Differences among Lupinus species in field response to superphosphate

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Mature Seeds

Eight varieties from four lupin species were grown on a virgin lateritic soil with six rates of superphosphate, ranging from 0 to 1,792 kg ha-1. Dry matter yield and phosphorus and nitrogen contents of the tops were measured at about full flowering, together with days to flowering, pods set per primary inflorescence, and phosphorus and nitrogen contents of the mature seeds. All species gave sigmoid yield responses, reaching 90 per cent of maximum yield at superphosphate rates between 600 and 900 kg ha-l, depending on species. Varieties within species responded uniformly. The order of tolerance to deficiency was L. cosentini > L. luteus > L. angustifolius = L. albus. Tolerance was based on uptake rather than differing tissue requirement. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the seeds varied markedly with species, the rankings being L. luteus > L. cosentini = L. albus > L. angustifolios for phosphorus, and L. luteus > L. albus > L. angustifolius > L. cosentini for nitrogen. Superphosphate application caused parallel changes in phosphorus concentrations in the tops and seeds of each species. It slightly increased nitrogen concentrations in the tops, but not in the seeds.

scholarly journals Dry matter yield of forage corn in the late milk stage of development depending on the planting dates in the steppe zone of the Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherkashyna ◽  
◽  
E.F. Sotchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Sowing Dates

Dry matter yield is an objective indicator of assessing the productivity of corn hybrids grown for silage and green fodder. The aim of the work was to identify optimal planting dates to obtain maximum yield of dry matter at the late milk stage of development for hybrids of corn depending on groups of maturity under rain-fed conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. The sowing dates of the field experiment were on April 5th, 15th, and 25th. We studied hybrids of corn of different groups of maturity. Soil – chernozems southern low-humus. Meteorological conditions in 2016 were characterized by increased moisture availability (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) 1.46). In 2017, severe drought was noted (HTC 0.34). Moisture availability was insufficient in 2018 and 2019 (HTC 0.79 and 0.78, respectively). In 2016-2019, the best planting date for hybrid ‘Nur’ was April 15th; the dry matter yield in the late milk stage was 6.69 t/ha. For the medium- early hybrid ‘Mashuk 220 MV’, the best sowing dates were April 15th and 25th; dry matter yield was 5.95 and 5.78 t/ha, respectively. Hybrid ‘Mashuk 355 MV’ demonstrated higher dry matter yield on April 5th and 15th (7.12 and 6.99 t/ha). However, the planting date of April 25th led to significant yield decreased (to 6.1 t/ha).

Aqueous ammonia compared with other nitrogenous fertilizers as solids and solutions on grass

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Application

SUMMARYField experiments with Italian ryegrass cut four times a year compared aqueous ammonia with ammonium sulphate and with a mixture of ammonium nitrate and urea (equal parts by weight). In 1963 four rates of nitrogen, 224, 448, 672 and 896 lb/acre, were applied as single and split dressings of injected aqueous ammonia, as solid ammonium sulphate and as injected solution of ammonium sulphate. There was little difference in total dry-matter yield between a single injection of aqueous ammonia and the split dressing of solid. Injecting ammonium sulphate solution eliminated scorch caused by single applications of solid supplying 448 lb N/acre or more and gave significantly greater dry-matter yields. A single application of 448 lb N/acre provided enough nitrogen to sustain the response of the grass to the end of the season.In 1964 a single injection of aqueous ammonia was compared with ammonium nitrate/urea applied as solid or solution at 280, 560 and 840 lb N/acre. There was no difference in total dry-matter yield between aqueous ammonia and ammonium nitrate/urea at rates of 560 and 840 lb/acre. At 280 lb/acre a split dressing of solid produced most dry matter. More than 280 lb N/acre was required, therefore, as a single application in spring to last the whole season, but this rate of nitrogen applied as a split dressing was almost sufficient to give maximum yield.In both experiments the seasonal distribution of dry matter was similar for single and split applications except in 1963 when large single injections of ammonium sulphate produced greater yields at the third cut than the split applications. The percentage of nitrogen recovered in the harvested grass decreased as nitrogen rate was increased and was greater from single than split applications. Recovery of nitrogen from aqueous ammonia was less efficient from four injections than one, and was greater in 1964 than 1963 due to better penetration of the sward by injector tines. Least nitrogen was recovered from surface-applied solutions of ammonium nitrate/urea. Regressions of dry-matter yield on nitrogen yield showed that single injections of aqueous ammonia were as efficient as other fertilizers tested.

