scholarly journals Diet Quality and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers Risk: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Assessment of Evidence Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Sara Moazzen ◽  
Kimberley W. J. van der Sloot ◽  
Roel J. Vonk ◽  
Geertruida H. de Bock ◽  
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

We aimed to assess the effect of a high-quality diet on the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and to evaluate the overall quality of our findings by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and the references of related articles to February 2020. Two reviewers independently retrieved the data and performed the quality assessments. We defined the highest-quality diet as that with the lowest Diet Inflammatory Index category and the highest Mediterranean Diet Score category. Overall odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for upper gastrointestinal cancer risk comparing the highest- versus lowest-diet quality. A random-effects meta-analysis was then applied with Review Manager, and the quality of the overall findings was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The highest-quality diets were significantly associated with reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers, achieving odds ratios of 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.72) for the Diet Inflammatory Index, pooling the findings from nine studies, and 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.88) for the Mediterranean Diet Score, pooling the findings from 11 studies. We observed a minimum of 69% heterogeneity in the pooled results. The pooled results were graded as low quality of evidence. Although it may be possible to offer evidence-based general dietary advice for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal cancers, the evidence is currently of insufficient quality to develop dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals The association of diet quality and lifestyle factors in children and adults with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Papanastasiou ◽  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Pantelis Papanastasiou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quality Diet

Eating habits of individuals with learning and behavioral difficulties is an important and emerging area of ​​nutrition expertise. An unhealthy diet, combined with limited physical activity, is linked with an increased risk of chronic diseases and a lower quality of life. The study aims to review in a systematic way evidence on: (a) the relationship between diet quality and ADHD; and (b) the effect of three lifestyle factors, physical activity, quality of sleep, and stress on children and adults with ADHD. In December 2020, we searched for relevant articles in PubMed and Scopus. The studies included were those that assessed diet, physical activity, sleep, and stress, of children and adults with ADHD. We identified a total of eighteen studies with an invasive and observational approach that matched our research criteria. Fourteen of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that a high-diet quality decreases the prevalence of ADHD in children (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.70), while a poor diet quality is associated with an increased risk of ADHD in both children and adults (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.49-3.65). Also, a poor lifestyle indicates a higher prevalence of ADHD in both children and adults (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.43-2.61). This study is limited to its ability to extract data from some of the included studies while sampling was limited due to the absence of studies in adults with ADHD. The present study suggests that a high-quality diet with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fish, may be protective against ADHD in children. On top of that, a poor-quality diet with higher consumption of sugar, sweetened drinks, and junk food, as well as a lifestyle that is characterized by reduced sleep and physical activity can be associated with increased risk of ADHD, for both children and adults. The current domain needs more experimental data

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci: A Meta-analysis

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-473
Author(s):  
Bruno Goffinet ◽  
Sophie Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Akaike Criterion ◽  
Using Data

Abstract This article presents a method to combine QTL results from different independent analyses. This method provides a modified Akaike criterion that can be used to decide how many QTL are actually represented by the QTL detected in different experiments. This criterion is computed to choose between models with one, two, three, etc., QTL. Simulations are carried out to investigate the quality of the model obtained with this method in various situations. It appears that the method allows the length of the confidence interval of QTL location to be consistently reduced when there are only very few “actual” QTL locations. An application of the method is given using data from the maize database available online at http://www.agron.missouri.edu/.

Effects of electromyographic biofeedback interventions for shoulder pain and function: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552199095
Author(s):  
Danilo Harudy Kamonseki ◽  
Letícia Bojikian Calixtre ◽  
Rodrigo Py Gonçalves Barreto ◽  
Paula Rezende Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Electromyographic Biofeedback ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Function

