Long-season wheats extend sowing opportunities in the central wheat belt of Western Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson ◽  
A Heinrich ◽  
R Abbotts
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Wheat cultivars and crossbreds with different maturities were tested at a range of sowing times from 1989 to 1991 at 13 sites in the central wheat belt of Western Australia. The aim was to determine if long-season cultivars would allow sowing before mid May, the earliest period estimated by previous studies. Rainfall in the growing season ranged from 176 to 330 mm. Long season cultivars showed the potential to extend the sowing season from early May into late April without loss of yield. Mid-season cultivars reached their maximum yields from sowings in May and short-season cultivars yielded most from late May and early June sowings. The optimum flowering period for the study area over the 3 years was 2-22 September, a period similar to earlier estimates made using only short- and midseason cultivars. It was concluded that, despite considerable variability from year to year both within and between sites, the optimum flowering period did not vary greatly on average and was not greatly affected by the use of long-season cultivars. Sowing after the optimum time resulted in slightly increased grain protein percentages but losses in the value of grain yield would have more than offset increases in the value of grain protein. At the nitrogen rates used in the experiments (80 kg/ha), grain proteins over 11.5% [the minimum for the Australian Hard (AH) grade] were only achieved on average for the long-season AH cultivar Blade at sowing times later than its optimum for yield. The Australian Standard White cultivars, however, mostly achieved 10% protein, an acceptable minimum for that grade, from sowings made at their optimum time. Hectolitre weights fell below the delivery standard of 74 kg/hL in only 3 grain samples. These were all from short-season cultivars sown before their optimum time. Fifteen grain samples from 4 sites contained small grain sievings (2-mm slotted screen) above the delivery standard. Eleven of these samples came from cultivars sown outside their optimum sowing times.

Production practices for high protein, hard wheat in Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson ◽  
GB Crosbie ◽  
K Lemsom
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Australian Standard

Field experiments were conducted at 18 sites over 4 years in the eastern and north-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia where average annual rainfall is <400mm, to investigate suitable techniques for the production of high protein (>13%) wheat in an area that traditionally produces grain of a much lower average protein percentage. Wilgoyne yielded as well as, or better than, any of the cultivars accepted into the Special Hard (SH) grade in Western Australia but 5-10% less than cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade. Differences between cultivars were greatest at the optimum sowing time in late May. Lower yields in early May were attributed to water stress during early growth or to frost damage during grain filling. The addition of nitrogen (N) fertiliser to crops sown after 1 June was less effective in increasing grain yield and grain protein than N added to earlier sowings. Most crops that produced >13% protein followed medic or field peas. The addition of N fertiliser was seldom required to produce this concentration of protein in crops that followed medic or peas. Crops following pasture with a low legume content or wheat had lower grain protein concentrations. Friable red-brown earth soils in a medic or pea rotation were able to achieve the required grain protein, but other combinations were not extensively tested. From these experiments, cultivars with inherently small grains due to their propensity to produce high levels of small grain screenings (whole grain through a 2-mm, slotted sieve) may be less able to increase yields economically by increasing kernel numbers per unit area under conditions in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Pyramiding of Genes for Grain Protein Content, Grain Quality and Rust Resistance in Eleven Indian Bread Wheat Cultivars: A Multi-Institutional Effort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra K. Gupta ◽  
Harindra S. Balyan ◽  
Parveen Chhuneja ◽  
Jai P. Jaiswal ◽  
Shubhada Tamhankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Hmw Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Hmw Glutenin

Abstract Improvement of grain protein content (GPC), loaf volume and resistance to rusts was achieved in 11 Indian wheat cultivars that are widely grown in four different agro-climatic zones of India. This involved use of marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) for introgression and pyramiding of the following genes: (i) the high GPC gene Gpc-B1; (ii) HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci, and (iii) rust resistance genes, Yr36, Yr15, Lr24 and Sr24. GPC was improved by 0.8–3.3%, although high GPC was generally associated with yield penalty. Further selection among high GPC lines, allowed development of progenies with higher GPC associated with improvement in 1000-grain weight and grain yield in the following four cultivars: NI5439, UP2338, UP2382 and HUW468. The high GPC progenies (derived from NI5439) were also improved for grain quality using HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 at Glu-D1 loci. Similarly, progenies combining high GPC and rust resistance were developed in the backgrounds of following five cultivars: Lok1, HD2967, PBW550, PBW621 and DBW1. The improved pre-bred lines developed during the present study should prove useful for development of cultivars with improved nutritional quality associated with rust resistance in future wheat breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Introgression of a major gene for high grain protein content in some Indian bread wheat cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kumar ◽  
V. Jaiswal ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
R.R. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

