scholarly journals Optimization of Controlled Water and Nitrogen Fertigation on Greenhouse Culture ofCapsicum annuum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Youzhen Xiang ◽  
Haiyang Zou ◽  
Fucang Zhang ◽  
You Wu ◽  
Shicheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Combination Treatments

This study investigated the effects of different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen levels on the growth of greenhouse sweet peppers, assessing yield, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN). By using controlled drip irrigation, the optimal conditions for efficient, large-scale, high-yield, and high quality production of sweet peppers in Northwest China were determined. Using the local conventional irrigation and nitrogen regime as a control (105% ET0, N: 300 kg·hm−2), three alternative irrigation levels were also tested, at 90%, 75%, and 60% ET0. These were combined with nitrogen levels at 100%, as the control, and 75%, 50%, and 25%, resulting in 16 combination treatments. The results show that different supplies of water and nitrogen nutrition had a significant impact on the growth, yield, WUE, PFPN, and quality of fruit. The treatments of W0.90N0.75, W0.90N0.50, W0.75N0.75, and W0.75N0.50can better maintain the “source-sink” relationship of peppers. They increased the economic yield, WUE, and PFPN. A principal component analysis was performed to evaluate indicators of fruit quality, revealing that the treatment of W0.75N0.50resulted in the best fruit quality. For greenhouse sweet peppers produced in Northwest China, the combination of W0.90N0.75resulted in the highest economic yield of 34.85 kg·hm−2. The combination of W0.75N0.75had the highest WUE of 16.50 kg·m−3. The W0.75N0.50combination treatment had the highest fruit quality score. For sustainable ecological development and in view of limited water resources in the area, we recommend the W0.75N0.50combination treatment, since it could obtain the optimal fruit quality, while its economic yield and WUE were 9% and 4% less than the maximum, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of water and nitrogen during production of greenhouse sweet peppers in Northwest China.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Precipitation Variability over Northwest China Inferred from Tree Rings

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 3457-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyan Fang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Fahu Chen ◽  
Edward Cook ◽  
Jinbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Precipitation Reconstruction ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
Instrumental Records

Abstract A preliminary study of a point-by-point spatial precipitation reconstruction for northwestern (NW) China is explored, based on a tree-ring network of 132 chronologies. Precipitation variations during the past ~200–400 yr (the common reconstruction period is from 1802 to 1990) are reconstructed for 26 stations in NW China from a nationwide 160-station dataset. The authors introduce a “search spatial correlation contour” method to locate candidate tree-ring predictors for the reconstruction data of a given climate station. Calibration and verification results indicate that most precipitation reconstruction models are acceptable, except for a few reconstructions (stations Hetian, Hami, Jiuquan, and Wuwei) with degraded quality. Additionally, the authors compare four spatial precipitation factors in the instrumental records and reconstructions derived from a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA). The northern and southern Xinjiang factors from the instrumental and reconstructed data agree well with each other. However, differences in spatial patterns between the instrumentation and reconstruction data are also found for the other two factors, which probably result from the relatively poor quality of a few stations. Major drought events documented in previous studies—for example, from the 1920s through the 1930s for the eastern part of NW China—are reconstructed in this study.

Growth, yield, and fruit quality in a factorial field experiment with citrus in relation to changes in phosphorus nutrition

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Yield And Quality

Changes in growth, yield, and fruit quality of citrus in a factorial field experiment are presented. Nitrogen fertilization in the sod treatment had only limited effects on yield. After the application of superphosphate, yields at the higher nitrogen levels increased markedly. The initially superior yields from the bare surface treatment decreased gradually, and became at the highest nitrogen level even lower than in the tilled treatments. After application of superphosphate, yields improved in the plots receiving ample nitrogen and became even higher than in the tilled treatments. Yields in the tilled treatments remained good, and were not influenced by nitrogen fertilization. Fruit quality in the no-tillage treatments improved considerably after the application of superphosphate. Increasing nitrogen supply, however, had a depressing effect on fruit quality in all cultural treatment's, but within each nitrogen level the fruit was of similar quality. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of leaves sampled in 1954 and 1957 are compared, and the changes in yield and quality that occurred during that period are discussed in relation to the modified phosphorus supply in the experiment.