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback interventions to improve pain and function of patients with shoulder pain. Design: Systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Literature search: Databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS) were searched in December 2020. Study selection criteria: Randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of electromyographic biofeedback for individuals with shoulder pain. Patient-reported pain and functional outcomes were collected and synthesized. Data synthesis: The level of evidence was synthesized using GRADE and Standardized Mean Differences and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effects inverse variance model for meta-analysis. Results: Five studies were included with a total sample of 272 individuals with shoulder pain. Very-low quality of evidence indicated that electromyographic biofeedback was not superior to control for reducing shoulder pain (standardized mean differences = −0.21, 95% confidence interval: −0.67 to 0.24, P = 0.36). Very-low quality of evidence indicated that electromyographic biofeedback interventions were not superior to control for improving shoulder function (standardized mean differences = −0.11, 95% confidence interval: −0.41 to 0.19, P = 0.48). Conclusion: Electromyographic biofeedback may be not effective for improving shoulder pain and function. However, the limited number of included studies and very low quality of evidence does not support a definitive recommendation about the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback to treat individuals with shoulder pain.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Using Acupressure to Promote the Health of Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Chin Chen ◽  
Li-Yen Yang ◽  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Hui-Fen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moderate Effect

Acupressure is noninvasive, safe, and appropriate for use among older adults. However, there remains little evidence of the common elements that contribute to the effectiveness of acupressure in promoting the health of older adults. A systematic review using meta-analysis was designed to examine the effects of acupressure on the health promotion in older adults. Studies published between 2012 and 2017 were searched for in 11 electronic databases. Acupressure was highly effective for improving sleep quality and cognitive functioning (0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.49, 1.22]; 1.23, 95% CI = [0.88, 1.59]). A slight to moderate effect was found in alleviating constipation (0.37, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.71]), and a moderate effect was found for alleviating pain and improving quality of life (0.71, 95% CI = [0.09, 1.32]; 0.59 95% CI = [0.36, 0.82]).

scholarly journals Lower Risk of Recurrence After Mesh Repair Versus Non-Mesh Sutured Repair in Open Umbilical Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bisgaard ◽  
R. Kaufmann ◽  
M. W. Christoffersen ◽  
P. Strandfelt ◽  
L. L. Gluud
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Mesh Repair ◽  
Umbilical Hernia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background and Aims: The use of mesh repair in a small- or middle-sized umbilical hernia remains controversial, and evidence is based on only few and small heterogeneous randomized trials. The primary aim was to assess differences, if any, in recurrence (clinical and reoperation), and secondary aim was to assess differences in infections, seroma formation, hematomas, chronic pain, cosmetic result, and quality of life. Method: A systematic review (predefined search strategy) and meta-analyses were conducted based on pre-study strict and well-defined methodology. The literature search was completed on 1 January 2018. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Results: Five randomized controlled trials were identified (mesh repair, n = 326 versus non-mesh sutured repair, n = 330) and 602 records were excluded. Randomized controlled trials included patients with defect diameters of ⩾1 to 4 cm. Mesh repair reduced the risk of recurrence compared with sutured repair with a relative risk of 0.28 (95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.58, I2 = 0%, number needed to treat = 13 patients). Additional analyses found no differences between the two surgical techniques regarding infection (relative risk = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.36–1.79), seroma formation (relative risk = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.57–3.32), or hematomas (relative risk = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = 0.23–1.30). Lack of sufficient data precluded meta-analysis evaluating risk of seroma formation, hematomas, chronic pain, cosmetic result, and quality of life. Conclusion: Mesh repair is recommended for umbilical hernia of ⩾1 to 4 cm. More evidence is needed for the optimal placement of the mesh (sublay or onlay) and the role of mesh in patients with an umbilical hernia <1 cm.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between periodontitis and oral high-risk human papillomavirus infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ali ◽  
Zohra S Lassi ◽  
Kostas Kapellas ◽  
Lisa Jamieson ◽  
Alice R Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) is increasing globally. Common oral conditions such as periodontitis may contribute. We undertook a meta-analysis to quantify the association between periodontitis, oral HPV and OPSCCs. Methods Multiple electronic databases were searched until 12 February 2020. Studies conducted in males and/or females aged ≥ 18 years that examined periodontitis, periodontal procedures, oral HPV infection, and where possible, oral cancers, were eligible. Meta-analyses were conducted and the GRADE approach was used to examine the quality of evidence. Results Of 2709 studies identified, 13 met the eligibility criteria. Five studies could be included in the meta-analyses. There was no significant increase in the odds of high-risk oral HPV infection among individuals with confirmed periodontitis (odds ratio 4.71, 95% confidence interval 0.57–38.97). Individuals with periodontitis had a 3.65 times higher odds of having any type of oral HPV infection compared with those without periodontitis (95% confidence interval 1.67–8.01). The overall body of evidence was rated as low to very-low certainty. Conclusion Meta-analysis confirms there is a positive association between periodontitis and oral HPV infection, although the overall quality of this evidence is low. Evidence for an association between periodontitis and high-risk oral HPV infection is inconclusive.

scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life in Athletes: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan N. Houston ◽  
Matthew C. Hoch ◽  
Johanna M. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of

Context: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after injury is important. Differences in HRQOL between nonathletes and athletes and between injured and uninjured athletes have been demonstrated; however, the evidence has not been synthesized. Objective: To answer the following questions: (1) Does HRQOL differ among adolescent and collegiate athletes and nonathletes? (2) Does HRQOL differ between injured adolescent and collegiate athletes or between athletes with a history of injury and uninjured athletes or those without a history of injury? Data Sources: We systematically searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed. A hand search of references was also conducted. Study Selection: Studies were included if they used generic instruments to compare HRQOL outcomes between athletes and nonathletes and between uninjured and injured athletes. Studies were excluded if they did not use a generic instrument, pertained to instrument development, or included retired athletes or athletes with a chronic disease. Data Extraction: We assessed study quality using the modified Downs and Black Index Tool. Bias-corrected Hedges g effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was used to determine the overall strength of the recommendation. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for all studies using the composite or total score. Data Synthesis: Eight studies with modified Downs and Black scores ranging from 70.6% to 88.4% were included. For question 1, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was weak (effect size = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.40; P &lt; .001). For question 2, the overall random-effects meta-analysis was moderate (effect size = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.42, 0.95; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: Grade A evidence indicates that athletes reported better HRQOL than nonathletes and that uninjured athletes reported better HRQOL than injured athletes. However, the overall effect for question 1 was weak, suggesting that the differences between athletes and nonathletes may not be clinically meaningful. Clinicians should monitor HRQOL after injury to ensure that all dimensions of health are appropriately treated.

scholarly journals Clinical determinants associated with quality of life for people who live with HIV/AIDS: a Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Ghiasvand ◽  
Katherine M. Waye ◽  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background During recent years, Quality of Life (QoL) is a significant assessment factor in clinical trials and epidemiological researches due to the advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a manageable,chronic disease. With regards, more attention must be paid to the QoL of infected patients. Limited evidence exists on the impact of ART on QoL among HIV infected patients. Due to lacking of a systematic approach to summarizing the available evidence on the clinical determinants of People Who Live with HIV/AIDS (PWLHs’) QoL, this study aimed to analyze the impact of clinical determinants (ART experience, CD4 count < 200, co-morbidities, time diagnosis and accessibility to cares) on QoL among PWLHs’. Methods This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched in February 2017 to identify all past studies that discussed social and behavioral characteristics of QoL in PLWHA. To recognize effective factors on social and behavioral QoL, a meta-analysis was conducted. Polled Odds Ratios (ORs) were utilized at a 95% confidence level. Since sampling methods differed between articles in the systematic review, we evaluated pooled estimates using a random effect model. Metan, metareg, metacum, and metabias commands in STATA version 13.0 were applied to analyze the data. Results Our findings indicated that ART has a positive impact on QoL, with a pooled effect size at approximately 1.04 with a confidence interval between 0.42 to 1.66 which indicates this impact is not very considerable and may be relatively neutral. The pooled effect size for CD4 count on QoL was .29 (95%CI = .22–.35), indicating that there is a negative associate between CD4 count and QoL. The co-morbidity as a negative determinant for QoL among HIV/AIDS infected people. The pooled effect size implies on a relative neutral association, although the confidence interval is wide and ranges between 0.32 to 1.58. The pooled effect size is about 1.82 with confidence interval 1.27 to 2.37 which indicates a considerable positive association with lowest level of heterogeneity. Conclusions The results illustrated that time diagnosing and availability to hospital services had significant relationship with a higher QoL and CD4 < 200 was associated with a lower QoL. In conclusion, policy makers should set an agenda setting to provide a suitable diagnostic and therapeutic facilities to early detecting and continues monitoring the health status of People Who Live with HIV/AIDS (PWLHs’).

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