Recovery of pasture seed ingested by ruminants. 3. The effects of the amount of seed in the diet and of diet quality on seed recovery from sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones ◽  
Neto M Simao
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Bahia Grass

We determined how the recovery, rate of passage and viability of pasture seeds fed to sheep were affected by the quality of the associated diet and by the proportion of seeds in the diet. Penned sheep were fed basal diets of low (45%), medium (60%) and high digestibility (70%). A proportion of each diet (20%) was milled, and on 1 day half of the milled feed was replaced by a mixture of seeds of carpet grass (Axonopus afinis), Pensacola Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), Kenya white clover (Trifolium semipilosum) cv. Safari and shrubby stylo (S. scabra) cv. Seca. Seed was fed at 3 levels; 12 000, 18 000 and 24 000 seeds of each species. Faeces were collected for 5 days after feeding the seed and germination tests carried out on seed washed out from the faeces. The proportion of seed in the diet had no effect on percentage seed recovery or on the viability of recovered seed. However, only 10% of ingested seed was recovered with the low quality diet, compared with 28% with the medium and high quality diets. Less Seca seed was still in pods with the low quality diet (6%) than with the medium and high quality diets (11%).

scholarly journals Sheep productivity in an Astrebla grassland of south-west Queensland.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Orr ◽  
CJ Evenson ◽  
DJ Jordan ◽  
PS Bowly ◽  
KJ Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
South West ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Survival And Growth

A grazing study conducted between 1979 and 1983 assessed the seasonal trends of ewe productivity in Astrebla grassland in south- western Queensland. This study was designed originally to compare productivity on two pastures with different compositions, however, these differences in pastures composition were not achieved. Large differences in liveweight, wool growth and reproductive performance occurred between years in response to differences in pasture growth resulting from large variation in the seasonal incidence of rainfall. Rainfall effective for plant growth, both forbs and grasses, resulted in a high quality diet which resulted, in turn, in increased sheep productivity. Reproductive performance was particularly sensitive to the quality of the ewes diet around the time of lambing through the effect of diet quality on lamb survival and growth rate. It is suggested that the effect of rainfall on reproductive performance is pasture.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Is Associated with a High Newborn Size and Reduction in the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age in a Group of Mexican Pregnant Women: An Observational Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
María A. Reyes-López. ◽  
Carla P. González-Leyva ◽  
Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Eloisa Colin-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Newborn Size

A high-quality diet during pregnancy may have positive effects on fetal growth and nutritional status at birth, and it may modify the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and newborn nutritional status in a group of pregnant Mexican women. As part of the ongoing Mexican prospective cohort study, OBESO, we studied 226 healthy pregnant women. We adapted the Alternated Healthy Eating Index-2010 for pregnancy (AHEI-10P). The association between maternal diet and newborn nutritional status was investigated by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. We applied three 24-h recalls during the second half of gestation. As the AHEI-10P score improved by 5 units, the birth weight and length increased (β = 74.8 ± 35.0 g and β = 0.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27–0.82 and OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.85, respectively). In women without preeclampsia and/or GDM, the risk of stunting decreased as the diet quality score increased (+5 units) (OR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.40–0.96). A high-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with a higher newborn size and a reduced risk of LBW and SGA in this group of pregnant Mexican women.

scholarly journals Influences on the diet quality of pre-school children: importance of maternal psychological characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2001-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Jarman ◽  
Hazel M Inskip ◽  
Georgia Ntani ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Janis Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Mealtime Environment

