Effect of soil and foliar applications of zinc on cadmium concentration in wheat grain

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Oliver ◽  
N. S. Wilhelm ◽  
K. G. Tiller ◽  
J. D. McFarlane ◽  
G. D. Cozens
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Zn

Summary. The effectiveness of foliar applications of zinc sulfate to decrease cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grain was assessed at 3 field sites in South Australia—Tumby Bay, Cummins and Keppoch. Foliar zinc (Zn) treatments were found to significantly (P<0.001) decrease Cd concentrations in grain at only 1 site, Tumby Bay. At this site the highest foliar Zn treatment (0.67 kg Zn/ha), which consisted of 2 applications of 0.33 kg Zn/ha applied early and late, decreased the mean Cd concentration in grain from 0.025 mg/kg for the nil treatment to 0.017 mg/kg. Timing of application of foliar Zn had no significant effect on Cd concentration in wheat grain. The effect of soil applications of zinc sulfate on grain Cd concentration was assessed at Tumby Bay only. There was no significant difference in grain Cd concentration between the soil Zn treatments. The results from this study suggested that the current recommended rates of foliar applications of Zn to ameliorate Zn deficiency are not high enough to decrease Cd concentration in wheat grain. This is most likely due to the recommended foliar rate of 0.33 kg Zn/ha not providing excess Zn to the plant such that there is enough Zn to be translocated to the root, which is the site of Cd uptake by the plant. The results suggest that the benefits of foliar Zn to minimise Cd concentration in grain are variable or that the rates used to correct Zn deficiency under field conditions are too low to decrease Cd uptake. Further work is required to distinguish between the 2 possibilities.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Zinc Level and Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Non-frail and Frail Geriatric Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Rosnah Pinontoan ◽  
Savitri Sayogo ◽  
Arya Govinda Roosheroe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Frailty syndrome (FS), as a health problem in elderly, can interfere with the quality of life. Many factors play roles in its occurrence, one of which is oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), in which one of its components is zinc (Zn), is one of the endogenous antioxidants that plays a role in preventing oxidative stress. This study was aimed to know the correlation between serum zinc level (sZn) and erythrocyte SOD (eSOD) activity in non-frail and frail geriatric patients.Methods: This was cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling method conducted in the Geriatric Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, from August through September 2014, on 60 patients (30 patients for each group of non-frail and frail). Data were collected from interviews, physical measurements, and venous blood sampling.Results: Among 90% of the subjects had low Zn intake, at the same time, the mean of sZn was 8.41 ± 1.36mol/l and 93.3% of the subjects had experienced Zn deficiency. The mean of eSOD activity was 1526 ± 508U/gHb, and there was no significant difference between the groups. There were no significant correlation between sZn and eSOD activity both in the overall subject (r = -0.04; p = 0.076), as well as the non-frail group (r = -0.099; p=0.604) and frail  group (r = 0.01; p = 0.957).Conclusion: Serum zinc level did not have any significant correlation with the eSOD activity, neither on overall or both non-frail and frail groups.

Effects of soil pH and applied cadmium on cadmium concentration in wheat grain

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Oliver ◽  
the late K. G. Tiller ◽  
A. M. Alston ◽  
G. D. Cozens ◽  
R. H. Merry
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of pH and soil-applied Cd on Cd concentration in wheat grain were determined using 4 soils in a glasshouse study. Grain Cd concentrations increased significantly (P < 0·001) with increasing applications of Cd for all soils. Generally, for the Alfisols the Cd concentration in grain decreased with increasing soil pH for all Cd treatments. The Cd concentrations in grain from plants grown on the Haploxerert showed variable responses to pH, depending on the Cd treatment. Smaller decreases in grain Cd concentration with increasing pH were seen on soils with native Cd compared with grain from soils to which Cd had been added. Generally, Cd uptake (mg/pot) by grain grown in the Alfisols showed the same trends with increasing pH as seen with grain Cd concentrations, indicating no yield dilution effect. On the Bordertown soil (a Palexeralf) the ratio of Cd in shoot material (excluding grain) to Cd concentration in grain was found to increase significantly (P < 0·001) with increasing Cd treatments and decrease significantly (P < 0·001) with increasing pH. The ratio on the Bordertown soil did not remain constant across Cd or pH treatments, which suggests that the use of soil tests to predict Cd concentration in grain may be problematical. The transfer coefficients for Kapinnie, Freeling, and Bordertown soils were dependent on pH, whereas that for the Inman Valley soil was independent of pH. The relationship between the reciprocal of the distribution coefficient (K¡ 1 d) and the transfer coefficients (Cd grain/Cd soil) was generally good for all soils except the Vertisol from Inman Valley.

scholarly journals Soil-application of Zinc-EDTA Increases Leaf Photosynthesis of Immature ‘Wichita’ Pecan Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Heerema ◽  
Dawn VanLeeuwen ◽  
Marisa Y. Thompson ◽  
Joshua D. Sherman ◽  
Mary J. Comeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Zn