Effluent and nitrogen fertiliser effects on dry matter yield, nutritive characteristics, and mineral and nitrate content of turnips

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Total N ◽  
Liquid Effluent ◽  
Yield Responses

The 2-pond system to treat and contain dairy effluent is commonplace on dry-land dairy farms in southern Australia. The first pond is a deep anaerobic treatment pond and the second a shallow aerobic pond where the liquid effluent is stored. This liquid effluent contains a range of nutrients that have the potential to influence forage dry matter (DM) yields, herbage nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of forages. The effect of applying second-pond dairy effluent to a summer turnip (Brassica rapa L.) crop over two consecutive summer periods was measured. In addition to the application of effluent, N fertiliser was also applied. Effluent was applied at three rates, 0, 30, and 60 mm ~7–8 weeks after turnips were sown each year, with fertiliser N applied at either 0, 25, 50, or 75 kg N/ha in combination with effluent rates immediately before effluent application. Turnips were assessed for DM accumulation, nutritive characteristics, and mineral and nitrate-N content. Effluent contained high concentrations of both potassium (K) (440–500 kg/ML) and sodium (Na) (637–766 kg/ML), with moderate levels of calcium (Ca) (177–180 kg/ML) and magnesium (158–213 kg/ML). Total N was higher in Year 2 (208 kg/ML) than in Year 1 (160 kg/ML), with the proportion of total N present as ammonia-N also higher in Year 2 (81%) than in Year 1 (57%). Dry matter yield responses for leaf and root were 20 and 11 kg DM/ha per effluent mm applied in Year 1 and 19 and 13 kg DM/ha.mm applied in Year 2, respectively. Total DM yield increases were 32 and 39 kg DM/ha.mm applied for Years 1 and 2, respectively. There was no effect of N application or interaction between effluent and N application in either year. For Year 1, nutritive characteristics were relatively unaffected by either effluent or N fertiliser application, while in Year 2, leaf crude protein content increased (P < 0.05) in a linear manner at 0.058% per mm effluent applied. The K and Na content of turnip leaves increased (P < 0.05) with effluent application in both Years 1 and 2, while the Ca decreased (P < 0.05) with effluent application in Year 2. Results from this study further emphasise the potential value of second-pond dairy effluent to increasing forage DM yield and improving the nutritive value of turnips. The data, however, question the value of using N fertiliser on its own or in combination with effluent to improve the same attributes. Dry matter yield responses to effluent were similar across both years despite contrasting climatic conditions, highlighting the ability of turnips to respond to limited moisture inputs.

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

Palatability to sheep of the Eragrostis curvula complex. 4. Dry matter production, feed value and persistence of a range of taxa

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Productivity, nutritive value and persistence of a range of taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex were evaluated in experiments at Wagga Wagga, Temora, Condobolin and Orange, N.S.W. No relationships were found between previously determined palatability ranks and nitrogen (N) content, acid detergent fibre, digestible dry matter (DDM) or metabolisable energy. The nutritive value of stem was lower than leaf; however, if stem is well grazed this is unlikely to affect animal performance. Mean digestible dry matter and nitrogen contents of the E. curvula accessions were similar in the Wagga Wagga (a total of 8 determinations) and Orange (4 determinations) experiments (overall means, DDM = 57.48% and N = 1.65%), but digestibility was depressed in summer by 3.38 units (54.85 v. 58.23% in autumn) for leaf and 2.3 units (53.98 v. 56. 28%) for stem in the Orange experiment, and 4.68 units (56.43 v, 61.11% in spring) for leaf and 8.35 units (49.96 v. 58.31%) for stem in the Wagga Wagga Naturalised Accessions trial. In practice, this would be offset by increasing availability of palatable forage. Except for 1 occasion with stem, the nitrogen concentrations of the herbage (leaf N 2.02-1.45%, stem N 0.79-1.95%) were sufficient not to limit intake. Differences in persistence and dry matter yield indicated that, of the palatable lines, accession 4663 was better adapted to drier situations than 4650, and that accession 4660 was intermediate between the two. It is concluded that the palatable accessions were potentially useful pasture plants for south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Growth and yield responses of BARI Gom-26 (Triticum aestivum L.) to naphthalene acetic acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
AMM Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of various concentrations of NAA (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/l) on the growth and yield components of BARI Gom-26 was investigated. Data recorded on plant height, number of tillers per plant and number of leaves per plant showed negative performance in most cases with a few exceptions (7 and 14 DAS due to 25 and 50 mg/l NAA). The 50 mg/l NAA produced the highest total dry matter (TDM) at all the stages of growth except at 21 and 28 DAS and significant variations were observed at 7 DAS. Length of spike, grains per spike and 1000- seed weight increased following all the rates of NAA applications. Number of effective tillers and maximum yield (g/plant and t/ha) increased significantly only due to application of 50 mg/l NAA and the increases were 9.09 and 12.24% higher over the control, respectively. Non-effective tillers per plant decreased with all concentrations of NAA application and the maximum decrease (60.20%) was recorded with 50 mg/l NAA. Non-significant highest harvest index was also recorded with 50 mg/l followed by 100 mg/l NAA application. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 119-125, 2013 (July)

The response of Italian ryegrass to nitrogenous fertilizer at different times of year, with particular reference to residual effects

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
B. M. Ojuederie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Previous Autumn

