Virus detection in soils: a comparison of four recovery methods

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bitton ◽  
M. Judith Charles ◽  
Samuel R. Farrah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
The Mean

Among nine eluents tested, 0.5% (w/v) isoelectric casein at pH 9.0 and 0.5% (w/v) non-fat dry milk (pH 9.0) were the most efficient in eluting poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) from Eustis fine sand. However, no significant difference was found between the overall (elution followed by concentration) virus recoveries by non-fat dry milk, isoelectric casein, beef extract, and glycine–EDTA methods.High overall recovery (75%) of low input (200 PFU) of viruses from 100 g of soil was achieved by the isoelectric casein method. It was found that the recovery efficiency of this method was not significantly affected by the soil type, following examination of four Florida soils. The mean overall recovery for the four soils was 50%. For other enteroviruses, the overall recovery for coxsackie B3 was 88% but was significantly lower (23%) for echovirus 4. Examintion of the efficiency of the casein method under field conditions showed that it was possible to recover low poliovirus numbers from soil (0.9–1.3 PFU/g soil).

Processing Pork Samples for Virus Detection: A Preliminary Study Of Methods

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING YI DENG
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Virus Recovery ◽  
Pork Samples ◽  
Model Virus

Extraction and concentration procedures for recovering a model virus from pork samples were investigated. A 20-g sample, experimentally contaminated with attenuated poliovirus type 1, was suspended in 100 ml of glycine-NaOH buffer at pH 8.8 and homogenized in an ice bath. The pork solids in the homogenate were flocculated by centrifugation and filtration. Each of the sample extracts was concentrated by either hydroextraction (HE), ultrafiltration (UF), or the polymer two-phase separation (PTPS), and assayed for viruses by the plaque technique in monolayers of HeLa cells. The experiments indicated that the extraction procedure was effective, and that the mean virus recovery from the samples when concentrated by the HE, the UF, and the PTPS was 53.0, 68.0, and 65.1%, respectively. No plaque-forming units were detected in concentrates prepared from uninoculated pork samples. The extraction and concentration procedures developed in the present study are expected to be applicable to the processing of samples for detecting viruses in pork and merit further work.

scholarly journals Efficacy Comparison of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Three Subtypes of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Jiayi Xu ◽  
Yiyi Chen ◽  
Jiaju Zhang ◽  
Yihong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been widely used for the treatment of neovascularization (NV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aimed to compare the efficacy among different subtypes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. We performed meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata/SE 12.0. Results. A total of 24 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. At 3 months, the mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) improvements were −0.09, −0.18, and −0.23 for type 1, 2, and 3, respectively, while the mean macular thickness (MT) changes were −104.83, −130.76, and −196.29 μm. At 12 months, the mean changes in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters were 6.38, 8.12, and 9.37, while the MT decrease was 126.51, 126.52, and 139.85 μm, respectively. However, statistically significant difference was only found between type 1 and 3 in vision improvement, both in the short term (p=0.0002) and long term (p=0.01). Conclusions. The reactivity to VEGF inhibitors varied among different subtypes of nAMD. The efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy in type 3 nAMD was statistically better than type 1 when considering vision improvement at 3 and 12 months. Thus, the lesion subtype is a predictor for the treatment outcome which can help guide prognosis.

Effect of sludge type on poliovirus association with and recovery from sludge solids

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar C. Pancorbo ◽  
Phillip R. Scheuerman ◽  
Samuel R. Farrah ◽  
Gabriel Bitton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Aerobic Sludge ◽  
Aerobically Digested

Sludge type was found to affect the degree of association between seeded poliovirus type 1 (LSc) and sludge solids. The mean percent of solids-associated viruses for activated sludge mixed liquors, anaerobically digested sludges, and aerobically digested sludges was 57.2, 70.4, and 94.7, respectively. The degree of association between poliovirus and sludge solids was significantly greater for aerobically digested sludges than for the other two sludge types. Sludge solids associated viruses were eluted using 0.05 M glycine buffer, pH 10.5–11.0, and subsequently concentrated by organic flocculation. The effectiveness of the glycine method in the recovery of solids-associated viruses was also found to be affected by sludge type. Significantly lower mean poliovirus recovery was found for aerobically digested sludges (14.5%) than for mixed liquors or anaerobically digested sludges (72.3 and 60.2%, respectively). The eluent used in the method was not as effective in dissociating the virus from aerobic sludge solids as it was for the other two sludge types. All other virus adsorption–elution steps of the method (i.e., virus concentration steps) were equally effective in poliovirus recovery for all three sludge types. It is suggested that future methods developed for the recovery of viruses from sludges be evaluated for the various sludge types likely to be tested.