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that maternal psychological profiles relate to children’s quality of diet.DesignCross-sectional study. Mothers provided information on their health-related psychological factors and aspects of their child’s mealtime environment. Children’s diet quality was assessed using an FFQ from which weekly intakes of foods and a diet Z-score were calculated. A high score described children with a better quality diet. Cluster analysis was performed to assess grouping of mothers based on psychological factors. Mealtime characteristics, describing how often children ate while sitting at a table or in front of the television, their frequency of takeaway food consumption, maternal covert control and food security, and children’s quality of diet were examined, according to mothers’ cluster membership.SubjectsMother–child pairs (n 324) in the Southampton Initiative for Health. Children were aged 2–5 years.SettingHampshire, UK.ResultsTwo main clusters were identified. Mothers in cluster 1 had significantly higher scores for all psychological factors than mothers in cluster 2 (all P<0·001). Clusters were termed ‘more resilient’ and ‘less resilient’, respectively. Children of mothers in the less resilient cluster ate meals sitting at a table less often (P=0·03) and watched more television (P=0·01). These children had significantly poorer-quality diets (β=−0·61, 95 % CI −0·82, −0·40, P≤0·001). This association was attenuated, but remained significant after controlling for confounding factors that included maternal education and home/mealtime characteristics (P=0·006).ConclusionsThe study suggests that mothers should be offered psychological support as part of interventions to improve children’s quality of diet.

Zebra finch nestlings beg more under better nutritional conditions

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (11-13) ◽  
pp. 1239-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tobias Krause ◽  
Mariam Honarmand ◽  
Marc Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Begging Behaviour ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Food

Abstract Providing parental care involves costs for the parents when investing resources such as food and time to raise their offspring. In many species, offspring communicate their need by begging signals which often are linked to their physiological condition but also may be affected by the expectation they may develop depending on previous parental behaviour. To test whether or not offspring begging is affected by the food quality to which parents have access, we experimentally manipulated the early nutritional conditions of zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) nestlings by providing the parents with either a low or a high quality diet. We expected that lower early nutritional conditions increase begging behaviour resulting from a presumed higher nestling need. Yet, the experiments revealed that broods of nestlings begged more intensely when they were raised on a high compared to a low quality diet. Nestlings raised under high quality food conditions may have a higher begging intensity due to their higher need associated with a fast growth trajectory. Likewise, lower begging intensity by nestlings raised on low quality food might result from a general delay in development, or nestlings adjusted their begging to behavioural adjustments made by parents as a response to the different diets. These findings highlight that begging signals can be affected by a complex set of factors and expands the classical view of signalling need. Begging call rates can increase with offspring condition and with their expectations about the quality of food that can be provided by the parents.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Affects the Association between Census-Based Neighborhood Deprivation and All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Kurotani ◽  
Kaori Honjo ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
Ai Noda ◽  
Tetsuya Mizoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Deprived Areas

Individuals residing in more deprived areas have a lower diet quality. While several studies have shown that individuals with a lower diet quality have a higher mortality risk, a low quality diet might also lead to poor health in highly deprived areas. We aimed to examine the association between deprivation within an area and all-cause mortality risk according to diet quality. Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective study on 27994 men and 33273 women aged 45&ndash;75 years. Neighborhood deprivation was assessed using the Japanese areal deprivation index (ADI). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Subsequently, Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores were calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality were calculated according to tertiles of ADI by diet quality score. Results: Individuals residing in the most deprived area had the lowest dietary scores. During the 16.7-year follow-up, compared to individuals with a high quality diet residing in the least deprived area, individuals with a low quality diet had a higher risk of mortality according to increment of ADI (P trend = 0.02); the multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) was 1.07 (1.00-1.15), 1.15 (1.07-1.24), and 1.18 (1.08-1.29) in those residing in the lowest through the highest third of ADI, respectively. However, individuals with a high quality diet had no significant association between ADI and mortality (P trend =0.87). Conclusion: A well-balanced diet may prevent early death associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status among those residing in highly deprived areas.