Comparative soil water, pasture production, and crop yields in phase farming systems with lucerne and annual pasture in Western Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Latta ◽  
L. J. Blacklow ◽  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Pasture Production

Two field experiments in the Great Southern region of Western Australia compared the soil water content under lucerne (Medicago sativa) with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean) and annual medic (Medicago polymorpha) over a 2-year period. Lucerne depleted soil water (10–150 cm) between 40 and 100 mm at Borden and 20 and 60 mm at Pingrup compared with annual pasture. There was also less stored soil water after wheat (Triticum aestivum) and canola (Brassica napus) phases which followed the lucerne and annual pasture treatments, 30 and 48 mm after wheat, 49 and 29 mm after canola at Borden and Pingrup, respectively. Lucerne plant densities declined over 2 seasons from 35 to 25 plants/m2 (Borden) and from 56 to 42 plants/m2 (Pingrup), although it produced herbage quantities similar to or greater than clover/medic pastures. The lucerne pasture also had a reduced weed component. Wheat yield at Borden was higher after lucerne (4.7 t/ha) than after annual pasture (4.0 t/ha), whereas at Pingrup yields were similar (2 t/ha) but grain protein was higher (13.7% compared with 12.6%) . There was no yield response to applied nitrogen after lucerne or annual pasture at either site, but it increased grain protein at both sites. There was no pasture treatment effect on canola yield or oil content at Borden (2 t/ha, 46% oil). However, at Pingrup yield was higher (1.5 t/ha compared to 1.3 t/ha) and oil content was similar (41%) following lucerne–wheat. The results show that lucerne provides an opportunity to develop farming systems with greater water-use in the wheatbelt of Western Australia, and that at least 2 crops can be grown after 3 years of lucerne before soil water returns to the level found after annual pasture.

The effects of triazole and strobilurin fungicide programmes on nitrogen uptake, partitioning, remobilization and grain N accumulation in winter wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. RUSKE ◽  
M. J. GOODING ◽  
S. A. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of a triazole fungicide programme, and additions of strobilurin fungicides to it, on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and partitioning in a range of winter wheat cultivars. Commensurate with delayed senescence, fungicide programmes, particularly when including strobilurins, improved grain yield through improvements in both crop biomass and harvest index, although the relationship with green area duration of the flag leaf (GFLAD) depended on year and in some cases, cultivar. In all years fungicide treatments significantly increased the amount of nitrogen in the above-ground biomass, the amount of nitrogen in the grain and the nitrogen harvest index. All these effects could be linearly related to the fungicide effect on GFLAD. These relationships occasionally interacted with cultivar but there was no evidence that fungicide mode of action affected the relationship between GFLAD and yield of nitrogen in the grain. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced the amount of soil mineral N at harvest and when severe disease had been controlled, the net remobilization of N from the vegetation to the grain after anthesis. Fungicide maintained the filling of grain with both dry matter and nitrogen. The proportionate accumulation of nitrogen in the grain was later than that of dry matter and this difference was greater when fungicide had been applied. Effects of fungicide on grain protein concentration and its relationship with GFLAD were inconsistent over year and cultivar. There were several instances where grain protein concentration was unaffected despite large (1·5 t/ha) increases in grain yield following fungicide use. Dilution of grain protein concentration following fungicide use, when it did occur, was small compared with what would be predicted by adoption of other yield increasing techniques such as the selection of high yielding cultivars (based on currently available cultivars) or by growing wheat in favourable climates.

