Effects of feeding varying levels of protein and phosphorus in relation to bone disorders in cattle

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Siebert ◽  
DMR Newman ◽  
B Hart ◽  
GL Michell
Keyword(s):  
High Protein ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Steers were fed low or high protein diets with varying levels of phosphorus. Two steers on the low protein diet developed a disorder which clinically resembled osteomalacia after 21 weeks of experimental feeding, and other animals on the same diet showed varying degrees of lameness. The total fresh weight, total mineral content, and the calcium and phosphorus levels of the metacarpal bones were significantly lower in the low protein group. Total fresh weight, total ash content of the rib bones was also lower although there were no differences between groups in the calcium and phosphorus content of rib bones. There were significant differences between treatment groups in blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and protein. The carcase weight of high protein animals was significantly greater than that of the low protein animals. Phosphorus level in the diet had little effect on any tissue measurement. The results showed that a bone disorder could develop in animals fed adequate phosphorus but inadequate protein. The implications of the experiment are considered in relation to the levels of protein and phosphorus in pasture throughout northern Australia.

Relationships between Oesophagostomum columbianum infection and the nutritional status of sheep. III. Serum and tissue protein changes

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Protein Depletion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Protein Group

The infection of young sheep with 1500 infective Oesophagostomum columbianum larvae was associated with the development of hypoproteinaemia resulting basically from a hypoalbuminaemia. Hypogammaglobulinaemia and hyperbetaglobulinaemia also developed in the infected animals. The concentration of α-globulin in the serum was not affected by infection. The extent and duration of the pathological features in the serum protein concentrations varied with the plane of nutrition. More severe effects were noted in sheep which had been maintained on a low protein ration and which exhibited severe protein depletion of the liver, spleen, and thymus, than in animals on a high protein ration. Within the low protein group the most severe depressions in serum protein concentrations resulted from infection with small multiple doses of larvae compared with the same total number given in a single dose.

Corrigendum - The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

INFLUENCE OF PRIOR DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON RESISTANCE TO THE STRESS OF PROTEIN DEPLETION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Vaughan ◽  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Helen Churella
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

One-day-old piglets were fed diets of either 50% or 14% protein for 8 weeks; they were given intravenous injections with S35-methionine-labeled plasma protein and were given a nonprotein diet. The plasma protein turnover and the nitrogen excreted were estimated by measuring the S35 activity and the nitrogen in aliquots of blood, urine and feces. During a 102-day period of protein privation, the animals that had received the high-protein diet lost little weight, while pigs previously fed a low level of protein lost 4.4 kg. However the high-protein group had a considerably faster rate of plasma protein turnover, catabolized a much large quantity of protein, and excreted more S35 and nitrogen than did the low-protein group. It is concluded that high-protein diets may make pigs less well able to cope with the stress of sudden protein deprivation.

The protein requirement of the ruminant calf. II. Further studies on the effect of protein content of the concentrate mixture on the performance of calves weaned at an early age

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. F. Stobo ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Helen J. Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein

1. Eighty-four Friesian heifer calves were used in two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) to study the protein requirement of the ruminant calf to 12 weeks of age. The calves were weaned at 5 weeks of age and given a concentrate containing one of several protein levels, together with hay and water.2. In Experiment 4, the effect of changing the protein content of the concentrates at 8 weeks of age under ad libitum feeding conditions was studied. A concentrate containing 20·6% crude protein (air-dry basis) tended to promote more rapid weight gains in calves to 8 weeks than a similar concentrate with 12·1% crude protein. Following the change in diet at 8 weeks, both groups of calves given the low-protein diet gained weight at similar rates in the period 8–12 weeks, irrespective of the protein level to 8 weeks. During the period 8–12 weeks calves given the high-protein diet, after receiving a low-protein diet to 8 weeks, tended to gain weight at a faster rate than those given the high-protein concentrate throughout. After adjustment for differences between treatment groups in mean concentrate consumption and mean live-weight at 8 weeks, the live-weight gain from 8 to 12 weeks was significantly greater in calves given the high-protein diet after 8 weeks.3. In Experiment 5, a significantly lower growth rate was obtained when concentrate intake was restricted to a maximum of 2 kg./day than when given ad libitum. Calves given the concentrates containing 15·9% or 20·6% crude protein gained weight significantly faster than those given the concentrate containing 12·1% crude protein, at both levels of feeding, after live-weight gain was adjusted for differences between treatment groups in mean food consumption and live-weight at 1 week.4. It is concluded that no advantage is obtained by giving a concentrate containing more than 15·9% protein to Friesian heifer calves weaned at 5 weeks of age. The results indicate clearly the importance of an adequate supply of energy in the diet of the ruminant calf if maximum live-weight gain is to be achieved.