Diet quality affects the cashmere production and liveweight of Western Australian cashmere goats

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Johnson ◽  
SG Gherardi ◽  
S Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Western Australian

Young cashmere bucks (n = 113; offspring of mating of domesticated mainland feral does with commercial mainland, Bernier, and Faure Island bucks) were offered a high protein-high energy pelleted diet of lucerne chaff, lupin seed, and barley grain [crude protein, 202 kg; dry matter (DM) solubility, 75.0%] or a low protein-low energy diet of oaten chaff and oat grain (crude protein, 71 kg; DM solubility, 59.6%) ad libitum in groups (n = 4-8) from 14 January to 17 December 1987. Intakes and liveweight gains were measured for January-April, May-July, and August-December. Total fibre and cashmere production (weight, fibre diameter, yield) were recorded at shearing in June, October, and December. Faure bucks produced 34 and 64% more (P<0.05) cashmere on the high, than the low, quality diet at shearings in June and December, respectively; Bernier bucks produced twice as much (P<0.05) cashmere on the high quality diet at the October shearing. Mainland bucks produced similar amounts of cashmere on both diets at each shearing. The fibre produced on the high quality diet had a lower yield of cashmere and the cashmere had a greater diameter at shearings in June (26.0 v. 41.1% w/w, 16.7 v. 15.8 pm; both P<0.001) and December (22.1 v. 27.0% w/w, P<0.05; 16.9 v. 16.4 pm, P<0.01). The cashmere produced by Faure bucks was, on average, 1.0 pm coarser than that of the mainland and Bernier bucks at each shearing. Liveweights of bucks followed a seasonal pattern and increased at a faster rate in January-April and August-December than in May-July. Liveweight gains adjusted for body sizes were greater (P<0.001) for bucks on the high, than the low, quality diet in January-April (2.85 v. 1.71 g/kg LW0.75.day) and, conversely, lower (P<0.05) in August-December (1.49 v. 1.69 g/kg LW0.75.day) . Liveweight gains of all 3 genotypes adjusted for body sizes were markedly lower (P<0.05) in May-July, irrespective of diet (0.75 and 0.55 g/kg LW0.75.day for the high and low quality diet, respectively), with the exception of Bernier bucks on the high quality diet (1.67 g/kg LW0.75.day). The lower liveweight gains were not associated with decreases in the intakes of the diets. These results indicate that diet quality affects cashmere production and growth of Western Australian cashmere goats.

scholarly journals Is Sexual Dimorphism in the Immune Response of Gryllodes sigillatus Related to the Quality of Diet?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Galicia ◽  
Raúl Cueva del Castillo ◽  
Jorge Contreras-Garduño
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Adult Phase ◽  
Quality Diet

Whereas some authors have proposed that sexual dimorphism in the immune response is fixed, others pose that it is dynamic and depends on diet. The aim of the present study was to explore the second hypothesis. Immunocompetence differences between females and males can be linked to resource availability. We tested this idea by providing a low or high quality diet to two groups of Gryllodes sigilatus during their developmental period. Then, at the adult phase half of each group was challenged with LPS from Serratia marcescens. The size, phenol oxidase (PO), and lytic activity were compared between groups according to diet, sex, and immune challenge. Results show that diet quality favor size in both sexes. However, the overall immune response did not seem to be significantly different based on diet, but instead on sex. Females showed greater phenol oxidase levels than males, but the opposite was found with lytic activity. Perhaps in G. sigillatus the differences in the pathogens commonly confronted by each sex in the distinct habitat of each could explain the differences on PO and lytic activity.

scholarly journals Diet Quality and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Risk: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Assessment of Evidence Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Sara Moazzen ◽  
Kimberley W. J. van der Sloot ◽  
Roel J. Vonk ◽  
Geertruida H. de Bock ◽  
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