Effect of soil and foliar applications of zinc on cadmium concentration in wheat grain

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Oliver ◽  
N. S. Wilhelm ◽  
K. G. Tiller ◽  
J. D. McFarlane ◽  
G. D. Cozens
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Zn

Summary. The effectiveness of foliar applications of zinc sulfate to decrease cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grain was assessed at 3 field sites in South Australia—Tumby Bay, Cummins and Keppoch. Foliar zinc (Zn) treatments were found to significantly (P<0.001) decrease Cd concentrations in grain at only 1 site, Tumby Bay. At this site the highest foliar Zn treatment (0.67 kg Zn/ha), which consisted of 2 applications of 0.33 kg Zn/ha applied early and late, decreased the mean Cd concentration in grain from 0.025 mg/kg for the nil treatment to 0.017 mg/kg. Timing of application of foliar Zn had no significant effect on Cd concentration in wheat grain. The effect of soil applications of zinc sulfate on grain Cd concentration was assessed at Tumby Bay only. There was no significant difference in grain Cd concentration between the soil Zn treatments. The results from this study suggested that the current recommended rates of foliar applications of Zn to ameliorate Zn deficiency are not high enough to decrease Cd concentration in wheat grain. This is most likely due to the recommended foliar rate of 0.33 kg Zn/ha not providing excess Zn to the plant such that there is enough Zn to be translocated to the root, which is the site of Cd uptake by the plant. The results suggest that the benefits of foliar Zn to minimise Cd concentration in grain are variable or that the rates used to correct Zn deficiency under field conditions are too low to decrease Cd uptake. Further work is required to distinguish between the 2 possibilities.

scholarly journals A comparative study between endoscopic and microscopic type 1 tympanoplasty

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Abdul Subhan Faruq ◽  
Divya Bhadri Sri ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Uppala
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Microscopic Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endoscopic Tympanoplasty ◽  
Group 1

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The current study aims to compare type 1 microscopic tympanoplasty and endoscopic tympanoplasty and draws an evidence-based conclusion regarding the outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This randomized controlled clinical study consists of 60 patients, in which 30 cases allocated as group 1 underwent endoscopic myringoplasty, and 30 cases allocated as group 2 underwent conventional myringoplasty. Tympanic membrane (TM), pure tone audiometry (PTA) evaluated preoperatively and at 3 months postoperative follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Demographic distribution between the groups does not show a significant difference (χ2=6.67, p=0.16). There was no significant difference observed between TM perforation size between the groups (χ2=2.32, p=0.51). For the preoperative AB gap in group 1, the mean ABG was 28.20±2.67 and in group 2 was 28.20±0.80. The postoperative AB gap in group 1, the mean ABG was 17.40±3.01, and in group 2, the mean ABG was 19.67±2.93. The mean difference is 9.13, and it shows a statistically significant difference (p=0.001). The mean duration of surgery in group 1 was 130.83±34.84 and in group 2 was 168.33±16.88 min (p=0.001). In both groups, 90% have intact graft, and in 10% of patients’ residual perforation is present. The mean duration of hospitalization in group1 is 4.10±0.09 days and in group 2 is 4.97±0.18 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> By using the endoscopic addition, minimal invasive tympanoplasty can made possible the similar graft success rate with minimal pain. Endoscopic tympanoplasty uses very less operative time than microscopic surgery.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Basic exchangeable cations in Finnish mineral soils