The effect of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield, fruit quality and leaf analysis of Imperial mandarins

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Inverse Pattern ◽  
Annual Application

A potassium and nitrogen nutrition trial with Imperial mandarins was conducted for four years at Gayndah in south-eastern Queensland with the following results. Annual applications of 0.5 or 2.0 kg potassium/tree increased average yields by 12.3 and 22.2%, respectively, over those of the nil control, which yielded an average of 163 kg fruit/tree.year. Fruit diameter and rind thickness were also increased and fruit colour development was hastened by the applied potassium. Average leaf levels of potassium resulting from the 0,0.5 and 2.0 kg treatments were 0.85, 0.93, and 1.35% in non-fruiting terminals and 0.40, 0.44 and 0.77% in fruiting terminals. The potassium levels in non-fruiting terminals fluctuated from year to year in an inverse pattern to the alternate yield pattern whereas the levels in fruiting terminals remained stable. With an annual application of 0.4 kg nitrogen/tree average leaf nitrogen levels were 2.83% in non-fruiting terminals and 2.32% in fruiting terminals. At 0.7 kg nitrogen/tree both these figures were increased by 0.11% but there was no effect on yield or fruit quality. When the nitrogen was applied in two dressings in winter, yield was 9% greater than when the same quantity was applied in spring-summer.

scholarly journals Rootstock’s and scion’s impact on lemon quality in southeast Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Maria R. Martinez-Cuenca ◽  
Ricardo Bellver ◽  
María Á. Forner-Giner
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Standard Tree

Abstract In terms of growth, yield and fruit quality, three lemon varieties (‘Fino49’ F49, ‘Verna50’ V50 and ‘FinoElche’ FE) were tested on three new hybrid root stock selections (Forner-Alcaide 2324, Forner-Alcaide 418 and Forner-Alcaide 5). Yield was weighed within a nine year period and fruit quality was determined in two harvests. Tree size was similar on the Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 2324 rootstocks, but reduced by 50% on Forner-Alcaide 418. Forner-Alcaide 2324 and the Forner-Alcaide 5 rootstocks showed similar cumulative yield, while it was decreased by 66% in Forner-Alcaide 418. In all cases, ‘Verna50’ was the less efficient scion. Rootstock was found to significantly affect fruit quality variables. The Forner-Alcaide 418 rootstock induced the lowest peel thickness and peel percentage, but the highest juice content and colour index. Forner-Alcaide 5, together with Forner-Alcaide 418, showed the highest total soluble sugars. In conclusion, both the Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 2324 rootstocks generate standard tree size and high yield in the varieties tested, together with great fruit quality, being a suitable alternative for replacing C. macrophylla rootstock when used in lemon varieties. Forner-Alcaide 418 reduces tree size without decreasing yield efficiency and improves alternate-bearing of the harvest. Thus, it may have use in intensifying citrus production as it behaves as a dwarfing rootstock.

scholarly journals Improving Growth, Yield, and Quality of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L) by the Application of Moroccan Seaweed-Based Biostimulants under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Abir Mzibra ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Mehdi Khouloud ◽  
Youssef Farrie ◽  
Rachid Boulif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

Background: Seaweed-derived extracts have gained popularity in agriculture as bioproducts with phytostimulatory effects on plant growth and development. Methods: This study assessed the effect of polysaccharide-enriched extracts (PEEs) derived from six Moroccan seaweeds on tomato growth, yield, and fruit quality. PPEs were applied to tomato plants as soil drench in a greenhouse experiment. Growth parameters including plant height (cm) and number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds were recorded every 15 days. Yield and quality parameters of the harvested fruits were also recorded after each harvest. Results: The obtained results showed that all PEEs improved the growth, yield, and fruit quality of treated tomato plants. According to principal component analysis, the presence of SO4, galactose, glucose, and maltose in the characterized polysaccharides was closely associated with their effect on plant growth, yield, and fruit quality parameters. Conclusions: PEEs obtained from Gelidium crinale,Schizymenia dubyi, Fucus spiralis, and Bifurcaria bifurcata exhibited the highest biostimulant effects and could be used as bioproducts for improved tomato yield and fruit nutritional quality.