RESPONSE OF AGRONOMIC AND BARLEY QUALITY TRAITS TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES F. McGUIRE ◽  
E. A. HOCKETT ◽  
D. M. WESENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Malting and non-malting barleys fertilized with nitrogen were evaluated for qualitative kernel properties, agronomic performance, cultivar-treatment interactions, and the relationship between malt quality and agronomic performance. Sixty-seven kilograms per hectare of N increased the mean yield of five barley cultivars by 38 and 44% over the checks at Ft. Ellis in 1971 (environment 3) and 1973 (environment 4), respectively; 50 kg/ha of N increased yields over the checks at Aberdeen by 8% in both 1971 (environment 1) and 1973 (environment 2). Doubling the rates at either location did not increase yields further. Nitrogen treatments delayed heading dates at Ft. Ellis in 1971 and height of plants increased at Ft. Ellis but not at Aberdeen. Nitrogen increased barley diastatic power (DP), but decreased barley extracts. Barley protein percent increased significantly with each increment of applied N. A differential response of cultivars to applied N resulted in interactions for barley DP and percent protein. Cultivars × environments interacted for grain yield, heading date, barley DP, barley extract, and grain protein content. Nitrogen rates interacted with environment for plant height, barley extract, and grain protein content. Forty-six of 65 simple correlations between malting and agronomic or kernel traits were significant.

An evaluation of barley accessions for adaptation to the cereal growing regions of Western Australia, based on time to ear emergence

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Young ◽  
GA Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Rainfall Region ◽  
Western Australian

Ear emergence was measured on a wide range of barley accessions for a number of sowing dates in contrasting environments of the Western Australian cereal-growing regions to determine suitable types for (i) early sowing in the low (<400 mm per annum) regions and (ii) barley production in the high rainfall (>450 mm per annum) regions. Accessions were classified into nine groups via cluster analysis using the time to ear emergence at four sites and a range of sowing dates. Australian cultivars were members of the three groups with the shortest mean time to ear emergence, and, on the basis of an optimum time to ear emergence at each site, were shown to be well adapted to a wide range of sowing times and sites. Members of only one other group showed an acceptable level of adaptation across sites and sowing dates, members of the other five groups being suited to early or very early sowings in the high rainfall region only.

The shifting influence of future water and temperature stress on the optimal flowering period for wheat in Western Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 139707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Puyu Feng ◽  
Hongtao Xing ◽  
Andrew L. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Flowering Period

Production practices in Western Australia for wheats suitable for white, salted noodles

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
G. B. Crosbie ◽  
W. J. Lambe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
The South ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Grass Weed

Wheat cultivars acceptable for the Noodle wheat segregation in Western Australia were compared with cultivars suitable for the Australian Standard White (ASW) grade over the period 1989–93. Yield and grain quality responses to sowing time, nitrogen fertiliser, soil type, and cropping history were examined to determine management practices most likely to result in wheat grain suitable for the production of white, salted noodles. Thirty experiments were conducted in the 300–450 mm average annual rainfall zone between Three Springs in the north (approx. 29° 30′S) and Newdegate in the south (approx. 33°10′S). The ASW cultivars, Spear, Kulin, and Reeves, outyielded the Noodle cultivars, Gamenya and Eradu, by 8–10% on average, but the yield difference was less at later sowings. The optimum sowing time was early May for most cultivars. The new cultivars, Cadoux (Noodle) and Tammin (potential Noodle, but classiffied General Purpose), tested in 1992 and 1993 in 12 experiments showed an optimum sowing time of late May, as did other midseason cultivars. Grain yields of May-sown crops were increased by 13 kg for every 1 kg of nitrogen applied, compared with 3 : 1 for June-sown crops. Previous legume history of the site and grass weed control in the crop also influenced the grain protein percentage. It was concluded that adoption of production guidelines that include sowing at, or near, the break of the season with about 40 kg/ha of nitrogen fertiliser, a rotation that includes 2-3 years of legume crop or pasture in the previous 5 years, and adequate grass weed control will result in an excellent chance (>80%) of producing grain proteins within the receival standards for the Noodle grade. Flour swelling volume (FSV), an indicator of noodle eating quality, was negatively correlated (not always significantly at P = 0·05) with grain protein percentage in 7 out of 8 experiments. FSV values were larger from sites located in the south of the study area and this appeared to be independent of protein and time-of-sowing effects. Small grain sievings (<2 mm) were increased by sowing after the end of May, especially in the longer season cultivars.

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