scholarly journals Chlorine inactivation of coxsackievirus B5 in recycled water destined for non-potable reuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satiya Wati ◽  
Bret S. Robinson ◽  
John Mieog ◽  
Judy Blackbeard ◽  
Alexandra R. Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Resistant Virus ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Abstract Currently guidelines for disinfection of water with free chlorine, while primarily developed for potable water, are often used for virus disinfection of nitrified recycled water of >1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). More information is needed on the disinfection efficacy of free chlorine for viruses in waters of varying turbidity and pH due to significant reuse of treated wastewater of varying quality. In this study, disinfection efficacy in nitrified/denitrified activated sludge treated wastewater was investigated for coxsackievirus B5 (CB5), an enterovirus known to be highly resistant to free chlorine. The required chlorine contact times (CT) values (mg.min/L) for inactivation of CB5 were established in treated wastewater at 10 °C and of varying turbidity (0.2, 2, 5 and 20 NTU) and pH (7, 8 and 9). CTs were calculated to achieve 1 to 4 log10 inactivation. Robust data is presented in support of the chlorine CT values required to inactivate a chlorine-resistant virus in a range of turbidities and pHs in treated wastewaters. The testing method used a conservative approach and the data presented have been used to develop the free chlorine virus inactivation guildelines for recycled water in Victoria and South Australia, Australia.

scholarly journals Pathogen survival in recycled water

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jatinder PS Sidhu ◽  
Simon G Toze
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pathogen Survival

Pathogen survival in recycled water Water shortages affect more than 2 billion people worldwide in over 40 countries, with 1.1 billion people living without sufficient drinking water. Captured stormwater and treated wastewater can be used for supplementing non-potable water supplies. However presence of enteric pathogens in the reclaimed water can lead to potential health hazards.

Water crisis: the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, regional water supply conflict

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Missimer ◽  
Philip A. Danser ◽  
Gary Amy ◽  
Thomas Pankratz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater ◽  
River Reservoirs

Many large population centres are currently facing considerable difficulties with planning issues to secure future water supplies, as a result of water allocation and environmental issues, litigation, and political dogma. A classic case occurs in the metropolitan Atlanta area, which is a rapidly growing, large population centre that relies solely on surface water for supply. Lake Lanier currently supplies about 70% of the water demand and has been involved in a protracted legal dispute for more than two decades. Drought and environmental management of the reservoir combined to create a water shortage which nearly caused a disaster to the region in 2007 (only about 35 days of water supply was in reserve). While the region has made progress in controlling water demand by implementing a conservation plan, per capita use projections are still very high (at 511 L/day in 2035). Both non-potable reuse and indirect reuse of treated wastewater are contained in the most current water supply plan with up to 380,000 m3/day of wastewater treated using advanced wastewater treatment (nutrient removal) to be discharged into Lake Lanier. The water supply plan, however, includes no additional or new supply sources and has deleted any reference to the use of seawater desalination or other potential water sources which would provide diversification, thereby relying solely on the Coosa and Chattahoochee river reservoirs for the future.

Towards indirect potable reuse in South East Queensland

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Traves ◽  
E. A. Gardner ◽  
B. Dennien ◽  
D. Spiller
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse

Faced with limited water supply options in the longer term and the worst drought on record in the short term, the Queensland Government is constructing the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project which will supply up to 182 ML/day of purified recycled water for industrial and potable purposes. The project is one of a suite of capital works projects in progress which in the longer term will supply up to 10% of the region's potable water supply.

Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic managed aquifer recharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Joanne Vanderzalm ◽  
Bruce Naumann ◽  
Simon Higginson ◽  
Declan Page ◽  
Andrew Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Potable Water Supply

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve water security by using aquifers to store water when it is abundant until required for future use and can increase the use of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to reduce the demand on traditional surface water and groundwater supplies. Recently, two Australian examples were showcased internationally as sustainable and economic MAR: Perth’s groundwater replenishment scheme (GWRS) with recycled water to increase security of urban water supply and a multi-site urban stormwater MAR scheme for suburban non-potable water supply in Salisbury, Adelaide. This paper provides a synopsis of these Australian exemplars of sustainable and economic MAR.

Challenges and prospectives for water recycling and reuse in EU countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Angelakis ◽  
L. Bontoux ◽  
V. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Equity Issue ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Recycled water is a reliable source of water that must be taken into account in formulating a sustainable water policy. Water reuse is a growing field and many projects have been occurring throughout Europe in the last fifteen years. Most of northern EU countries have abundant water resources. In this case, the need for extra supply through the reuse of treated wastewater is not a priority, but the protection of the receiving environment is considered as an important issue. The situation is different in the southern EU countries, where the additional resource brought by water reuse promoted the implementation of a number of new projects. One of the major constraints for water reuse and its public acceptance is the lack of relevant legislation at EU level. As a result of this situation, both strict and flexible standards can be found in Europe, even in the same country (Spain, for example), illustrating an important equity issue, which needs to be addressed.

Water Quality for Potable Reuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Denver's Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Project is designed to examine the feasibility of converting secondary treated wastewater to potable water quality. A 1.0 mgd (44L/s) treatment plant began operation in 1985 and during the first three years many processes were evaluated. Data from the evaluation period was used to select the optimum treatment sequence which is now being used to produce samples for the two-year animal feeding health effects study now underway. Operation in this configuration will continue until early 1991 during which time comprehensive analytical studies will further define the water quality in relation to existing standards and Denver's current potable supply. A decision concerning the full-scale implementation of direct potable reuse will follow extensive analysis of the test results and in-depth economic evaluation.

Reuse of Treated Wastewater in Metro Chicago

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Earl W. Knight ◽  
Robert Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Odor Control ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (District) operates seven wastewater treatment plants that, in 1989, treated 1.8 × 1012 | (4.8 × 1011 gal) of wastewater. Some of the wastewater that is treated is reused, either externally by outside sources or internally within the plants, as an alternative to using potable water. The exported plant effluent is used for purposes of irrigation and commercial plant processes. The plant effluent that is utilized internally is used for equipment washdown, irrigation, pump seal water and wear ring flush, filter backwash, aeration tank foam control, equipment cooling water, venturi pressure tap purge, pipe flush, polymer solution make-up, sludge thickener dilution, and odor control. There are some problems associated with the reuse, but the underlying basis for using plant effluent rather than potable water is cost. It is less expensive to use plant effluent and, as long as the treated wastewater does not cause harm or damage, plant effluent is used.

Online monitoring of bromate in treated wastewater: Implications for potable water reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Fujioka ◽  
Sandrine Boivin ◽  
Haruka Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Recycled Water

Continuous monitoring of bromate ions, a disinfection by-product of the ozonation of wastewater, may improve the safety of recycled water for potable use. A recently developed elemental analyzer can determine...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document