Zinc deficiency is common in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) grown in alkaline, calcareous soils. Zinc (Zn)-deficient pecan leaves exhibit interveinal chlorosis, decreased leaf thickness, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Low photosynthesis (Pn) contributes to restricted vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting of Zn-deficient pecan trees. Our objectives were to measure effects of soil-applied ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated Zn fertilizer on gas exchange of immature ‘Wichita’ pecan and characterize the relationship between leaf Zn concentration and Pn. The study orchard had alkaline and calcareous soils and was planted in Spring 2011. Zinc was applied throughout each growing season as Zn EDTA through microsprinklers at rates of 0 (Control), 2.2, or 4.4 kg·ha−1 Zn. Leaf gas exchange and SPAD were measured on one occasion in the 2012 growing season, four in 2013, and five in 2014. Soil Zn-EDTA applications significantly increased the leaf tissue Zn concentration throughout the study. On all measurement occasions, net Pn was significantly increased by soil-applied Zn EDTA compared with the control, but Pn was not different between the two soil-applied Zn-EDTA treatments. Leaf Pn in midseason did not increase at leaf tissue Zn concentrations above 14–22 mg·kg−1. Leaf SPAD consistently followed a similar pattern to Pn. Soil Zn-EDTA application increased leaf stomatal conductance (gS) compared with the Control early through midseason but not after August. Intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower for Zn-EDTA-treated trees than the Control even on dates when there was no significant difference in gs, which suggests that soil application of Zn-EDTA alleviated nonstomatal limitations to Pn caused by Zn deficiency.

Virus detection in soils: a comparison of four recovery methods

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bitton ◽  
M. Judith Charles ◽  
Samuel R. Farrah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
The Mean

Among nine eluents tested, 0.5% (w/v) isoelectric casein at pH 9.0 and 0.5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk (pH 9.0) were the most efficient in eluting poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) from Eustis fine sand. However, no significant difference was found between the overall (elution followed by concentration) virus recoveries by non-fat dry milk, isoelectric casein, beef extract, and glycine–EDTA methods.High overall recovery (75%) of low input (200 PFU) of viruses from 100 g of soil was achieved by the isoelectric casein method. It was found that the recovery efficiency of this method was not significantly affected by the soil type, following examination of four Florida soils. The mean overall recovery for the four soils was 50%. For other enteroviruses, the overall recovery for coxsackie B3 was 88% but was significantly lower (23%) for echovirus 4. Examintion of the efficiency of the casein method under field conditions showed that it was possible to recover low poliovirus numbers from soil (0.9–1.3 PFU/g soil).

scholarly journals Ekmeklik ve Makarnalık Buğdaylara Uygulanan Çinko Dozlarının Kadmiyum Alımına Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Faruk Özkutlu ◽  
Halil Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Durum Wheat Variety

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc application on Cd uptake of bread (Karacadağ) and durum (Harran-95) wheat growing in high Cd concentrations. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in Zn-deficient calcareous soil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. In the experiment, Cd was applied 0 (Cd0) and 10 (Cd10) mg kg-1. The Zn application was 10 mg kg-1 Zn (soil+leaf) (10 mg kg-1 Zn + 3 applications from leaf; 10 mg kg-1 Zn + 8 applications from leaf). The Zn application was started at the end of the tillering stage in ZnSO4.7H2O form at 0.1% dose as 3 (3F) and 8 (8F) times of leaf application per a week. The plants were harvested at grain maturity stage and the Cd and Zn concentrations of grains were determined. The results revealed that Zn concentrations of both bread and durum wheat varieties were significantly increased with the soil Zn and soil+leaf Zn applications. The Cd accumulation in Harran-95 variety with soil Cd treatment was higher than that of Karacadağ variety. The Cd concentration (31 μg kg-1) in the control conditions of Karacadağ varieties increased to 3.616 μg kg-1 in Cd 10 conditions, which was 70 μg kg-1 in control conditions of Harran variety and increased to 8.434 μg kg-1 in Cd10 conditions. However, soil and leaf Zn applications have significantly reduced the grain Cd concentrations of durum wheat variety. Cadmium concentration in Harran-95 cultivar at Cd10 dose was 8.434 μg kg-1 before addition of Zn, and it was decreased to 6.464 μg kg-1, to 7.932 μg kg-1 and to 6.745 μg kg-1 with Zn10, Zn10+3Y and Zn10+8Y applications, respectively. The results showed that the durum wheat variety removed higher Cd than the bread wheat variety. In addition, the decrease in grain Cd concentrations was the highest in durum wheat variety with the soil and leaf Zn applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of heavy metals composition of drinking water distributed to Addis Ababa City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Genet Gebre ◽  
Anmut Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Admissible Limit

Abstract Background Compromised drinking water quality due to accumulation of heavy metals is becoming a serious concern for many countries, including Ethiopia. Chronic exposure to heavy metals is associated with many human diseases. This study aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water supplied to Addis Ababa city. There has been no such study done on drinking water supplied to the city Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 2018 to December 2018. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water samples. Result The highest concentration of lead was recorded in water samples taken from Gefersa, Asko and Kolfie areas. Results of this study also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean levels of lead in water samples taken from different treatment plants and their respective catchments (p-value < 0.01). Conclusion The mean lead level in water samples were higher than the maximum admissible limit set by the WHO in 2011. The mean level of cadmium concentration was higher than the maximum admissible limit of cadmium set by WHO in 2011 in water samples of the Gefersa surface water & catchment area. However, all values of heavy metals were lower than their respective maximum contaminant level set by USEPA in 2010.