We aimed to assess the effect of a high-quality diet on the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and to evaluate the overall quality of our findings by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and the references of related articles to February 2020. Two reviewers independently retrieved the data and performed the quality assessments. We defined the highest-quality diet as that with the lowest Diet Inflammatory Index category and the highest Mediterranean Diet Score category. Overall odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for upper gastrointestinal cancer risk comparing the highest- versus lowest-diet quality. A random-effects meta-analysis was then applied with Review Manager, and the quality of the overall findings was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The highest-quality diets were significantly associated with reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers, achieving odds ratios of 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.72) for the Diet Inflammatory Index, pooling the findings from nine studies, and 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.88) for the Mediterranean Diet Score, pooling the findings from 11 studies. We observed a minimum of 69% heterogeneity in the pooled results. The pooled results were graded as low quality of evidence. Although it may be possible to offer evidence-based general dietary advice for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal cancers, the evidence is currently of insufficient quality to develop dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals A Plant-Centered Diet and Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in 20 Years of Follow-Up: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1388-1388
Author(s):  
Yuni Choi ◽  
David Jacobs ◽  
Haitao Chu ◽  
Daniel Duprez ◽  
Daniel Gallaher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet

Abstract Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem in young adults and may be associated with dietary patterns. We examined the association of a plant-centered diet with incident moderate-to-very high risk CKD in young adults who were initially free of CKD. Methods We followed 3026 community-based participants (Black and White men and women) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort (1985–86 to 2015–16). Diet was assessed by an interviewer-administered diet history at exam years (Y) 0, 7, and 20. Higher plant-centered diet quality was judged by higher cumulative average value of the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS, range 0–132), a hypothesis-driven index based on 46 food groups. A higher APDQS is characterized by high consumption of nutritionally rich plant foods and limited meat, added sugars, and other less nutritious foods. Kidney status, assessed at 5-year intervals from Y10 to Y30, was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using CKD-EPI creatinine equation and spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). CKD diagnosis included new onset of micro- or macro-albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g), eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73m,2, or (hospitalized or fatal) end stage renal disease. Prevalent CKD cases throughout Y10 were excluded. Proportional hazards regression estimated the association of time-varying cumulative average APDQS with incident CKD, adjusted for age, sex, race, education, energy intake, % energy from protein, physical activity, and smoking. Results Mean Y10 age was 35.1 y (±3.6 y) and mean cumulative average APDQS was 65.0 (±11.4). We identified 358 incident CKD cases (59 of whom were severe cases) during mean follow-up of 17.7 years (±4.4) after Y10. Eating a plant-centered, high quality diet was associated with a lower risk of incident CKD. In multivariable analysis, participants in the highest quintile of the APDQS had 37% (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.97) lower risk of CKD as compared with those in the lowest quintile of the APDQS. For each 11-point increment in APDQS, there was 15% lower risk of CKD (0.74–0.97). The association remained similar after further adjustment for prevalent cases of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions A plant-centered, high quality diet was associated with a lower risk of developing CKD. Funding Sources CARDIA and MnDRIVE (University of Minnesota).

scholarly journals The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I): is it a useful tool to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet?

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep A. Tur ◽  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
Antoni Pons
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

The aim of this study was to assess whether the recently developed Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) could be used to evaluate diet quality of a Mediterranean population. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands (Spain) between 1999 and 2000. Dietary information (replicated 24 h recall and a food frequency questionnaire), and socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected from a representative sample of the population (n 1200: 498 males and 702 females) aged 16–65 years (response rate 77·22 %). The DQI-I was developed according to the method defined by Kim et al. (2003), and focused on four major aspects of a high-quality diet (variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance). The percentage of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) was also calculated and correlation analysis was carried out between the DQI-I score and the percentage of adherence to the MDP. The total score of the DQI-I reached 43 % of the possible score, indicating that the Balearic diet was a poor-quality diet. Correlation analysis between the DQI-I scores and adherence to the MDP showed that the DQI-I subcategories protein, iron and calcium adequacy were negatively correlated with the MDP. Furthermore, moderation in empty calorie food consumption and overall balance subcategories were not significantly correlated with the MDP. Due to some methodological factors and cultural biases, the proposed DQI-I scoring system is not useful to evaluate the quality of this Mediterranean-type diet. Further research is needed to develop a new diet quality index adapted to the MDP.

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