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Plough Layer

The content of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na replaced by neutral ammonium acetate was determined in 470 samples of mineral soils from various parts of Finland, except from Lapland. The amount of all these cations tended to increase with an increase in the clay content, but variation within each textural class was large, and the ranges usually overlapped those of the other classes. The higher acidity of virgin surface soils was connected with a lower average degree of saturation by Ca as compared with the corresponding textural classes of cultivated soils. No significant difference in the respective contents of other cations was detected. The samples of various textural groups from deeper layers were usually poorer in exchangeable Ca and K than the corresponding groups of plough layer. The mean content of exchangeable Mg was equal or even higher in the samples from deeper layers than in the samples from plough layer, except in the group of sand soils. The percentage of Mg of the effective CEC increased, as an average, from 9 in the sand and fine sand soils of plough layer to 30 in the heavy clay soils; in the heavy clay soils from deeper layers its mean value was 38 ± 4 %. In the samples of plough layer, the mean ratio of Ca to Mg in sand and fine sand soils was about 9, in silt and loam soils about 6, in the coarser clay soils about 4, and in heavy clay about 2.

Systemic diseases in patients with HTLV-1-associated uveitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Nakao ◽  
Noriko Abematsu ◽  
Taiji Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Cell Leukaemia ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers may develop severe systemic diseases, such as adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This study aims to investigate systemic diseases of HTLV-1 carriers who had developed HTLV-1-associated uveitis (HAU).MethodsWe investigated the occurrence of systemic diseases in 200 patients with HAU by performing a retrospective investigation of their medical records and examining the results of a postal survey.ResultsThe mean age of HAU onset was 49 years, and the total person-years from HAU onset was 1627. There were two cases of ATL. Of these, one was diagnosed with smouldering ATL at the time of HAU onset and the other developed acute-type ATL 4 years after HAU onset. There were 26 cases of HAM/TSP; of these, HAM/TSP occurred first in 13 cases and HAU occurred first in 11 cases. The interval between the onset of HAM/TSP and HAU ranged from 6 months to 6 years, with no significant difference observed based on whether HAM/TSP or HAU occurred first. Hyperthyroidism was noted in 45 cases and preceded onset in all cases. HAU onset occurred after starting thiamazole treatment, and in two cases HAU recurred each time thiamazole treatment was restarted.ConclusionHTLV-1 carriers with HAU may develop HAM/TSP more frequently than general carriers. HTLV-1 carriers undergoing treatment for hyperthyroidism may be prone to developing HAU.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Pra Urusopone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found. Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Diabetes Control Status in Children Aged 3 to 18 Years with Type 1 Diabetes: Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Ordooei ◽  
Reihaneh Azizi ◽  
Simin Amir Shahkarami
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases that is associated with many complications. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by a lack of insulin production due to high blood glucose levels. It is the third most severe and chronic childhood illness, affecting approximately 15 million children worldwide. Given the importance of controlling type 1 diabetes, especially in children, in this study we aimed to examine the status of diabetes control in children 3 to 18 with type 1 diabetes. Methods: This study was a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. The study population included 121 children aged 3-18 years with type 1 diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Center in 2018 to 2019. The information, including age, sex, BMI, patient maturity stage, duration of diabetes, mean A1C, daily insulin dose, number of blood glucose measurements per day and number of DKA attacks were extracted. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 16, using statistical tests were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the mean age of participants was 12.92± 3.96 years and the mean of A1c in patients was 8.63 ± 1.94. The results of our study on diabetes control status in the studied patients showed that 38.8% of patients had partial diabetes control status, 32.2% had good diabetes control status and 28.9% had poor diabetes control status. In addition, according to the results of the study, there was no statistically significant difference was found  among the frequency distribution of diabetes control status in terms of variables of puberty stage (p = 0.228), BMI (p = 0.508), age (p = 0.275), daily dose of bisal / bolus insulin (p = 0.479), dose Daily NPH / regular insulin (p = 0.386), number of blood glucose checks (p = 0.090), number of hospitalizations due to DKA (p = 0.539), duration of diabetes (p = 0.093) and gender (p = 0.263). . Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that none of the studied variables affect the control status of diabetes in children aged 3-18 years with type 1 diabetes.

Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Powell ◽  
Oscar Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

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