The influence of dietary protein intake on milk production and blood composition of high-yielding dairy cows

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
W. Little ◽  
K. A. Collis ◽  
A. J. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
The Mean

SummaryCows were fed either 75 or 100% of the recommended intake levels for protein and 100% of recommended energy levels (Agricultural Research Council, 1965) from 8 weeks pre-calving until 14 weeks post calving. From 14 weeks post calving and to the end of lactation all the cows received 100% of the recommended protein and energy intakes.The mean of the 305-d milk yields of the 2 groups was not significantly different and although cows on the lower protein intake produced less lactose during the first 14 weeks of lactation there was no significant difference in total lactose, fat, protein or total solids production between the groups. In both groups blood packed-cell volume, red cell count and haemoglobin decreased during the first 10 weeks of lactation and then began to increase in the high-protein group. The cows receiving the low-protein diet showed a similar increase only when they received the high-protein ration from 14 weeks post calving. The mean interval from calving to conception was 27·5 weeks in the high-protein group and 20 weeks in the low-protein group.It is concluded that feeding 75% of protein requirements to dairy cows during the first 14 weeks of lactation does not reduce milk yield or quality significantly and probably has no adverse effect on fertility.

scholarly journals Meeting nutritional targets of critically ill patients by combined enteral and parenteral nutrition: review and rationale for the EFFORTcombo trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-320
Author(s):  
Aileen Hill ◽  
Daren K. Heyland ◽  
Gunnar Elke ◽  
Stefan J. Schaller ◽  
Reto Stocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Nutrition Review

AbstractWhile medical nutrition therapy is an essential part of the care for critically ill patients, uncertainty exists about the right form, dosage, timing and route in relation to the phases of critical illness. As enteral nutrition (EN) is often withheld or interrupted during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay, combined EN and parenteral nutrition (PN) may represent an effective and safe option to achieve energy and protein goals as recommended by international guidelines. We hypothesise that critically ill patients at high nutritional risk may benefit from such a combined approach during their stay on the ICU. Therefore, we aim to test if an early combination of EN and high-protein PN (EN+PN) is effective in reaching energy and protein goals in patients at high nutritional risk, while avoiding overfeeding. This approach will be tested in the here-presented EFFORTcombo trial. Nutritionally high-risk ICU patients will be randomised to either high (≥2·2 g/kg per d) or low protein (≤1·2 g/kg per d). In the high protein group, the patients will receive EN+PN; in the low protein group, patients will be given EN alone. EN will be started in accordance with international guidelines in both groups. Efforts will be made to reach nutrition goals within 48–96 h. The efficacy of the proposed nutritional strategy will be tested as an innovative approach by functional outcomes at ICU and hospital discharge, as well as at a 6-month follow-up.

scholarly journals The effect of a low-protein ration on milk yield and plasma metabolites in Friesian heifers during early lactation

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Oldham ◽  
W. H. Broster ◽  
D. J. Napper ◽  
J. W. Siviter
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Protein Feeding

1. Sixteen first-calf Friesian heifers were used in a continuous treatment design experiment. For 2 weeks after calving they were given a 750 g concentrate, 250 g hay/kg ration with 169 g crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM). They were then divided into two groups of eight and given a high-protein (223 g CP/kg DM) or low-protein (107 g CP/kg DM) ration at the rate of 10.8 kg concentrates+3.6 kg hay for 8 weeks.2. Milk yield and composition, live weight and blood composition were monitored throughout. A digestibility trial was carried out with six animals on each treatment.3. The low protein ration reduced DM, organic matter, energy and fibre digestibility significantly (P < 0.001) so that intakes of digestible energy were not equal and the low-protein group lost more weight than the high-protein group.4. Milk yield and the fat content of milk were lower in heifers given the low-protein ration (P < 0.01). The lactose content of the milk was not affected and protein content only slightly reduced (P < 0.1) by low-protein feeding. When the heifers were all changed onto an adequate protein (190 g CP/kg DM) ration in mid-lactation, those which had previously been under-fed protein appeared to recover in milk yield to the point they might have been expected to reach if given an adequate-protein ration throughout.5. Concentrations of urea (P < 0.001) and albumin (P < 0.05) were reduced by underfeeding protein, but albumin concentration was affected less by diet than by stage of lactation. Blood concentrations of total protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphate, iron, copper, haemoglobin and packed cell volume were unaffected by treatment. Blood magnesium concentration was slightly lower (P < 0.1) with low-protein feeding.