scholarly journals High yield preparation of outer-membrane protein efflux pumps by in vitro refolding is concentration dependent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jimmy Budiardjo ◽  
Ayotunde Paul Ikujuni ◽  
Emre Firlar ◽  
Andrés Cordova ◽  
Jason T. Kaelber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Membrane Component ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Homologous Protein ◽  
Key Factor

AbstractOverexpression of tripartite efflux pump systems in gram-negative bacteria are a principal component of antibiotic resistance. High-yield purification of the outer membrane component of these systems will enable biochemical and structural interrogation of their mechanisms of action and allow testing of compounds that target them. However, preparation of these proteins is typically hampered by low yields requiring laborious large-scale efforts. If refolding conditions can be found, refolding these proteins from inclusion bodies can lead to increased yields as compared to membrane isolations. Here, we develop a concentration-dependent folding protocol for refolding TolC, the outer membrane component of the antibiotic efflux pump from Escherichia coli. We show that by our method of re-folding, homotrimeric TolC remains folded in SDS-PAGE, retains binding to an endogenous ligand, and recapitulates the known crystal structure by single particle cryoEM analysis. We find that a key factor in successful re-folding is a concentration dependence of TolC oligomerization. We extended the scheme to CmeC, a homologous protein from Campylobacter jejuni, and find that concentration-dependent oligomerization is a general feature of these systems. Because outer-membrane efflux pump components are ubiquitous across gram-negative species, we anticipate that incorporating a concentration step in re-folding protocols will promote correct refolding allowing for reliable, high-yield preparation of this family of proteins.

scholarly journals Tree Size, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Concentration of `Fairchild' Mandarin on Six Rootstock

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
D. Ross Rodney
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

The influence of six rootstock on growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral nutrient concentration of `Fairchild' mandarin [`Clementine' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × `Orlando' tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata)] is reported for the arid climate of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla (Alemow) (C. macrophylla Wester) were precocious and produced high yield 4 years after planting. Six-year cumulative yields of trees on Volkamer lemon (C. limon Burro f.), Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Taiwanica (C. taiwanica Tan. & shin.), and rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) were similar and higher than those of trees on macrophylla and Batangas mandarin (C. reticulata). `Fairchild' mandarin tree canopies were large with Volkamer lemon and Taiwanica; intermediate with Carrizo citrange, rough lemon, and Batangas mandarin; and small with macrophylla rootstock. Fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange had the highest soluble solids concentration (SSC), while those on Volkamer lemon and rough lemon had the lowest SSC and total acids. `Fairchild' trees on macrophylla had higher levels of leaf N, Mn, and Fe but lower Ca, while trees on Batangas mandarin and Carrizo citrange had higher leaf K than those on the other rootstock. Trees on Volkamer lemon had higher leaf Zn than those on Carrizo citrange, Taiwanica, rough lemon, and Batangas mandarin rootstock. Considering yield, growth, fruit quality, and/or leaf nutrient concentration, Volkamer lemon, Carrizo citrange, Taiwanica, and rough lemon are suitable for `Fairchild' mandarin in the arid regions of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla could be advantageous for short-term planting, but would not be satisfactory for long-term planting because of gradual decline in growth and yields. Batangas mandarin is not recommended for `Fairchild' mandarin due to poor production.

scholarly journals Tree Growth and Productivity and Postharvest Fruit Quality in Various Strains of `Delicious' Apple

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
Mark A. Longstroth ◽  
W. Michael Colt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional

