, the town of El Port de la Selva in Spain implemented soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) using tertiary treated wastewater effluents to replenish the local potable aquifer. This study evaluated the initial phase of this indirect potable water reuse system including a characterization of hydraulic conditions in the aquifer and monitoring of microbial contaminants and 151 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs). The combined treatment resulted in very low abundances of indicator bacteria, enteric viruses and phages in the monitoring wells after three days of infiltration and a reduction of antibiotic microbial resistance to background levels of local groundwater. After tertiary treatment, 94 CECs were detected in the infiltration basin of which 15 chemicals exceeded drinking water thresholds or health-based monitoring trigger levels. Although SAT provided an effective barrier for many chemicals, 5 CECs were detected above health-based threshold levels in monitoring wells after short hydraulic retention times. However, additional attenuation is expected due to dilution prior to abstraction via downstream drinking water wells and during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, which was recently installed to mitigate residual CECs. Overall, the results demonstrate that indirect potable water reuse can be a reliable option for smaller communities, if related risks from microbial and chemical contaminants are adequately addressed by tertiary treatment and subsequent SAT, providing sufficient hydraulic retention times for pathogen decay and CEC removal.

scholarly journals Water Shortages and Drinking Water Quality in Rural Southwest Nigeria: Issues and Sustainable Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday B. Akinde ◽  
Janet O. Olaitan ◽  
Temitope F. Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
High Pathogenic

Nigeria is a highly populated country in West Africa where less than half of the residents have access to safe potable water. Usually characterised by poor socioeconomic infrastructure, the rural people often carry the brunt of this menace. In this paper, we review existing publications and reports on water scarcity and access to potable water in southwestern Nigeria with the view of keeping the subject matter in perspective for policymakers and relevant government agencies and ministries to take urgent steps in ad-dressing the situation. The reported cases of high pathogenic microbial loads, detection of some heavy metals and physicochemical water parameters exceeding the WHO standard for drinking water quality was discussed. The results have serious public health implications. There is, therefore, a need for a paradigm shift from indiscriminate attitudes of water abuse for sustainable solutions to the water challenges.

Online monitoring of bromate in treated wastewater: Implications for potable water reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Haruka Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water

Continuous monitoring of bromate ions, a disinfection by-product of the ozonation of wastewater, may improve the safety of recycled water for potable use. A recently developed elemental analyzer can determine...

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