SummaryThe 32 combinations of applying or not applying nitrogenous fertilizer on five dates, with 6-week intervals between dates, during one treatment year were compared in three field experiments with Italian ryegrass (Lolium mvltiflorum). Phosphorus (P)and potassium (K) were applied at a uniform, high rate to all plots. All plots were harvested, by cutting, five times during the treatment year and once in May of the subsequent year.Dry-matter yields and dry-matter yield responses to N were lower at the September and October harvests than at the May, June and July harvests. Where no N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest generally increased yields of dry matter, N, P and K. On the other hand, where N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest tended not to increase dry-matter yield and tended to reduce P and K yields. Applying 420 kg N/ha/year compared with nil approximately trebled the amounts of dry matter, P and K harvested in the treatment year. At the May harvest in the subsequent year dry-matter yield was increased by N applied in the treatment year, for all five application dates, although the previous autumn there had been no positive residual effect of the early applications. Apparent recovery of N was low compared with that recorded with Italian ryegrass in Cambridge. The content of N, as well as P and K, in herbage in May was reduced by the application of N the previous year. In the 1972 experiment the proportion of ‘stem’ in the harvested produce was markedly increased by N application. The size of this effect may have been associated with the rather small amount of soil N available. Applied N increased the number of tillers in the sward, but this effect appeared to be rather short-lived. A major reason for the positive effect of applied N on dry-matter yield, including the positive residual effect, appeared to be the increase in leaf blade length and probably sheath length due to N.

Field responses to cobalt and molybdenum by different legume species, with inferences on the role of cobalt in legume growth

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Gladstones ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
NA Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Molybdenum Addition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Yield Responses

Six legume species were sown over two seasons on a sandy lateritic soil of marginal cobalt and molybdenum status, with varying rates and combinations of applied cobalt and molybdenum. The seeds were from plants previously grown on the same soil without cobalt or molybdenum addition. Species differed in their responses. Lupinus angustifolius responded strongly to cobalt, which increased dry matter yield by nearly 50%, but at most only marginally to molybdenum. Lupinus cosentinii, Vicia atropurpurea and Trifolium subterraneum responded to molybdenum but not to cobalt. Lupinus luteus, and more doubtfully Trifolium hirtum, responded to neither element. Yield responses to molybdenum were always accompanied by increased nitrogen concentrations in the tops. Cobalt application resulted in either no change or a reduction ir, nitrogen concentration in the tops, even when yield was increased. No interaction was evident between the two elements. Neither element increased nodule numbers, which were ample in all treatments, but in L. angustfolius cobalt markedly increased both nodule size and to a lesser extent crown nodule incidence and slightly increased leg-haemoglobin concentration. Possible reasons are discussed for the unexpectedly unchanged or reduced nitrogen concentrations in the tops of L. angustifolius showing yield responses to cobalt. One suggestion is that enhanced rhizobium and nodule growth resulted in greater cytokinin production, with a greater effect on top growth under the conditions of the experiments than that stemming from increased nitrogen fixation.

The effects of superphosphate on the growth and development of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) in pure ungrazed swards at Katherine, NT

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

The effects of four levels of superphosphate (0, 112, 224, and 448 lb an acre) on the growth and development of ungrazed Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) in pure swards were examined on virgin Tippera clay loam at Katherine, N.T. Yields and distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, leaf area, and growth rate, were measured every two weeks. Leaf relative water content and soil water extraction were measured at the end of the wet season. Yield responses to superphosphate were curvilinear and fitted regressions of the form y = a nx + bx + c at all harvests. Superphosphate encouraged root exploitation of the soil volume, but phosphorus deficient swards were more resistant to drought. The maximum recovery of phosphorus was 20, 14, and 14 per cent respectively when 112, 224, and 448 lb an acre superphosphate was applied. Loss of 31 per cent dry matter, 34 per cent nitrogen, and 44 per cent phosphorus in the eight weeks following maximum yield was concluded to be due to translocation to the root system. Even with 448 lb an acre superphosphate the phosphorus content of standing material was below the the critical percentage quoted in the literature as indicating phosphorus sufficiency.

Effects of mixture ratio and cutting time on forage yield and silage quality of intercropped berseem clover and italian ryegrass

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celal Yucel ◽  
Ilker Inal ◽  
Derya Yucel ◽  
Rustu Hatipoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Berseem Clover

The research was carried out to determine the effects of different mixture ratios and cutting times on dry-matter yield and silage quality of mixtures of bersem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Adana province, Turkey. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications during the years of 2011-2013. The mixture-ratios ( 80% BC + 20% IR, 60% BC + % 40 IR, 40% BC+ % 60 IR, 20% BC + 80 % IR, pure berseem clover (BC) and Italian ryegrass (IR) ) were main plots, and harvest times (beginning of the flowering, mid flowering and full flowering of BC) were sub-plots. From the result of the study, it was concluded that the mixture of 60 % BC +40 % IR harvested at full flowering of BC was superior in terms of dry matter yield and silage quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document