Cadmium concentration in muscle, liver and kidney of sheep slaughtered in Falavarjan abattoir, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Kazemeini ◽  
E. Rahimi ◽  
AA Kharrattaherdel ◽  
N. Nozarpour ◽  
AG Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of cadmium in sheep’s muscle, liver and kidney from Isfahan and also to compare them with the levels reported in several other countries and with the maximum tolerance levels for the human consumption. The samples of muscle, liver and kidney of 60 animals around 1 to 6 years old were collected from the carcasses slaughtered in Flavarjan abattoir, Isfahan. Samples (acid digested and cadmium concentrations) were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). The mean fresh weight concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were about 0.0017 mg/kg, 0.0743 mg/kg and 0.02290 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in tissue samples was generally lower than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in cadmium concentration of liver and kidney between various age groups (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Accumulation of Toxic Elements in Bone and Bone Marrow of Deer Living in Various Ecosystems. A Case Study of Farmed and Wild-Living Deer

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tajchman ◽  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Marek Bogdaszewski ◽  
Monika Pecio ◽  
Katarzyna Dziki-Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of toxic elements accumulated in the bone marrow and bones (Cervus elaphus). The studies were carried out on two groups of young stags: farmed (n = 6) and wild (n = 9). Their body weights were measured and bone and bone marrow samples were collected. The concentrations of toxic elements were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. The mean aluminum content in the bone marrow and bones of the farmed animals was significantly higher than in the wild group (p < 0.05). The mean concentration of arsenic, barium and lead in the bones of the wild red deer was significantly higher than in the bones of the farmed animals (p < 0.05), while the cadmium concentration in the bones of the farmed red deer exceeded the value determined in the wild animals. A significant difference was found between the mean concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, barium, lead, vanadium and nickel in the bone marrow and bones of both red deer groups (p < 0.05). Although the study involved animals living in an uncontaminated area, the concentrations of some heavy metals were higher than values reported from industrial regions.

Cadmium in pork and poultry liver in southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kleszcz ◽  
Wioletta Jędryka
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gf Aas

Samples of pork and poultry livers (ten samples of each type, purchased in southern Poland) were analyzed in order to determine the cadmium concentration. Wet digestion of the samples was carried out and the concentration of cadmium was measured by means of graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The mean values for pork and poultry livers were 79.3 µg/kg and 165.3 µg/kg, respectively. In one sample of poultry liver the Cd concentration was 1043 µg/kg, which is much more than the legal limit for the European Union (500 µg/kg). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in Cd concentration between the two groups of the samples, unless the highest result (1043 µg/kg) was considered an outlier.

Grain yield and protein responses in wheat using the N-Sensor for variable rate N application

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 818 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Mayfield ◽  
S. P. Trengove
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Biomass

Soil types, cereal crop growth and grain yields are typically variable across many paddocks in the cropping regions of South Australia. In this study the value of a variable rate nitrogen fertiliser application, using the Yara N-Sensor, was compared with the standard practice of a uniform application, at crop growth stage 31, on the grain yield and protein content of wheat. These comparisons were made using the same total amount of fertiliser in paired variable and uniform rate treatments in commercial crops at a total of 10 sites over two years in the medium to higher rainfall areas of the Mid North and Yorke Peninsula of South Australia. The mean increase in wheat grain yield for the variable rate treatment was only 40 kg/ha, or 0.8%, when compared with the uniform rate treatment averaged over these 10 sites and two years. Grain yield differences ranged from 160 kg/ha more to 60 kg/ha less for the variable rate treatment when compared with the uniform rate treatment. Wheat grain yields with the uniform treatments ranged from 2.53 t/ha to 5.68t/ha and with a mean grain yield of 4.24 t/ha. The mean wheat grain protein content with the variable rate treatment was 11.0%, compared with 10.5% with the uniform rate treatment, a relative increase of 5.1%. Where grain yield responses to the variable rate treatments were compared between different biomass areas within a paddock, the greatest grain yield increases to a variable rate of N compared with a uniform rate were in the areas with the lowest 20% of crop biomass whereas grain yield differences were negligible in areas with the highest 60% of crop biomass. These low biomass areas also had the greatest grain yield response to the applied post emergent nitrogen fertiliser when compared with areas with no post emergent nitrogen fertiliser. N-Sensor outputs (biomass and N-rate) were compared with measurements of plant biomass, N uptake (kg N/ha) and %N content at points of contrasting biomass and N-rate within paddocks. There was a high correlation between the N-Sensor biomass and N-rate values and actual plant biomass and N uptake but not with the %N content. Crop biomass maps made using sensors such as the N-Sensor could provide useful data layers, which in combination with other datasets such as grain yield maps or elevation maps, be used to produce zone maps for further analysis or for variable rate input treatments. The N-Sensor could also be used in some situations to map variations in weed biomass for possible site specific weed management.

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