Twenty-six strains of `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) were evaluated over several years for growth, yield, and fruit quality at harvest and after 6 months of storage. `August Red', `Rose Red', and `Sharp Red' had larger trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) 3 and 18 years after planting compared to most other strains. `August Red' and `Starking' had larger TCSA and cumulative yield. `Apex,' `Improved Ryan Spur', `Silverspur', `Starkrimson', and `Wellspur' were also among strains with high cumulative yields and yield efficiencies. `Hardi-Brite Spur' and `Red King Oregon Spur' had moderately high yields and small TCSAs, thus, high yield efficiencies. `Atwood', `Hardispur', `Imperial', `Improved Ryanred', `Starkspur Supreme', and `Topred' had low cumulative yields. `Ace' and `Improved Ryanred' had low yield efficiencies. `Ace', `Imperial', `Red King Oregon Spur', `Rose Red', `Starking', and `Wellspur' had heavier fruit, while fruit weight in `August Red', `Hardispur', and `Starkrimson' was lighter than that in most other strains. `Redspur' and `Starkspur Supreme' had the largest length to diameter (L/D) ratios. `Early Red One' had a similar red skin color rating as `Rose Red.' The red skin color rating of `Early Red One' was significantly higher than that of all other strains. `Hi-Early', `Improved Ryanred', `Redspur', and `Starking' had the poorest skin color ratings. `Hardispur', `Nured Royal', `Silverspur', and `Starkrimson' had high soluble solids concentrations (SSCs) at harvest and after storage. `Early Red One', `Imperial', `Improved Ryan Spur', and `Red King Oregon Spur' had lower SSCs at harvest and after storage. Fruit of `Apex' and `Redspur' had relatively high firmness at harvest, while `Hardispur', `Silverspur', `Starkrimson', and `Starkspur Supreme' had firm fruit at harvest and after storage. `Hardi-Brite Spur' had the softest fruit after storage, and fruit from `Rose Red' had a lower firmness than most other strains at harvest and after storage. Considering cumulative yield, yield efficiency, or some quality parameters, `Apex', `Classic Red', `Improved Ryan Spur', `Red King Oregon Spur', `Silverspur', and `Wellspur' had satisfactory overall performance. Strains are also suggested for planting depending on the market situation and the demand for a particular quality factor. `Hardispur' and `Sturdeespur' (Miller) are not recommended for planting under climatic conditions similar to those of this experiment.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application in Root Vegetables from Their Growth, Biochemical and Antioxidant Response to Urea Fertilizer

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Adnan Shakeel ◽  
Abrar Ahmad Khan ◽  
Hesham F. Alharby ◽  
Atif A. Bamagoos ◽  
Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
The Impact

Nitrogen is one of the most influencing inorganic nutrients for improved plant growth and yield in crops. However, excessive fertilizer application may have adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, we strive to investigate in this work by examining the impact of different nitrogen (N) doses in the form of urea (46% N) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic pigment content, nitrate reductase activity, carbohydrate content, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the carrot and beetroot. A pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions with four nitrogen levels as basal treatment (Control = Nil N, U50 = 145.57 mg/kg N; U100 = 291.14 mg/kg N; U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N; U200 = 582.28 mg/kg N). Results found that U150 (436.71 mg/kg N) is the optimum N fertilizer dose at which significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in all the growth, yield and biochemical attributes of carrot and beetroot were observed. However, the further increment in N doses did not affect the observed parameters and, therefore, excessive N level was observed beyond U150 = 436.71 mg/kg N. The principal component analysis presented significant correlations among the various parameters observed. Two principal components account for a total of 98.86% variance (PC1 =  92.96%; PC2 =  5.90%) in carrot and 99.2% variance (PC1 = 92.64; PC = 6.56) in beetroot of the overall data variability in plants supplemented with different N treatments.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Rooting of Magnolia grandifloraCultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 503d-503
Author(s):  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Michael A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Root Quality

Cuttings from three southern magnolia cultivars, `Claudia Wannamaker', `Greenback™', and `Little Gem', were treated with KIBA, KNAA, and Hormodin #3, separately and in combination, at varying concentrations. The rooting of cuttings was cultivar-dependent, with `Greenback™' responding significantly to all the treatments. Only the high KNAA and combination treatments were effective with `Little Gem' and `Claudia Wannamaker'. The effect of KNAA on rooting with increasing concentration was significant. No similar response was observed with KIBA. The combination treatment with quick dip plus the talc formation produced the greatest rooting and root quality with the three cultivars. With this treatment, the average rooting rate of three cultivars was 67.4%, whereas the rooting rate of control plants was only 11.8%.

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