Sedimentation in canola oil: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hermann ◽  
R. Mailer ◽  
K. Robards
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Preliminary Separation ◽  
Future Work

Summary. Sediment formation or cloudiness in canola oil presents a problem for the industry which is currently solved by winterisation. Various techniques have been used to examine the chemical and physical properties of the sediment. Knowledge of the physical properties are due largely to investigations using differential scanning calorimetry. Chemical composition has been determined by high resolution chromatographic methods particularly gas chromatography following preliminary separation of the sediment from the oil and fractionation. Major components of the sediment are wax esters with lesser amounts of triacylglycerols, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids and alcohols. Nevertheless, full characterisation of the sediment is yet to be achieved although the full potential of developments such as softer ionisation techniques for mass spectrometric detection in high performance liquid chromatography have not been exploited. The process of sediment formation is discussed in relation to nucleation of the oil and crystal growth. On this basis, factors determining sedimentation behaviour in a particular sample are probably kinetic and influenced by trace components of the oil. The fundamental question to be answered in future work is the relative role of environment and genetics in regulating susceptibility to sedimentation.

scholarly journals Gas Transport Phenomena and Polymer Dynamics in PHB/PLA Blend Films as Potential Packaging Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Siracusa ◽  
Svetlana Karpova ◽  
Anatoliy Olkhov ◽  
Anna Zhulkina ◽  
Regina Kosenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Segmental Mobility ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Temperature Dependences

Actually, in order to replace traditional fossil-based polymers, many efforts are devoted to the design and development of new and high-performance bioplastics materials. Poly(hydroxy alkanoates) (PHAS) as well as polylactides are the main candidates as naturally derived polymers. The intention of the present study is to manufacture fully bio-based blends based on two polyesters: poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) as real competitors that could be used to replace petrol polymers in packaging industry. Blends in the shape of films have been prepared by chloroform solvent cast solution methodology, at different PHB/PLA ratios: 1/0, 1/9, 3/7, 5/5, 0/1. A series of dynamic explorations have been performed in order to characterize them from a different point of view. Gas permeability to N2, O2, and CO2 gases and probe (TEMPO) electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses were performed. Blend surface morphology has been evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) while their thermal behavior was analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique. Special attention was devoted to color and transparency estimation. Both probe rotation mobility and N2, O2, and CO2 permeation have monotonically decreased during the transition from PLA to PHB, for all contents of bio-blends, namely because of transferring from PLA with lower crystallinity to PHB with a higher one. Consequently, the role of the crystallinity was elucidated. The temperature dependences for CO2 permeability and diffusivity as well as for probe correlation time allowed the authors to evaluate the activation energy of both processes. The values of gas transport energy activation and TEMPO rotation mobility are substantially close to each other, which should testify that polymer segmental mobility determines the gas permeability modality.

Studies of the Physical Properties of Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin Reacted with Anhydride Curing Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hee Kim ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim ◽  
Choong Sun Lim ◽  
Bong Kuk Seo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
The Impact

The preparation of high performance epoxy composites for industrial applications has been extensively researched. In this report, we study the change in physical properties and reaction kinetics between epoxy resin and curing agents of similar geometry. For the experiments, celloxide 2021P, an epoxy resin having low viscosity, was blended with three different curing agents: methylhexahydropthalic acid, methyltetrahydropthalic acid, and 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic anhydride. The amount of 1, 2-dimethylimidazole catalyst was controlled, and the highest heat flow temperature (Tpeak) was observed at around 145 °C. The impact on reaction kinetics relative to the change in heating rate was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for each of the curing agents. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of each composition was measured with a second DSC cycle. The prepared epoxy compositions were thermally cured in a metallic mold to provide pure epoxy resins without fillers. Finally, the flexural strengths of these resins were compared to each other. The authors believe that insights into choosing an appropriate epoxy binder are useful when it comes to the overall preparation of high performance polymer composites.

High Performance Flip Chip Package With Higher Mountability and Longer Interconnect Life

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Katsurayama ◽  
Hironori Tohmyoh ◽  
Masumi Saka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Substrate Interface ◽  
Interconnect Reliability ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Underfill Material ◽  
Selection Of

Generally, underfill material is adopted for encapsulation of flip chip package. And, the role of the underfill materials has become important day by day due to variant requirements for higher reliability of flip chip package. Also lower warpage gives higher mount-ability of the flip chip package and the small changes in the warpage of the package during the thermal cycle mitigate the stress working at the bump/substrate interface and bump/chip interface. Therefore, controlling the warpage of the flip chip package becomes very important problem for enhancing the performance of the package, i.e., the higher mount-ability and longer interconnect life. In this study, the effect of physical properties of underfill materials and substrates on the warpage behavior and the interconnect reliability of the flip chip package is reported. It was found from the experiments that the selection of an underfill and a substrate gave the highest interconnect reliability for the bump bonds. In addition to control the warpage behavior of the package during assembly, by selecting the suitable underfill material and substrate, the flip chip package with lower warpage and higher interconnect reliability can be realized.

Microstructural Mechanisms of Fatigue Failure in PA66 Fibers

2007 ◽  
Vol 560 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
J. Martin Herrera-Ramírez ◽  
Anthony Bunsell ◽  
Philippe Colomban
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Different Types

The behavior of two different types of ultra-high-performance polyamide (PA) 66 fibers under fatigue loading up to failure, and the correlation between the fibers (nano)structures and their structural heterogeneity with fatigue lifetimes, have been studied using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The role of the microstructure of the fibers in determining fatigue life is presented and the possibility of improving their resistance to fatigue or eliminating the fatigue process will be discussed.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

Instant 99mTc Compounds

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Richards ◽  
W. C. Eckelman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
One Step ◽  
Stannous Ion ◽  
99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryThe full potential use of technetium has not been achieved despite its ideal physical properties, dosimetry and availability because of the complex preparations required for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. One of the goals of our work is to develop techniques for the preparation of high-purity 99mTc compounds which can be easily prepared, ideally by adding pertechnetate to a prepared solution.The use of stannous ion as reducing agent for technetium makes it possible to obtain such one-step, high-purity products. All non-radioactive components can be premixed in a single vial before addition of the radioactive pertechnetate. No final pH adjustment, further chemical manipulation or purification is required.Procedures for two instantly labeled compounds have been developed to date: 99mTc DTPA and 99mTc HSA. The 99mTc DTPA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a previously prepared solution of stannous ion and CaNa3 DTPA which has been stored at pH 4. The 99mTc HSA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a solution of stannous ion and HSA. The parametric variations and analytical techniques involved in formulating these procedures are described. It appears that development of kits for other biologically interesting compounds may be possible using similar procedures.

BERYLCO 25

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Beryllium Copper

Abstract BERYLCO 25 is the standard high-performance beryllium copper alloy most widely used because of its high strength, hardness and excellent spring characteristics. BERYLCO 25 is the updated version of BERYLCO 25S (Alloy Digest Cu-3, November 1952). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-271. Producer or source: Kawecki Berylco Industries Inc..

MOLDSTAR 90

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Blow Molding

Abstract MoldStar 90 is a high-performance beryllium-free copper alloy for the blow-molding and injection-molding industries. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CU-732. Producer or source: Performance Alloys.

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