A note on seasonal and age changes in the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium content of the blood of Scottish Blackface ewes, as influenced by calcium and phosphorus supplementation

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
The Hill

In the course of an experiment designed to study the effects of calcium and phosphorus supplementation on the performance of Scottish Blackface hill ewes, with particular reference to the premature loss of permanent incisor teeth (Gunn, 1969), blood samples were taken from 40 ewes on ten occasions per year over a 4-year period. These were drawn equally from a control and three treatment groups. The control group followed the existing pattern of ewe management on the farm in question by utilizing improved pastures in the spring and early summer, and the treatment groups were a calcium dosed group (12 g calcium carbonate) and a phosphorus dosed group (13 g monosodium phosphate), both of which received the same management, and an undosed group run permanently on the hill. Details of the management and feeding are given in a previous paper (Gunn, 1969). It is sufficient to say here that mineral dosing took place three times per week between mid-February and the end of May and no minerals except salt were added to the concentrated ration fed to all groups at the rate of 10 oz (283 g)/head/day from mid-February to early May. Lambing commenced at about the end of the first week in April.

The endogenous phosphorus excretion of preruminant lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
DM Walker ◽  
SJ Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Twenty-seven preruminant male crossbred lambs, aged 1-2 days at the start of the experiment, were used. Three lambs were sacrificed on day 1 and selected bones taken for analysis. Twenty-four lambs, in groups of three, were bottle-fed on low-phosphorus milk replacers in a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. The sole source of protein in the diets was whole beef blood, supplemented with L-isoleucine and DL-methionine, to supply either 10 or 25% of the total dietary energy as protein. At each protein level the diets were supplemented with CaCO3 to provide four ratios of Ca:P (0.5:1, 1:1, 2:1 and 10:1). The daily intake of gross energy was controlled at 880 kJ-0.73. Faeces and urine were collected separately each day and bulked during the last seven days of the experiment for the estimation of N, Ca and P. Serum Ca and P concentrations were determined at weekly intervals. The lambs were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period of 21 days and selected bones were taken for analysis. The concentrations of bone ash, Ca and P all decreased significantly when compared with values determined at the start of the experiment. The lambs given the high-protein diets showed significantly greater losses of bone ash, Ca and P, and had lower serum P, but higher serum Ca concentrations, than lambs fed on the low-protein milk replacers, irrespective of the dietary Ca:P ratios. Phosphorus excretions during the last seven days of the experiment were as follows: faecal P (day-1); low-protein group (n = 12), 3.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 4.1 � 0.5 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 3.6 � 0.3 mg kg-1. Urinary P (day-1): low-protein group (n = 12), 0.92 � 0.22 mg kg-1; high-protein group (n = 11) , 0.61 � 0.03 mg kg-1; all lambs (n = 23), 0.77 � 0.12 mg kg-1. Faecal and urinary P excretion was unaffected by variation in the dietary Ca:P ratio.

High-protein meals do not enhance myofibrillar synthesis after resistance exercise in 62- to 75-yr-old men and women

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. E677-E683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Welle ◽  
Charles A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study tested the hypothesis that increasing the protein content of isocaloric meals increases the rate of myofibrillar synthesis in muscle of healthy subjects over 60 yr old and enhances the stimulation of myofibrillar synthesis induced by resistance exercise. Myofibrillar synthesis of sedentary and exercised quadriceps muscle was determined by incorporation ofl-[1-13C]leucine. During the tracer infusion, subjects consumed meals with a low (7% of energy, n = 6)-, normal (14%, n = 6)-, or high (28%, n = 6)-protein content. In sedentary muscle, the mean (± SE) myofibrillar synthesis was 1.56 ± 0.13%/day in the low-protein group, 1.73 ± 0.11 %/day in the normal-protein group, and 1.76 ± 0.10%/day in the high-protein group ( P = 0.42). Myofibrillar synthesis was faster in exercised muscle (mean 27%, P < 10−6) in all groups (2.10 ± 0.14 %/day in low protein; 2.18 ± 0.10 %/day in normal protein; 2.11 ± 0.09 %/day in high protein; P = 0.84). The stimulation of myofibrillar synthesis by exercise was not significantly different among low-protein [0.54 ± 0.12 %/day (37 ± 9%)], normal-protein [0.46 ± 0.08 %/day (28 ± 5%)], and high-protein groups [0.34 ± 0.04 %/day (20 ± 3%); P = 0.31]. We conclude that high-protein meals do not enhance the stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis induced by resistance exercise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document