Online monitoring of bromate in treated wastewater: Implications for potable water reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Haruka Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water

Continuous monitoring of bromate ions, a disinfection by-product of the ozonation of wastewater, may improve the safety of recycled water for potable use. A recently developed elemental analyzer can determine...

Fluorescence monitoring for cross-connection detection in water reuse systems: Australian case studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hambly ◽  
R. K. Henderson ◽  
A. Baker ◽  
R. M. Stuetz ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Dual Distribution ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Australian Case

A rapid, highly sensitive method for detection of cross-connections between recycled and potable water in dual reticulation systems is required. The aim of this research was to determine the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy as a monitoring tool at three Australian dual distribution (drinking and recycled water) systems. Weekly grab samples of recycled and potable water were obtained over 12 weeks at each site and analysed for fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, UV254, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), electrical conductivity and pH. Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy was able to differentiate between recycled and potable water at each site by monitoring the protein-like fluorescence at peak T—an excitation-emission wavelength pair of λex/em = 300/350 nm. While electrical conductivity was also able to distinguish between recycled and potable water, the differentiation was greatest when using fluorescence. For example, the peak T fluorescence in recycled water was up to 10 times that of potable water in comparison with electrical conductivity that had a maximum 5 times differentiation. Furthermore, by comparing the protein-like fluorescence at peak T and humic-like fluorescence at peak A (λex/em = 235/426 nm), the three different recycled water systems were able to be differentiated. Overall, fluorescence shows promise as a monitoring tool for detecting cross-connections.

scholarly journals Pathogen survival in recycled water

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jatinder PS Sidhu ◽  
Simon G Toze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pathogen Survival

Pathogen survival in recycled water Water shortages affect more than 2 billion people worldwide in over 40 countries, with 1.1 billion people living without sufficient drinking water. Captured stormwater and treated wastewater can be used for supplementing non-potable water supplies. However presence of enteric pathogens in the reclaimed water can lead to potential health hazards.

scholarly journals Effluent Water Reuse Possibilities in Northern Cyprus

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Gozen Elkiran ◽  
Fidan Aslanova ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus (NC) is suffering from limited water resources and reiterated drought condition experiences due to global warming effects. Previous studies revealed that the water management policy in the country is not sustainable from the perspective of demand and balance. Apparently, the reuse of recycled water will be an alternative resource and can be utilized for some specific purposes to reduce water extraction from the ground. It is expected that treated wastewater will reach 20 million cubic meters (MCM) per year after the completion of the new sewage system for Lefkosa. Today, 20,000 m3 of wastewater is treated at the Lefkosa Central Treatment Plant up to the secondary treatment level, in which the degree of treatment varies from 60% to 95% owing to the weather conditions in the country during the year. Effluent water reuse in NC was not accepted due to cultural belief. However, water scarcity was experienced in the country during the last decade, forcing the farmers to benefit from the recycled water. There is no regulatory framework available in the country for effluent water reuse. However, preparation studies are almost finalized after discussions among government and European Union (EU) agencies. Cyprus, as an EU country, has an obligation to treat the wastewater up to the secondary level before releasing it in an environmentally friendly nature, following the Directive 91/271/EEC. This paper analyzes the effluent water reuse possibilities as a component of integrated water resource management in Northern Cyprus considering laboratory experiment results. It appears that applying tertiary treatment in Northern Cyprus will allow 20 MCM of water contribution to the water budget and it will help protect the vulnerable environment. Also, since the cost of tertiary treatment will be 0.2 United States dollars (USD)/m3, it would be reasonable to prefer this process to the desalination of water, which costs of 1 USD/m3.

Current status of water reuse systems in Korea

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noh ◽  
I. Kwon ◽  
H.-M. Yang ◽  
H.-L. Choi ◽  
H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Service Water ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Recycling Systems

In Korea, the current water resources will fall short by 2.6 billion tons to meet the 38 billion ton water demand in the year 2020. To overcome the future water shortage, it is desirable to minimize water consumption and to reuse treated wastewater. There are a total of 99 on-site water-recycling systems in the country. The potential capacity of the 99 systems is 429 thousands tons/day, which is 3.6% of the total service water. Compared to other industrialized countries, the number of the water recycling systems in Korea is extremely small. This is mainly due to the following reasons. First, in Korea, any building with more than 60,000 m2 of total floor space is required to install a water reuse system by law. However, only less than 0.5% of the total buildings have more than 10,000 m2. Therefore, the regulation is ineffective and merely nominal. Second, service water is supplied at low charge (0.20 US-dollar/m3 water). The inexpensive service water often discourages people to recycle treated wastewater. Third, people still think recycled water is not clean enough and can cause diseases. Therefore, they should be informed that a well-maintained recycling system does not fail to produce water with high quality.

Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Joanne Vanderzalm ◽  
Bruce Naumann ◽  
Simon Higginson ◽  
Declan Page ◽  
Andrew Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Potable Water Supply

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.

scholarly journals A GHG Metric Methodology to Assess Onsite Buildings Non-Potable Water System for Outdoor Landscape Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Seguela ◽  
John R. Littlewood ◽  
George Karani
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water System ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Impact

This paper documents a water:energy greenhouse gas (GHG) metric methodology for a decentralized non-potable water system that was developed as part of a Professional Doctorate in Engineering (DEng) research project by the first author. The project identified the need to investigate the challenges in changing the use of potable water to recycled water for landscape irrigation (LI) and for water features (WFs) at a medical facility case study (MFCS) in Abu Dhabi (AD) (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The drivers for the research project were based on the need for AD to decrease desalinated potable water as well as reduce the environmental impact and operational costs associated with the processing and use of desalinated water. Thus, the aim of the research discussed and presented in this paper was to measure the impact of using recycled and onsite non-potable water sources at the MFCS to alleviate the use of desalinated potable water and reduce associated energy consumption, operational costs, and GHG emissions (latterly in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), for LI and WFs. The analysis of three case scenarios at the MFCS compared different approaches to alleviate energy use, costs, and GHG impacts for the use of recycled water in LI and WFs against a baseline. The findings led to a proposed sustainable water conservation and reuse (SWC) strategy, which helped save 50% desalinated potable water for LI use by soil improvement, building water system audits, and alternate non-potable water reuse. The recommendations for this paper are to develop a SWC strategy forming the basis for a water protocol by the competent authority for regional medical facilities including an assessment methodology for building decentralized non-potable water systems to measure their energy, GHG emissions and financial impact.

scholarly journals Reclaiming Suburbia: Differences in Local Identity and Public Perceptions of Potable Water Reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Redman ◽  
Kerri Jean Ormerod ◽  
Scott Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Northern Nevada

Urban water managers are increasingly interested in incorporating reclaimed water into drinking supplies, particularly in rapidly growing arid and semi-arid urban areas, such as the western United States. Northern Nevada is one location that is considering augmenting drinking water supplies with reclaimed water, a practice that is known as planned potable water reuse. Potable water reuse can expand water supply and reduce wastewater disposal. However, past studies have shown that the introduction of potable reclaimed water can be controversial and requires an understanding of public perceptions of the resource prior to implementation. This study explores the factors that influence whether or not respondents in northern Nevada express willingness to drink reclaimed water. We pay specific attention to the degree to which self-identification as an urban, suburban, or rural resident influences how people consider using treated wastewater for both potable and non-potable purposes. To address this, we conducted a survey to assess community perceptions of reclaimed water use and applications in northern Nevada in the spring of 2018. We find that years spent living in the home and a respondent being female are negative and significant predictors of being willing to drink reclaimed water, while having heard of reclaimed water before and self-identification as a suburban resident are positive and significant predictors. As the region becomes more developed, particularly in its growing suburbs, it is essential to understand the nature of the interests and concerns regarding water resources and the expanded use of reclaimed water.

Challenges and prospectives for water recycling and reuse in EU countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Angelakis ◽  
L. Bontoux ◽  
V. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Recycled water is a reliable source of water that must be taken into account in formulating a sustainable water policy. Water reuse is a growing field and many projects have been occurring throughout Europe in the last fifteen years. Most of northern EU countries have abundant water resources. In this case, the need for extra supply through the reuse of treated wastewater is not a priority, but the protection of the receiving environment is considered as an important issue. The situation is different in the southern EU countries, where the additional resource brought by water reuse promoted the implementation of a number of new projects. One of the major constraints for water reuse and its public acceptance is the lack of relevant legislation at EU level. As a result of this situation, both strict and flexible standards can be found in Europe, even in the same country (Spain, for example), illustrating an important equity issue, which needs to be addressed.

scholarly journals Chlorine inactivation of coxsackievirus B5 in recycled water destined for non-potable reuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satiya Wati ◽  
Bret S. Robinson ◽  
John Mieog ◽  
Judy Blackbeard ◽  
Alexandra R. Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Abstract Currently guidelines for disinfection of water with free chlorine, while primarily developed for potable water, are often used for virus disinfection of nitrified recycled water of >1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). More information is needed on the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine for viruses in waters of varying turbidity and pH due to significant reuse of treated wastewater of varying quality. In this study, disinfection efficacy in nitrified/denitrified activated sludge treated wastewater was investigated for coxsackievirus B5 (CB5), an enterovirus known to be highly resistant to free chlorine. The required chlorine contact times (CT) values (mg.min/L) for inactivation of CB5 were established in treated wastewater at 10 °C and of varying turbidity (0.2, 2, 5 and 20 NTU) and pH (7, 8 and 9). CTs were calculated to achieve 1 to 4 log10 inactivation. Robust data is presented in support of the chlorine CT values required to inactivate a chlorine-resistant virus in a range of turbidities and pHs in treated wastewaters. The testing method used a conservative approach and the data presented have been used to develop the free chlorine virus inactivation guildelines for recycled water in Victoria and South Australia, Australia.

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